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THE HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE INDEX 2007 Measuring Commitment to Best Practice Silvia Hidalgo & Augusto Lopez-Claros DARA Development Assistance Research Associates – DARA Madrid, Spain 2007 THE HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE INDEX 2007 Measuring Commitment to Best Practice Silvia Hidalgo DARA Director Augusto López-Claros Humanitarian Response Index Project Director About DARA (Development Assistance Copyright © 2008 Research Associates) by DARA DARA is an independent not-for-profit organisation based in Madrid, Spain, committed to improving the All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy quality of humanitarian action and development aid or transmission of this publication may be through evaluation and research. Through its work made without written permission. DARA contributes to improving the effectiveness of international aid and global efforts to reduce human No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or suffering, vulnerability, and poverty. transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, Headquarters or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying Felipe IV, 9 - 3º Izquierda issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court 28014 Madrid — Spain Road, London W1T 4LP. Tel.: +34 91 531 03 72 Fax: +34 91 522 00 39 Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims Brussels Office for damages. Résidence Palace Rue de la Loi, 155, Block C The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the 4th and 6th floor 1040 authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs Brussels — Belgium and Patents Act 1988. Tel.: +32 2 230 33 37 Fax: +32 2 280 20 36 First published 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Washington Office Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 1120 19th Street NW 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Washington, DC 20036 — USA Companies and representatives throughout the world Tel.: +1 202 721 5626 Fax: +1 202 721 5658 PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Email: [email protected] Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark Web: www.daraint.org in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13: 978-0-230-57347-5 paperback ISBN-10: 0-230-57347-9 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Hobbs the Printers, Totton, Hampshire Contents Foreword v Part Three: Crisis Reports by Kofi A. Annan Introduction 77 Preface vii by Silvia Hidalgo Colombia: A Crisis Concealed 79 by Silvia Hidalgo Executive Summary xi by Silvia Hidalgo and Augusto López-Claros Democratic Republic of the Congo: Sick Giant of Africa 87 by Gilles Gasser Haiti: Violence, Gangs, and a Fragile State on 95 the Brink of Crisis Part One: The Humanitarian Response Index by Ricardo Solé Chapter 1: The Humanitarian Response Index 2007 3 Lebanon: Crisis of Civilian Protection 103 by Laura Altinger, Silvia Hidalgo, and Augusto López-Claros by Gilles Gasser Niger: Crisis of Acute, Protracted Poverty and 111 Vulnerability Part Two: Perspectives on Good Humanitarian Donorship by Marta Marañón Chapter 2: The Birth of Good Humanitarian Donorship 37 Pakistan: Testing Reform of the Humanitarian System 119 by Johan Schaar by Riccardo Polastro Chapter 3: Progress on the Front Lines 45 Sudan: From One Crisis to Another 127 by Jan Egeland by Ferdinand Irons Chapter 4: Opening Space for Long-Term 53 Timor-Leste: Relapse and Open Wounds 135 Development in Fragile Environments by Silvia Hidalgo by Sarah Cliffe and Charles Petrie Summary: 2006—A Year of Emergencies 142 Chapter 5: The Media-Driven Humanitarian 65 Response: Public Perceptions and Humanitarian Realities as Two Faces of the Same Coin by Michel Ogrizek (Cont’d.) Part Four: Donor Profiles prepared by Laura Altinger and Daniela Ruegenberg Introduction 147 Donor profiles Australia ............................................................................150 Austria...............................................................................152 Belgium.............................................................................154 Canada .............................................................................156 Denmark ...........................................................................158 European Commission ......................................................160 Finland ..............................................................................162 France...............................................................................164 Germany ...........................................................................166 Greece ..............................................................................168 Ireland ...............................................................................170 Italy ...................................................................................172 Japan................................................................................174 Luxembourg......................................................................176 Netherlands.......................................................................178 New Zealand.....................................................................180 Norway .............................................................................182 Portugal ............................................................................184 Spain.................................................................................186 Sweden.............................................................................188 Switzerland .......................................................................190 United Kingdom ................................................................192 United States ....................................................................194 List of Acronyms 197 Appendix: Questionnaire on Good Practice 199 in Humanitarian Donorship Glossary 203 About the Authors 211 v Foreword Foreword KOFI A. ANNAN On 26 December 2004, the world witnessed one of the I have no doubt that the Index will serve as an most devastating humanitarian emergencies in history, indispensable tool for dialogue among all stakeholders of the Indian Ocean tsunami.The world’s response was the the humanitarian community, assisting them to improve largest and most generous mobilization of humanitarian the implementation and effectiveness of humanitarian aid in history. aid. Constructive criticism and feedback on the Index But this was only one of many natural and man- will shape this annual publication and help it to develop made catastrophes that took place during my tenure as further. Secretary-General of the United Nations. And to most I share DARA’s conviction that this novel bench- of these—as in so many other cases—the response from marking mechanism will greatly strengthen donors’ vol- the international community was, at best, wanting. It is untary commitment to the GHD Principles. significant that even the sudden outpouring of solidarity International benchmarking has had considerable suc- for the tsunami victims was not sufficient to guarantee cess across various fields and offers the potential, an effective response, and many crucial lessons were through peer pressure, to motivate actors to make their learned from this experience. work more effective and correct deficiencies in the poli- I also had the privilege of presiding over an exten- cy framework. sive course of reflection and reform across the humani- At the heart of this new publication is the promo- tarian community, not least among donor governments tion of fundamental humanitarian principles which will themselves. One such vital initiative was the formulation save and protect lives and livelihoods.As former of the Principles and Good Practice of Humanitarian Secretary-General of the United Nations and President Donorship (GHD), now adopted by the 23 members of of the Global Humanitarian Forum, I heartily welcome the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). and applaud DARA’s effort. By this means, the donor community has committed Millions of victims of natural hazards and violent itself to safeguarding principles of humanity, neutrality, conflicts will continue to depend on humanitarian impartiality, and independence in the delivery of relief, not only for their very survival, but for their humanitarian assistance.The equal worth of every future protection from disaster and rehabilitation on the human life demands that humanitarian aid be equitable, path to escaping poverty. I firmly believe that the that is, free from geo-strategic interests, historical ties, Humanitarian Response Index will serve as an important domestic political agendas, or the attention of the tool to help ensure that no disaster is ignored, and that world’s media. every dollar spent helps those most in need. DARA’s Humanitarian Response Index 2007 is a new and innovative attempt

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