DOCSLIB.ORG

Doing Diabetes (Type 1): Symbiotic Ethics and Practices of Care Embodied in Human-Canine Collaborations and Olfactory Sensitivity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Doing Diabetes (Type 1): Symbiotic Ethics and Practices of Care Embodied in Human-Canine Collaborations and Olfactory Sensitivity Doing diabetes (Type 1): Symbiotic ethics and practices of care embodied in human-canine collaborations and olfactory sensitivity Submitted by Fenella Eason to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthrozoology in August 2017 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature.................................................................. 1 ABSTRACT The chronically ill participants in this study are vulnerable experts in life’s uncertainties, and have become aware over time of multiple medical and social needs and practices. But, unlike the hypo-aware respondents documented in some studies of diabetes mellitus Type 1, these research participants are also conscious of their inability to recognise when their own fluctuating blood glucose levels are rising or falling to extremes, a loss of hyper- or hypo-awareness that puts their lives constantly at risk. Particular sources of better life management, increased self-esteem and means of social (re-)integration are trained medical alert assistance dogs who share the human home, and through keen olfactory sensitivity, are able to give advance warning when their partners’ blood sugar levels enter ‘danger’ zones. Research studies in anthrozoology and anthropology provide extensive literature on historic and contemporary human bonds with domestic and/or wild nonhuman animals. Equally, the sociology of health and illness continues to extend research into care practices performed to assist people with chronic illness. This study draws from these disciplines in order to add to multispecies ethnographic literature by exploring human-canine engagement, contribution and narrative, detailing the impact each member of the dyad has on the other, and by observing the 'doing' of the partnerships' daily routines to ward off hypo-glycaemia and hospitalisation. In addition, the project investigates the place, role and 'otherness' of a medical alert dog in a chronically ill person's understanding of 'the-body-they-do'. The perspective of symbolic interactionism assists in disentangling individual and shared meanings inherent in the interspecies collaboration by examining the mutualistic practices of care performed. The often-flexible moral boundaries that humans construct to differentiate between acceptable use and unacceptable exploitation of nonhuman animals are questioned within ethics-of-care theory, based on the concept of dogs as animate instruments and biomedical resources. 2 Title page 1 Abstract 2 List of contents 3 1 Introduction 6 1.1 Humans and other animals: the familiar and the foreign 11 1.2 Becoming 'one-self' 13 1.3 Facilitators of human-human relationships 15 1.4 Multispecies cooperation 17 1.5 Aims and objectives 21 1.6 Additional research purpose 25 1.7 Care practices and problems 30 1.8 Blood, hygiene and biotherapy 32 1.9 Commodification and the ethics of care 34 2 Methodology 36 2.1 Qualitative mixed methods 39 2.2 Interspecies participants 44 2.2.1 Sara and Apple 44 2.2.2 Terry and Jim 45 2.2.3 Richard and Higgins 45 2.2.4 Paul and Nero 48 2.2.5 Janet and Alfie 49 2.2.6 Tina and Harley 51 2.2.7 Mel and Gemma 51 2.3 Social sensitivity and self-reflexivity 54 2.4 Trans-species communication 55 3 Review of historical and contemporary literature 61 3.1 Examining research 64 3.2 Morals and minority groups 66 3.3 Marks’ amoral animal ethics 70 3.4 Moral principles and dilemmas 71 3.5 Interspecies empathy 73 3.6 Animal personhood in a shared identity 75 4 Anthrozoological and sociological perspectives 78 4.1 Symbiotic relationships 81 3 4.2 The working dog 85 4.2.1 Domestication and the history of the working dog 85 4.2.2 Stray dogs and village dogs 89 4.2.3 Canine ergonomics: the science of the working dog 93 4.2.4 ‘Works-in-progress’ 102 4.2.5 Medical detection dogs in training 104 4.2.6 Medical Detection Dogs in work 108 4.3 Needs and complex issues in chronic illness 109 4.4 In/dependence 114 4.5 Self and social identity formation 117 5 The canine sense of smell and olfactory acuity 121 5.1 Smelling like a dog 122 5.2 Consequences of scenting 123 5.3 Canine nasal structure 126 6 ‘Doing’ diabetes Type 1 131 6.1 The illness, Type 1 diabetes 132 6.2 Effects of the diagnosis 133 6.3 Canine 'alert' communication 135 6.4 Blood and pollution 136 6.5 Injecting insulin 137 6.6 The insulin pump 138 6.7 The test strips 141 6.8 Cannula and pump 142 6.9 Nutrition 143 6.10 ‘Not fit for purpose...’ 145 6.11 Vision difficulties 146 6.12 Driving and transport 149 6.13 School 150 6.14 Losing hypo-awareness 151 6.15 The impact of ‘mood swings’ 153 6.16 Mortality and improving control 155 6.17 Keeping ‘high’ and life expectancy 156 6.18 Type 1 diabetes and pregnancy 158 6.19 Measuring and recording 158 7 Dogs as biomedical resources 160 4 7.1 Transhumanism 165 7.2 Animate instruments 168 7.3 Exploitation 172 7.4 Use and exploitation 174 7.5 Anxiety: fear of failure 177 7.6 Parasitism: a selfish harvesting? 180 7.7 Recognition 182 7.8 An ‘alliance of friendship’? 185 7.9 Xenotransplantation; animal models for human treatment 187 7.10 Wearing status 192 7.11 Disabling identity 195 8 Animals as health technologies 194 8.1 Contemporary canine domestication 200 8.2 A theory of domestication 202 8.3 Tools and devices 206 9 Symbiotic practices of care 210 9.1 Meanings of care 210 9.2 Understanding nonhuman animal work 212 9.3 Morally acceptable? 214 9.4 Compassion, empathy, sympathy 217 9.5 Ethics of care 223 9.6 Where the social contract fails... 227 9.7 Why veganism? 228 9.8 Morality and symbiotic ethics 231 9.9 Object and subject of care - collective identities 235 9.10 Systems of cooperation and mutuality 237 9.11 Communication and understanding 238 9.12 Welfare concerns 243 10 Endings and 'ethical decision-making' 246 10.1 No longer useful? 246 10.2 Recycling 247 10.3 Replacing 249 10.4 What next for human-canine biomedical collaboration? 251 References 257 5 Tina (her voice drops as she speaks): I just thought they’re going to come and find me dead. I: That must be frightening? Tina: Well, you’d go to bed of a night and sleep straight out so if they come, they haven’t got much to do...(she demonstrates as if lying on her back, legs together, arms close to her body, resembling an alabaster effigy of a medieval knight on a church tomb chest). I: So you were preparing? Tina: Yes, have I got everything clean and I’d get into my new pyjamas... 1 Introduction Complacency, likely created by ignorance, laziness or disinterest, allows all manner of negligence, unkindness and condescension to occur in everyday life. For example, an overheard coffee-shop conversation might reveal: ‘Oh, Jenny told me she’s got diabetes...’ Response: ‘Poor thing, no more cream teas for her. Did you see that film on ...?’ Instantly the unfortunate Jenny is disenfranchised, boxed into the category of invisibly-unwell individuals who could probably do something to improve their health if they made an effort. There is no endeavour by her friends to discover which type of diabetes was diagnosed, whether she might need to increase rather than decrease carbohydrate ingestion; it is as if Jenny has ‘a bit of a headache’. Complacency enables disparaging sympathy, even vague condemnation, and an avoidance of the need to care, to ‘do something about it’ or to question the significance of such a diagnosis. When Tina, a participant in this research who has Type 1 diabetes, describes her long-term fight to live on her own and ‘survive’ frequent and lengthy hypoglycaemic collapses, any trace of complacency in my attitude to this illness is given a trenchant shake-up. Her consideration of the feelings of others, such as care-workers and undertakers, in the situation above is mind- blowing and in total contrast to the attitude of my imagined café conversationalists. She adds: 'You get to the point in your life where you think, am I going to wake up? Or you spend all night up...' Tina could remain unconscious for four to five hours after a hypoglycaemic collapse at home. If she collapsed in the street, she recalls: People would just walk past. They’d think ‘you’re drunk’, and really it’s no different to what I’d do, but I was in desperate need, you know, for someone to know that I’m not right... 6 Mentally ripped out of their comfort zone by the unexpected tearing of their corporeal mantle, people are often forced to discover alternative modes of social existence and other resources that enable coping with newly-shaped ways of being. One method of locating these is to talk of upsetting events and experiences with psychologists and physicians, and with those who have had similar disruptions in their lives. Gradually and often uneasily, the altered selves are enabled to release stories of their embodied corruption and its forceful entourage of side effects. Sarah Nettleton exemplifies the significance of personal narrative: ‘When people have the opportunity to give voice to their experiences of illness, it becomes evident that their accounts are woven into their biographies’ (2013: 73).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Primitively Social Wasp
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Crossref OBSERVATIONS OF XENORHYNCHIUM NITIDULUM (FABRICIUS) (HYMENOPTERA, EUMENINAE), A PRIMITIVELY SOCIAL WASP BY MARY JANE WEST-EBERHARD* Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute INTRODUCTION Until recently primitively social wasps, with more than one female sharing a nest but without a reproductive division of labor, were considered rare. For many years, the only such wasps known were the five species cited by Wheeler (1928) in his classic book on the social insects. More primitively social wasps are now known (for a partial list see West-Eberhard, 1979). It is clear, however, that many more remain to be discovered, and information on the biology of primitively social species is still scarce. It therefore seems worth- while to report the following brief notes on Xenorynchium nitidu- lum (Fabricius), a primitively social wasp found in India. The observations reported here were made on nests collected in the vil- lage of Janla, Puri District, Orissa (about 20 degrees N.Latitude) in November, 1979. X. nitidulum is widely distributed in India. Vecht (1963 p. 112) cites Dover and Rao (1922) as recording this species from Calcutta, Pusa, Bangalore, Lucknow, Kashmir, and Lahore (Punjab). NEST STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS Xenorhynchium nitidulum builds a nest consisting of several barrel-shaped mud cells coated with an amber-colored substance that is sticky when fresh, and that later forms a hard lumpy coating: This coating strengthens the rather fragile mud walls of the cells which are only 0.25-0.5 mm thick. It may also afford some protec- tion against insect predators and parasitoids, as further discussed below.
    [Show full text]
  • IRS TCF Form 990 for 2011
    The Community Foundation Serving Boulder County 1123 Spruce Street Boulder, CO 80302-4001 2011 Exempt Org. Return 990 OMB No. 1545-0047 Form Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax 2011 Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except black lung benefit trust or private foundation) Open to Public Department of the Treasury Inspection Internal Revenue Service G The organization may have to use a copy of this return to satisfy state reporting requirements. A For the 2011 calendar year, or tax year beginning , 2011, and ending , B Check if applicable: C D Employer Identification Number Address change THE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION 84-1171836 E Name change SERVING BOULDER COUNTY Telephone number Initial return 1123 SPRUCE STREET (303)442-0436 Terminated BOULDER, CO 80302-4001 Amended return G Gross receipts $ 6,759,301. Application pending F Name and address of principal officer: H(a) Is this a group return for affiliates? Yes X No H(b) Are all affiliates included? Yes No SAME AS C ABOVE If 'No,' attach a list. (see instructions) I Tax-exempt status X 501(c)(3) 501(c) ( )H (insert no.) 4947(a)(1) or 527 G J Website: G WWW.COMMFOUND.ORG H(c) Group exemption number K Form of organization: X Corporation Trust Association OtherG L Year of Formation: 1991 M State of legal domicile: CO Part I Summary 1 Briefly describe the organization's mission or most significant activities: THE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION EXISTS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN BOULDER COUNTY, NOW AND FOREVER, AND CREATE A CULTURE OF GIVING.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Notes on Ground-Nesting Digger Wasps from Western Nebraska
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln The Prairie Naturalist Great Plains Natural Science Society 6-2005 Biological Notes on Ground-Nesting Digger Wasps from Western Nebraska Robert W. Matthews Janice R. Matthews Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tpn Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Botany Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Systems Biology Commons, and the Weed Science Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Natural Science Society at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Prairie Naturalist by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Biological Notes on Ground-Nesting Digger Wasps from Western Nebraska ROBERTW. MATTHEWS· and JANICE R. MATTHEWS Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 ABSTRACT -- Nine species of sphecid wasps nesting in sparsely vegetated sandy soils near Ogallala, Keith County, Nebraska were studied during June 2003. The first records of the nest and prey of Cerceris clypeata gnarina Banks and Tachysphex williamsi R. Bohart are presented. Two species of weevils, Baris striata Say and B. subsimilis Casey, were prey of C. clypeata gnarina, with 12 to 22 individuals stocked per cell. Because B. subsimilis is a biological control agent for thistle, this finding is a caution to researchers not to ignore the potential impact of predatory wasps on the community. The single nest of T williamsi was a shallow burrow 5 cm deep; prey included grasshopper nymphs of Melanoplus sp. and M angustipennis (Dodge).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Methods Offer Powerful Insights Into Social Evolution in Bees Sarah Kocher, Robert Paxton
    Comparative methods offer powerful insights into social evolution in bees Sarah Kocher, Robert Paxton To cite this version: Sarah Kocher, Robert Paxton. Comparative methods offer powerful insights into social evolution in bees. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2014, 45 (3), pp.289-305. 10.1007/s13592-014-0268-3. hal- 01234748 HAL Id: hal-01234748 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01234748 Submitted on 27 Nov 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2014) 45:289–305 Review article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France, 2014 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-014-0268-3 Comparative methods offer powerful insights into social evolution in bees 1 2 Sarah D. KOCHER , Robert J. PAXTON 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 2Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany Received 9 September 2013 – Revised 8 December 2013 – Accepted 2 January 2014 Abstract – Bees are excellent models for studying the evolution of sociality. While most species are solitary, many form social groups. The most complex form of social behavior, eusociality, has arisen independently four times within the bees.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety and Hygiene of Ichthyotherapy with G. Rufa Fish
    Arch Phys Glob Res 2019; 23 (2): 37-44 ORIGINAL PAPER DOI 10.15442/apgr.23.2.5 Safety and hygiene of ichthyotherapy with G. rufa fish Małgorzata Gorzel*, Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz** * Faculty of Health Sciences, Vincent Pol University, ** Research and Science Innovation Center, Lublin Abstract Today, biotherapies (therapies using animals, plants or their secretions) are becoming increasingly popular. In medicine and cosmetology, leeches, fish, insect larvae, mucus fromH. aspersa snail, bee products are used. Among them, ichthyotherapy - therapy with the use of Garra rufa (Heckel 1843), which is gaining popularity not only in the exotic resorts of Turkey, Iran and Jordan, but also in Poland, deserves attention. In view of the growing interest in ichthyotherapy, the question arises: Are cosmetic and therapeutic procedures using this vertebrate completely safe for humans? This question became a contribution to taking up this topic of study. Ichthyotherapy is the use of freshwater, sedentary benthopelagic fish of the cyprinid family, red garra (G. rufa), commercially referred to as “the doctor fish”. This fish has a suction apparatus that allows removal of calloused epidermis in patients undergoing therapy. This treatment has been used mainly in cosmetics as so-called fish pedicure, but also in medicine. Scientific reports indicate that this fish may be helpful in treating some skin diseases, i.e. in alleviating the symptoms of psoriasis or atopic dermatitis. Treatments using the red garra have to be performed in full compliance with hygiene rules. In 2011, the British Health Protect Agency (BHPA) published the guidelines for carrying out treatments using these fish. It specified the indications and contraindications for performing the procedure, the way it should be performed, as well as the threats that could result from possible non-compliance with the principles of occupational health and safety during the procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Applications of Electronic-Nose Technologies in Healthcare and Biomedicine
    15 Future Applications of Electronic-Nose Technologies in Healthcare and Biomedicine Alphus Dan Wilson USDA Forest Service, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory United States of America 1. Introduction The development and utilization of many new electronic-nose (e-nose) applications in the healthcare and biomedical fields have continued to rapidly accelerate over the past 20 years. Innovative e-nose technologies are providing unique solutions to a diversity of complex problems in biomedicine that are now coming to fruition. A wide range of electronic-nose instrument types, based on different operating principles and mechanisms, has facilitated the creation of different types and categories of medical applications that take advantage of the unique strengths and advantages of specific sensor types and sensor arrays of different individual instruments. Electronic-nose applications have been developed for a wide range of healthcare sectors including diagnostics, immunology, pathology, patient recovery, pharmacology, physical therapy, physiology, preventative medicine, remote healthcare, and wound and graft healing. E-nose biomedical applications range from biochemical testing, blood compatibility, disease diagnoses, drug purity, monitoring metabolic levels, organ dysfunction, and telemedicine. This review summarizes some of the key technological developments of electronic-nose technologies, arising from past and recent biomedical research, and identifies a variety of future e-nose applications currently under development which have great potential to advance the effectiveness and efficiency of biomedical treatments and healthcare services for many years. A concise synthesis of the major electronic-nose technologies developed for healthcare and medical applications since the 1980s is provided along with a detailed assessment and analysis of future potential advances in electronic aroma detection (EAD) technologies that will provide effective solutions to newly-emerging problems in the healthcare industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Emotional Support Animal (ESA)
    International Association of Canine Professionals Service Dog Committee HUD Assistance Animal and Emotional Support Animal definitions vs DOJ Service Dog (SD) Definition At this time, the IACP acknowledges the only country that we are aware of recognizing ESAs is the United States and therefore, the rules and regulations contained in this document are those of the United States. Service animals are defined as dogs (and sometimes miniature horses) individually trained to do work or perform tasks for people with physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual or other mental disability. The tasks may include pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a sound, guiding a person who is visually impaired, warning and/or aiding the person prior to an imminent seizure, as well as calming or interrupting a behavior of a person who suffers from Post-Traumatic Stress. The tasks a service dog can perform are not limited to this list. However, the work or task a service dog does must be directly related to the person's disability and must be trained and not inherent. Service dogs may accompany persons with disabilities into places that the public normally goes, even if they have a “No Pets” policy. These areas include state and local government buildings, businesses open to the public, public transportation, and non-profit organizations open to the public. The law allowing public access for a person with a disability accompanied by a Service Dog is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) under the Department of Justice. Examples of Types of Service Dogs: · Guide Dog or Seeing Eye® Dog is a carefully trained dog that serves as a travel tool for persons who have severe visual impairments or are blind.
    [Show full text]
  • Camilo Echavarria PARTNER
    Camilo Echavarria PARTNER Los Angeles T 213.633.6800 Partner-in-Charge, Los Angeles F 213.633.6899 Diversity Executive Council E [email protected] Education I get excited by figuring out the best strategy to solve my client’s J.D., New York University School employment problems while minimizing the pain involved. of Law Camilo Echavarria is a fixer – he handles his client’s employment problems so B.A., Government, Economics, that they can focus on their business and do what is most important to them. Cornell University, magna cum laude Camilo gives practical advice to his clients on how to deal with and manage litigation in a way that best serves them. He does not over-litigate. Instead, Admitted to Practice Camilo works up the cases quickly, provides concrete case assessments, and makes strategic decisions to further his client’s goals in the litigation. California U.S. District Court Central District For over 20 years, Camilo has worked with large and medium-sized employers of California in California to defend them in employment lawsuits — from single-plaintiff to U.S. District Court Eastern District class action cases. He also provides his clients with practical employment advice of California in their day-to-day operations and helps them navigate California’s complicated employment laws while understanding the need to run a profitable and U.S. District Court Southern successful business. With two decades of experience including over three years District of California as in-house counsel for NBC Universal, Camilo has firsthand knowledge of U.S. District Court Northern District cost-effective ways to partner with clients and provide responsive, results- of California oriented counsel.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Technology Assessment of Assistance Dogs and Dog-Assisted
    Linköping University Medical Dissertation No. 1743 Martina Lundqvist FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES Linköping University Medical Dissertation No. 1743, 2020 Health Technology Department of Health Medicine and Caring Sciences Linköping University SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden Assessment of Health Assessment Technology of Assistance Dogs and Dog-Assisted Interventions www.liu.se Assistance Dogs and Dog-Assisted Interventions Martina Lundqvist 2020 Linköping University Medical Dissertations No. 1743 Health Technology Assessment of Assistance Dogs and Dog-Assisted Interventions Martina Lundqvist Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences Linköping University, Sweden Linköping 2020 ©Martina Lundqvist, 2020 Cover Design: Adrian Berggren Published articles have been reprinted with the permission of the copyright holders. Printed in Sweden by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden, 2020 ISBN 978-91-7929-834-0 ISSN 0345-0082 To Hampus and Arvid. You mean the world to me! Contents CONTENTS CONTENTS .................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... 1 SVENSK SAMMANFATTNING ................................................................... 3 LIST OF PAPERS .......................................................................................... 5 ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Canine Olfactory Detection and Its
    Jendrny et al. BMC Infect Dis (2021) 21:838 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06523-8 REVIEW Open Access Canine olfactory detection and its relevance to medical detection Paula Jendrny1, Friederike Twele1, Sebastian Meller1, Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Erasmus Osterhaus2, Esther Schalke3 and Holger Andreas Volk1* Abstract The extraordinary olfactory sense of canines combined with the possibility to learn by operant conditioning enables dogs for their use in medical detection in a wide range of applications. Research on the ability of medical detection dogs for the identifcation of individuals with infectious or non-infectious diseases has been promising, but compared to the well-established and–accepted use of snifer dogs by the police, army and customs for substances such as money, explosives or drugs, the deployment of medical detection dogs is still in its infancy. There are several factors to be considered for standardisation prior to deployment of canine scent detection dogs. Individual odours in disease consist of diferent volatile organic molecules that difer in magnitude, volatility and concentration. Olfaction can be infuenced by various parameters like genetics, environmental conditions, age, hydration, nutrition, microbiome, conditioning, training, management factors, diseases and pharmaceuticals. This review discusses current knowledge on the function and importance of canines’ olfaction and evaluates its limitations and the potential role of the dog as a biomedical detector for infectious and non-infectious diseases. Keywords: Biomedical detection dogs, Olfaction, Olfactory sense, Screening method, Snifer dogs Background information on odour origin and composition, neuro- Canines are macrosmatics with an extraordinary olfac- anatomy and physiology of the canine olfaction, difer- tory sense and memory [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • Review Neurological Connections and Endogenous Biochemistry
    1 Review 2 3 Neurological connections and endogenous biochemistry - potentially useful in electronic- 4 nose diagnostics for coronavirus diseases 5 6 Tiffany C. Miller1, Salvatore D. Morgera1, Stephen E. Saddow1,2, Arash Takshi1, Matthew 7 Mullarkey3, Matthew Palm4 8 9 1Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. 10 2Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. 11 3Muma College of Business, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. 12 4Valhall K-9 International, LLC, Hull, GA 30646, USA. 13 14 Correspondence to: Dr. Salvatore D. Morgera, Department of Electrical Engineering, 15 University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA, E-mail: 16 [email protected] 17 18 How to cite this article: Miller TC, Morgera SD, Saddow SE, Takshi A, Mullarkey M, Palm M. 19 Neurological connections and endogenous biochemistry - potentially useful in electronic-nose 20 diagnostics for coronavirus diseases. Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 2021;8:[Accept]. 21 http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2021.05 22 23 Received: 23 Feb 2021 Revised: 11 Jun 2021 Accepted: 29 Jun 2021 First online: 14 Jul 24 2021 25 26 27 ABSTRACT 28 As our understanding of infectious diseases, such as coronavirus diseases including, Coronavirus 29 Disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as human respiratory viral and nonviral diseases, improves, 30 we expect to uncover a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease as it relates to 31 neuroinflammation. This may include associated biomarkers of immune response for 1 32 neuroinflammation, central nervous system injury, and/or peripheral nervous system injury 33 emitted from the breath and/or odor of an individual.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic-Nose Technology and Its Application -A Systematic Survey
    ISSN (Online) 2321-2004 ISSN (Print) 2321-5526 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING Vol. 3, Issue 1, January 2015 Electronic-Nose Technology and its Application -A Systematic Survey Pranjal kalita1, Manash protim saikia2, N.H.Singh3 Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Dibrugarh University Institute Of Engineering & Technology, Dibrugarh, Assam ,India1,2,3 Abstract: Electronic Nose is one of the most advance device in the field of sensor technology. It is responsible for the automated detection and classification of gases, odors and vapors. This paper reviews the three components of Electronic Nose i.e. sample handling, detection system, data processing system. It outlines the range of sensors their principles, advantages and disadvantages. It describe the data processing through pattern recognition process. It also outlines the enormous benefits of Electronic Nose in the field of food control, clinical diagnosis, cosmetics, environmental factors, garbage control and detection of plant diseases. Keywords: E-Nose, VOC, ANN, ART. INTRODUCTION E-Nose is a measuring instrument that is designed to signal, amplifies and condition it. A digital converter is mimic the mammalian olfactory system. With the used to convert the electrical signal in analog form to advancement in sensor technology, biochemistry, digital form. The simple or complex mixture is electronics, artificial intelligence it is possible to design characterized by a unique digital aroma signature the biological olfactory system within an pattern.A computer will read the digital signal and instrumentcapable of identifying and classifying the aroma displays the output. mixture. Its capability of recognition of the mixture of A pattern recognition algorithm observe the difference organic sample rather than recognizing individual between the pattern of all analyte type in the reference chemical species in the sample make this device unique library.
    [Show full text]