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American Cultural Anthropology and British Social Anthropology
Anthropology News • January 2006 IN FOCUS ANTHROPOLOGY ON A GLOBAL SCALE In light of the AAA's objective to develop its international relations and collaborations, AN invited international anthropologists to engage with questions about the practice of anthropology today, particularly issues of anthropology and its relationships to globaliza- IN FOCUS tion and postcolonialism, and what this might mean for the future of anthropology and future collaborations between anthropologists and others around the world. Please send your responses in 400 words or less to Stacy Lathrop at [email protected]. One former US colleague pointed out American Cultural Anthropology that Boas’s four-field approach is today presented at the undergradu- ate level in some departments in the and British Social Anthropology US as the feature that distinguishes Connections and Four-Field Approach that the all-embracing nature of the social anthropology from sociology, Most of our colleagues’ comments AAA, as opposed to the separate cre- highlighting the fact that, as a Differences German colleague noted, British began by highlighting the strength ation of the Royal Anthropological anthropologists seem more secure of the “four-field” approach in the Institute (in 1907) and the Associa- ROBERT LAYTON AND ADAM R KAUL about an affinity with sociology. US. One argued that this approach is tion of Social Anthropologists (in U DURHAM Clearly British anthropology traces in fact on the decline following the 1946) in Britain, contributes to a its lineage to the sociological found- deeper impact that postmodernism higher national profile of anthropol- ing fathers—Durkheim, Weber and consistent self-critique has had in the US relative to the UK. -
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The Political, Security, and Climate Landscape in Oceania
The Political, Security, and Climate Landscape in Oceania Prepared for the US Department of Defense’s Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance May 2020 Written by: Jonah Bhide Grace Frazor Charlotte Gorman Claire Huitt Christopher Zimmer Under the supervision of Dr. Joshua Busby 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 United States 8 Oceania 22 China 30 Australia 41 New Zealand 48 France 53 Japan 61 Policy Recommendations for US Government 66 3 Executive Summary Research Question The current strategic landscape in Oceania comprises a variety of complex and cross-cutting themes. The most salient of which is climate change and its impact on multilateral political networks, the security and resilience of governments, sustainable development, and geopolitical competition. These challenges pose both opportunities and threats to each regionally-invested government, including the United States — a power present in the region since the Second World War. This report sets out to answer the following questions: what are the current state of international affairs, complexities, risks, and potential opportunities regarding climate security issues and geostrategic competition in Oceania? And, what policy recommendations and approaches should the US government explore to improve its regional standing and secure its national interests? The report serves as a primer to explain and analyze the region’s state of affairs, and to discuss possible ways forward for the US government. Given that we conducted research from August 2019 through May 2020, the global health crisis caused by the novel coronavirus added additional challenges like cancelling fieldwork travel. However, the pandemic has factored into some of the analysis in this report to offer a first look at what new opportunities and perils the United States will face in this space. -
Regionalism, Security & Cooperation in Oceania
Regionalism, Security & Cooperation in Oceania Edited by Rouben Azizian and Carleton Cramer Regionalism, Security & Cooperation in Oceania Edited by Rouben Azizian and Carleton Cramer First published June 2015 Published by the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies 2058 Maluhia Road Honolulu, HI 96815 www.apcss.org For reprint permissions, contact the editors via: [email protected] ISBN 978-0-9719416-7-0 Printed in the United States of America. Vanuatu Harbor Photo used with permission ©GlennCraig Group photo by: Philippe Metois Maps used with permission from: Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) Center for Pacific Island Studies (CPIS) University of Hawai’i at Manoa This book is dedicated to the people of Vanuatu who are recovering from the devastating impact of Cyclone Pam, which struck the country on March 13, 2015. 2 Regionalism, Security & Cooperation in Oceania Table of Contents Acknowledgments and Disclaimers .............................................. 4 List of Abbreviations and Glossary ............................................... 6 Introduction: Regionalism, Security and Cooperation in Oceania Rouben Azizian .............................................................................. 9 Regional Security Architecture in the Pacific 1 Islands Region: Rummaging through the Blueprints R.A. Herr .......................................................................... 17 Regional Security Environment and Architecture in the Pacific Islands Region 2 Michael Powles ............................................................... -
Information Note
1 Information Note Event: 11th Annual Conference of Customs Heads, Oceania Customs Organisation (OCO) Organizers: Oceania Customs Organisation (OCO) Date and Venue: 4-8 May 2009; Port Vila, Vanuatu Participants: OCO State Members: Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu; (OCO non-State members also participated). Observers: Canada, Japan, Timor-Leste. International organizations and entities: Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS), Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), Pacific Plant Protection Organisation, Pacific Islands Chiefs of Police, Pacific Immigration Directors’ Conference (PIDC), Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency, Pacific Anti- Money Laundering Project (PALP), UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), World Customs Organization (WCO), 1540 Committee member and expert. 1. Objectives Raise awareness of resolution 1540 (2004) among the Customs Heads of participating States; Dialogue with the participating delegations on the requirements of resolution 1540 (2004) that might complement their national programs; Explore how the OCO can develop and deliver assistance projects to facilitate the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004). 2. Background The OCO is one of the Pacific Islands’ regional specialised law enforcement and legal agencies that reports annually to the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS) meetings of the Forum Regional Security Committee (FRSC). Participation by the 1540 Committee in this conference was intended to follow-on directly from the New Zealand-GICNT workshop on 28 April and UNODA-organised workshop on resolution 1540 focusing on border and export controls from 29 April to 1 May. The three events were held consecutively at the same venue to facilitate travel logistics as well as reinforce complementarity of activities to support international instruments and requirements addressed by the meetings. -
Dealing with Uncertainty: Shamans, Marginal Capitalism, and the Remaking of History in Postsocialist Mongolia
MANDUHAI BUYANDELGERIYN Harvard University Dealing with uncertainty: Shamans, marginal capitalism, and the remaking of history in postsocialist Mongolia ABSTRACT ore than 15 years have passed since the collapse of social- In this article, I explore the proliferation of ism in Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, and Mongolia.1 Most previously suppressed shamanic practices among people in these regions have been subjected to unexpected, ethnic Buryats in Mongolia after the collapse of contradictory, and often confusing transformations because socialism in 1990. Contrary to the Buryats’ of the “unmaking” (Humphrey 2002) of socialism and the si- expectation that shamanism would solve the Mmultaneous arrival of a market economy and implementation of neoliberal uncertainties brought about by the market economy, economic reforms. Because the economic transformations have been the it has created additional spiritual uncertainties. As most visible and pertinent aspects of the transitions to postsocialism, a rich skeptical Buryats repeatedly propitiate their angry body of work has discussed the restructuring of property and privatization, origin spirits to alleviate the causes of their state institutions, and the rethinking of political categories (Berdahl 1999; misfortunes, they reconstruct their history, which Borneman1992,1998;BurawoyandVerdery1999;Caldwell2004;Humphrey was suppressed by state socialism. The Buryats make 2002; Verdery 1996). Scholars elsewhere have also noted that the feelings of their current calamities meaningful by placing them uncertainty, insecurity, and anxiety that result from the dangerous volatil- within the shifting history of their tragic past. The ity, disorder, and opaqueness of the market are being articulated through sense of uncertainty, fear, and disillusionment the medium of popular religion, shamanism, witchcraft, and spirit posses- experienced by the Buryats also characterizes daily sion (Comaroff and Comaroff 2000; Kendall 2003; Moore and Sanders 2001; life in places other than Mongolia. -
Science, Religion, and Fundamentalism John Hooker Osher Course April 2013 Science and Religion
Science, Religion, and Fundamentalism John Hooker Osher Course April 2013 Science and Religion • Science makes the world explicable and predictable. • This is one of the functions of religion. • There is every reason for science to be part of religion. Science and Religion • Science makes the world explicable and predictable. • This is one of the functions of religion. • There is every reason for science to be part of religion. • Historically, it has been (until mid-19th c). • We have reinvented this history. Science and Religion • There has been dispute over interpretation of scripture. • But this is not due to science. • It is a perennial phenomenon. Science and Religion • Pythagoras (570-495 bce) • First theorem in world history. • Beginning of Western mathematics. • Reassurance that humans have immortal souls. Science and Religion • Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) • Saw the universe as reflecting the glory of the Creator. • Believed that Aristotelian cosmology did not do it justice. • His heliocentric system reflected “the movements of the world machine, created for our sake by the best and most systematic Artisan of all.” • The Pope and several Catholic bishops urged him to publish his ideas. Science and Religion • Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) • Insisted that science harmonize with theology. • Rejected Copernican view partly on Biblical grounds. Science and Religion • Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) • Church was interested in science. • Pope encouraged Galileo’s research, but Galileo insulted him in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. Science and Religion • Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) • Devout Lutheran, saw evidence of the Trinity in the heavens. • His laws of planetary motion are inspired by desire to find divine order in the universe. -
Winter-Hawaii/Australia)
CELEBRITY ECLIPSE® — SEPTEMBER 2022 - APRIL 2023 (WINTER-HAWAII/AUSTRALIA) Date Nights Description Ports British Columbia: Vancouver, At Sea, At Sea, At Sea, At Sea, At Sea, Hawaii: Hilo, Hawaii: Kailua Kona, Hawaii: Lahaina, Maui (overnight), 22-Sept-22 11 Hawaii Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Honolulu, Oahu Hawaii: Honolulu, Oahu, At Sea, At Sea, At Sea, At Sea, At Sea, French Polynesia: Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia: Bora Bora, French Hawaii, Tahiti, 3-Oct-22 18 Polynesia: Moorea, At Sea, At Sea, International Date Line, At Sea, At Sea, At Sea, At Sea, New Zealand: Auckland, New Zealand: Bay of & Bora Bora Islands, At Sea, At Sea, Australia: Sydney 22-Oct-22 Australia: Sydney, At Sea, At Sea, New Zealand: Milford Sound, New Zealand: Doubtful Sound, New Zealand: Dusky Sound, New Zealand: 27-Nov-22 12 New Zealand Dunedin, New Zealand: Christchurch, New Zealand: Wellington, New Zealand: Napier, New Zealand: Tauranga, New Zealand: Auckland, 16-Feb-23 At Sea, At Sea, Australia: Sydney Australia: Sydney, At Sea, Australia: Brisbane, At Sea, Australia: Wills Island (Cruising), Australia: Port Douglas, Australia: Cairns (Yorkey’s 3-Nov-22 11 Great Barrier Reef Knob), Australia: Airlie Beach, Queensland, At Sea, At Sea, Australia: Sydney (overnight) Australia: Sydney, At Sea, At Sea, New Zealand: Milford Sound, New Zealand: Doubtful Sound, New Zealand: Dusky Sound, New 14-Nov-22 13 New Zealand Zealand: Dunedin, New Zealand: Christchurch, New Zealand: Picton, New Zealand: Napier, New Zealand: Tauranga, New Zealand: Auckland, New Zealand: Bay of -
Mathematical Modeling and Anthropology: Its Rationale, Past Successes and Future Directions
Mathematical Modeling and Anthropology: Its Rationale, Past Successes and Future Directions Dwight Read, Organizer European Meeting on Cybernetics and System Research 2002 (EMCSR 2002) April 2 - 5, 2002, University of Vienna http://www.ai.univie.ac.at/emcsr/ Abstract When anthropologists talk about their discipline as a holistic study of human societies, particularly non-western societies, mathematics and mathematical modeling does not immediately come to mind, either to persons outside of anthropology and even to most anthropologists. What does mathematics have to do with the study of religious beliefs, ideologies, rituals, kinship and the like? Or more generally, What does mathematical modeling have to do with culture? The application of statistical methods usually makes sense to the questioner when it is explained that these methods relate to the study of human societies through examining patterns in empirical data on how people behave. What is less evident, though, is how mathematical thinking can be part of the way anthropologists reason about human societies and attempt to make sense of not just behavioral patterns, but the underlying cultural framework within which these behaviors are embedded. What is not widely recognized is the way theory in cultural anthropology and mathematical theory have been brought together, thereby constructing a dynamic interplay that helps elucidate what is meant by culture, its relationship to behavior and how the notion of culture relates to concepts and theories developed not only in anthropology but in related disciplines. The interplay is complex and its justification stems from the kind of logical inquiry that is the basis of mathematical reasoning. -
Arthur Grimes**
Monetary Policy and Economic Imbalances: An Ethnographic Examination of the Arbee Rituals* Arthur Grimes** Introduction In his “Life Among the Econ” Axel Leijonhufvud (1973) took an ethnographic approach to describing the Econ tribe and, especially, two of its components: the Macro and the Micro. My purpose is to delve further into the life of the Macro, specifically examining the Arbee sub-tribe. Like Leijonhufvud, I take an ethnographic approach, having lived amongst the Arbee for two lengthy periods totalling twenty-four years. The Arbee sub-tribe that I have lived within, and will examine here, is situated in a small set of islands in the southern Pacific Ocean, that some call Aotearoa and others call New Zealand. They are related to Arbee sub-tribes elsewhere in the world through tight kinship connections.1 In ethnographic research,2 it is common to collect data through direct, first-hand observation of participants’ activities. Interviews may be used, varying from formal interviews to frequent casual small talk. Suffice to say, that no formal interviews have been adopted for this research. However there has been much first hand observation both of the Arbee people and of their relationships with other tribes and sub-tribes both in Aotearoa and beyond. The Imbalance The task of our research is to examine the nature of the Arbee reaction to claims by other tribes and sub-tribes that the Arbee rituals have caused The Imbalance in The Economy.3 Specifically, their highly formalised OC Ritual (OCR) has been blamed for creating The * I wish to thank Professor David Bettison who, in teaching me economic anthropology, taught me more about the subject of economics than did any economist before or since. -
Acting on Climate Change & Disaster Risk for the Pacific (World Bank)
Acting on Climate Change & Disaster Risk for the Pacific Picture: Ciril Jazbec Disclaimer This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data used in this work. The boundaries, colours, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. This brochure was prepared using information publically available in other World Bank publications, however, the text herein has not undergone a rigorous peer-review process. Copyright 2013 Acting on Climate Change & Disaster Risk for the Pacific The World Bank’s report “Turn Down the Heat” • In Kiribati, with the Global Environment Fund highlighted the risk that, without global action, the (GEF), Australia and New Zealand, an adaptation world could potentially be 4ºC warmer by the end project is helping the country improve water of the century, which would be devastating in many management, and initial improvements in the regions. Pacific Island Countries are on the front line capital, South Tarawa, aim to increase bulk of climate change and natural hazards. In some water supply by 20 percent. It is also working countries, tides have already flooded homes and with communities to build seawalls and has devastated livelihoods, while rising sea levels have planted over 37,000 mangroves to protect contaminated precious fresh water supplies. -
What Is Anthropology?
Chapter 1 What Is Anthropology? nthropology is the scientific study of the origin, the behaviour, and the A physical, social, and cultural development of humans. Anthropologists seek to understand what makes us human by studying human ancestors through archaeological excavation and by observing living cultures throughout the world. In this chapter, you will learn about different fields of anthropology and the major schools of thought, important theories, perspectives, and research within anthropology, as well as the work of influential anthropologists. You’ll also learn methods for conducting anthropological research and learn how to formulate your own research questions and record information. Chapter Expectations By the end of this chapter, you will: • summarize and compare major theories, perspectives, and research methods in anthropology • identify the significant contributions of influential anthropologists • outline the key ideas of the major anthropological schools of thought, and explain how they can be used to analyze features of cultural systems Fields of Anthropology • explain significant issues in different areas of anthropology Primatology Dian Fossey (1932–1985) • explain the main research methods for conducting anthropological Physical Anthropology Archaeology Cultural Anthropology research Biruté Galdikas (1946–) Jane Goodall (1934–) Sue Savage-Rumbaugh (1946–) Archaeology Forensic Human Variation Ethnology Linguistic Anthropology Key Terms Prehistoric Anthropology Charles Darwin Ruth Benedict (1887–1948) Noam Chomsky