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– Key Points of Leviticus Outline of Leviticus – Key Points of Leviticus Leviticus stands at the center of the Torah. Its narrative covered probably only a month. It is the first book of Torah that religious Jews start teaching their young children, since it is believed that those who are pure in heart (i.e., children) should be engaged in the study of purity (i.e., the laws of purification and atonement)—the central themes of Leviticus. • Even today, Leviticus remains the foundation for Jewish life, since it includes the laws pertaining to diet, the feasts, sex, marriage, family purity, and our relationship with our fellow man. Leviticus is at the heart of the modern Jewish synagogue service, and forms the basis for the daily devotions of religious Jews. Jewish liturgical prayer is largely based on the tabernacle service outlined in this book. Outline of Leviticus • The five main offerings (Lev 1–7) • The ordination of priests (Lev 6:8–7:38) • Laws of cleanliness (food, childbirth, diseases, etc., Lev 11–15) • Day of Atonement (Lev 16–17) • Moral laws regulating relationships between humans (Lev 18–20) • Regulations for priests, the offerings of the 1 annual feasts (Lev 21:1–24:9 Page • Punishment for blasphemy, murder, etc. (Lev 24:10–23) • The Sabbatical year, Jubilee, land laws, slavery (Lev 25) • Blessings and cursings (Lev 26) • Regulations pertaining to vows made to YHVH (Lev 27) U Themes of Leviticus • Holiness (set-apartness) is the key theme of Leviticus. The set-apartness of YHVH and the need for man to become set-apart (Heb. kadosh; Lev 11:44). • The offerings and other ceremonies served to show the holiness of YHVH. • YHVH can only be approached through proper and prescribed protocols. • In Leviticus, spiritual set-apartness (holiness) is symbolized by physical perfection. All blemishes or defects symbolize man’s spiritual defects, which break his spiritual wholeness. Therefore, the religious system in Leviticus required: – Perfect animals for sacrifices (Lev 1–7) – Priests without physical deformity (Lev 8–10) – A woman to be ritually purified from hemorrhaging after childbirth (Lev 12) – Ritual purification from sores, burns, baldness (Lev 13–14) – Ritual purification from a man’s bodily discharges (Lev 15:1–18 – Ritual purification after a woman’s menstrual cycle (Lev 15:19–33) • Those with certain diseases or ailments had to leave the camp (symbolic of leaving YHVH’s Presence— like Adam and Eve leaving the Garden of Eden after they had sinned). Israelites could be readmitted to the camp (symbolic of returning to YHVH’s Presence) only after certain protocols had been performed and the person had been pronounced whole by the priests. • In Exodus 19:6, YHVH calls for Israel to be a kingdom of priests. As such, they were to be a light to the nations and to show Elohim’s glory to the world (Deut 4:4–8). Israel was to be YHVH’s representation of YHVH’s kingdom on earth. Leviticus showed Israel how to walk in a set-apart (kadosh or holy) manner before YHVH and the world. U All Was Overseen by the Priests • The priests (Heb. kohenim) oversaw and controlled the sacrifices, rituals, ceremonies, and everything pertaining to the tabernacle. • It was their job to establish Israel as a kadosh (set-apart) nation, and to instruct Israel in spiritual cleanliness and set-apartness (holiness), to preserve them spiritually, and to present them to YHVH as a pure and righteous people. http://www.hoshanarabbah.org/ 2 Page Vayikra/Leviticus 1:1 to 2:16 – Year One And He Called The Book of Leviticus begins to go into the acceptable offerings to be offered on the Alter before YHWH. We will look in detail at each of the offerings and why they are being offered and how this applies to Messiah Yeshua, THE LAMB OF YHWH. Lev 1:1 Then the LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the tent of meeting, saying, Lev 1:2 "Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, 'When any man of you brings an offering to the LORD, you shall bring your offering of animals from the herd or the flock. Lev 1:3 'If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he shall offer it, a male without defect; he shall offer it at the doorway of the tent of meeting, that he may be accepted before the LORD. Lev 1:4 'He shall lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, that it may be accepted for him to make atonement on his behalf. Lev 1:5 'He shall slay the young bull before the LORD; and Aaron's sons the priests shall offer up the blood and sprinkle the blood around on the altar that is at the doorway of the tent of meeting. Lev 1:6 'He shall then skin the burnt offering and cut it into its pieces. Lev 1:7 'The sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire on the altar and arrange wood on the fire. Lev 1:8 'Then Aaron's sons the priests shall arrange the pieces, the head and the suet over the wood which is on the fire that is on the altar. Lev 1:9 'Its entrails, however, and its legs he shall wash with water. And the priest shall offer up in smoke all of it on the altar for a burnt offering, an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the LORD. Lev 1:10 'But if his offering is from the flock, of the sheep or of the goats, for a burnt offering, he shall offer it a male without defect. Lev 1:11 'He shall slay it on the side of the altar northward before the LORD, and Aaron's sons the priests shall sprinkle its blood around on the altar. Lev 1:12 'He shall then cut it into its pieces with its head and its suet, and the priest shall arrange them on the wood which is on the fire that is on the altar. Lev 1:13 'The entrails, however, and the legs he shall wash with water. And the priest shall offer all of it, and offer it up in smoke on the altar; it is a burnt offering, an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the LORD. Lev 1:14 'But if his offering to the LORD is a burnt offering of birds, then he shall bring his offering from the turtledoves or from young pigeons. Lev 1:15 'The priest shall bring it to the altar, and wring off its head and offer it up in smoke on the altar; and its blood is to be drained out on the side of the altar. Lev 1:16 'He shall also take away its crop with its feathers and cast it beside the altar eastward, to the place of the ashes. Lev 1:17 'Then he shall tear it by its wings, but shall not sever it. And the priest shall offer it up in smoke on the altar on the wood which is on the fire; it is a burnt offering, an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the LORD. Lev 2:1 'Now when anyone presents a grain offering as an offering to the LORD, his offering shall be of fine flour, and he shall pour oil on it and put frankincense on it. Lev 2:2 'He shall then bring it to Aaron's sons the priests; and shall take from it his handful of its fine flour and of its oil with all of its frankincense. And the priest shall offer it up in smoke as its memorial portion on the altar, an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the LORD. Lev 2:3 'The remainder of the grain offering belongs to Aaron and his sons: a thing most holy, of the offerings to the LORD by fire. 3 Page Lev 2:4 'Now when you bring an offering of a grain offering baked in an oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mixed with oil, or unleavened wafers spread with oil. Lev 2:5 'If your offering is a grain offering made on the griddle, it shall be of fine flour, unleavened, mixed with oil; Lev 2:6 you shall break it into bits and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering. Lev 2:7 'Now if your offering is a grain offering made in a pan, it shall be made of fine flour with oil. Lev 2:8 'When you bring in the grain offering which is made of these things to the LORD, it shall be presented to the priest and he shall bring it to the altar. Lev 2:9 'The priest then shall take up from the grain offering its memorial portion, and shall offer it up in smoke on the altar as an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the LORD. Lev 2:10 'The remainder of the grain offering belongs to Aaron and his sons: a thing most holy of the offerings to the LORD by fire. Lev 2:11 'No grain offering, which you bring to the LORD, shall be made with leaven, for you shall not offer up in smoke any leaven or any honey as an offering by fire to the LORD. Lev 2:12 'As an offering of first fruits you shall bring them to the LORD, but they shall not ascend for a soothing aroma on the altar. Lev 2:13 'Every grain offering of yours, moreover, you shall season with salt, so that the salt of the covenant of your God shall not be lacking from your grain offering; with all your offerings you shall offer salt.
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