• Skin smooth, without longitudinal folds, and • Red tint to underside of legs and lower abdomen, and • Light patch between the eyes across the snout, and • Skin smooth, without longitudinal folds, and • Longitudinal fold (dorsolateral fold) on each side, and • Red tint to underside of legs/lower abdomen, and NO NO • Dark stripe extending from the nostril across the eye to NO NO NO • Groin mottled with yellowish green and black (seen when • Solid colouration with no distinct markings • Enlarged adhesive toe-pad at the end of each digit • White, mottled underside of body and legs • Back with distinct dark spots with a light center the groin on each side the hind leg is extended)
YES YES YES YES YES YES
Pacific (Coastal) Tailed Frog Ascaphus truei Pacific Chorus Frog Pseudacris (Hyla) regilla Boreal Chorus Frog Pseudacris maculata Wood Frog Lithobates sylvaticus (Rana sylvatica) Columbia Spotted Frog Rana luteiventris Northern Red-legged Frog Rana aurora Status Special Concern (Canada); Blue list (B.C.) Status Yellow List (B.C.) Status Yellow List (B.C.) Status Yellow List (B.C.) Status Yellow List (B.C.) Status Special Concern (Canada); Blue List (B.C.) A Guide to Additional features Slender body without a longitudinal fold of skin along the sides; Additional features Slender body; tympanum (eardrum) clearly visible; a dark eye stripe Additional features Slender frog with pointed snout; tympanum (eardrum) clearly visible; Additional features Distinct dark facial mask, extending from nostril across the eye to the Additional features Longitudinal fold (dorsolateral fold) on each side; eyes point upwards; Additional features Longitudinal fold (dorsolateral fold) on each side; legs long; dark eyes with a vertical pupil (visible when not dilated); tympanum (ear drum) lacking; hind feet fully extending from each nostril across the eye to the shoulder; colour of the back and sides highly hind legs relatively short and with long toes; no distinct toe-pads; back and sides grey, greenish, shoulder, often bordered by a cream-coloured line on upper lip; tympanum (eardrum) distinct, about legs long; dark facial mask present, sometimes faint, bordered from below by cream-coloured upper facial mask present, sometimes faint, bordered from below by cream-coloured upper lip; back webbed; outer-most toe flatter and wider than other toes; adult males with a tail-like appendix variable, ranging from green to brown or black and from solid to striped or mottled; underside or tan with three distinct dark, longitudinal stripes, which may be broken into patches; adult body the size of the eye; hind legs relatively short with incomplete webbing and long toes; back and sides lip; back greenish, tan, or brown with dark spots; red undersides of legs may be lacking in small greenish, tan, or brown, often with dark spots or flecking; red undersides of legs may be lacking in Amphibians (photo A); back and sides brown, grey, or black; adult body length 30-50 mm. whitish with dark throat in breeding males; adult body length 25-50 mm. length 20-40 mm. tan, brown, or grey, solid or with indistinct dark markings; a white stripe along mid-back is often juveniles; groin without mottling; adult body length 50-100 mm. small juveniles; adult body length 50-100 mm. present; adult body length 35-50 mm. Compare with Boreal Chorus Frog, which lacks enlarged toe-pads and has a dark stripe extending beyond Compare with Pacific Chorus Frog, which has enlarged toe-pads and a dark eye stripe that does not extend Compare with Wood Frog and Northern Red-legged Frog; Wood Frogs lack red on underside of legs and Compare with Wood Frog, which lacks red on the underside, and Columbia Spotted Frog, which has eyes Frogs, Toads, Salamanders the shoulder on each side of body. beyond the shoulder; known distributions of the two species do not overlap. Compare with Columbia Spotted Frog and Northern Red-legged Frog, which are larger and have red on lower abdomen; introduced populations of Red-legged Frogs may occur locally near the coast in the north — pointing slightly upwards, unmottled groin, and undersides of legs without leg bones visible through the skin. the underside of the legs and lower abdomen. The back of Columbia Spotted Frog also has distinct dark spots. take photographs if in doubt. Introduced Red-legged Frog populations may occur locally along the coast in the north — take photographs if in doubt. of British Columbia North of 50°
BS HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE
EW BN This brochure provides a quick and easy Nearly one third (32%) of the approximately KO identification key to adult amphibians 5,750 amphibian species are at risk MG FROGS FROGS FROGS FROGS FROGS in northern B.C., with separate keys for worldwide. The situation in British Columbia FROGS KO KO salamanders and for frogs and toads. is equally bleak: 30% of the salamanders BK KO KO A EW • Read the statements in the boxes at and 64% of the frogs and toads are listed KO as species of concern either federally, WL SK PG D&MM the top of the page as questions. The Tailed Frog occurs along the coastal mainland up to the Alaska PG provincially, or both. Even common and Natural History • If your answer to all questions is panhandle and inland along the Coast Mountains. These frogs inhabit cold, clear, rocky streams D&MM BS widespread species such as the Western KO yes, proceed to read down the page and adjacent forest from near sea level to subalpine areas. The frogs mate in the autumn; females Natural History This species has a wide distribution in North America but in B.C. occurs only Toad and Columbia Spotted Frog are Natural History This species has a wide distribution across the southern third of B.C. and KO to learn more about the species. in the northeast. It is cold-adapted and ranges to high latitudes and altitudes. These frogs inhabit Natural History This species has a wide distribution in North America and occurs farther showing signs of decline in parts of the store sperm and lay eggs the following summer in stream habitat. The eggs are unpigmented and ranges farthest north in the east-central part of the province. It has been introduced to Haida Natural History This species has a wide distribution in northern B.C. These frogs breed in wetlands, meadows, and moist woodlands. They breed in a wide range of water bodies but prefer north than any other amphibian in Canada. These frogs are cold-adapted and have physiological • If the answer is no, proceed to the province. in gelatinous strings attached to the underside of rocks. Tadpoles are dark brown or black and have Gwaii. These frogs inhabit open woodlands, forest edges, and marshlands. They breed in a variety permanent ponds, shallow lakes, and slow-flowing portions of streams very early in the spring. shallow, seasonal ponds. Males start calling very early in the spring from ponds still partially covered adaptations that enable them to withstand freezing. These frogs occupy a variety of habitats and Natural History In northern B.C., this frog occurs on Graham Island, where it is possibly next page and onwards, until you a white spot near the tail tip. They cling to rocks with their large, sucker-like mouth. Tadpoles spend of seasonal and permanent ponds and wetlands with abundant aquatic and emergent vegetation, Breeding males are vocal but their low-pitched calls are faint; a full chorus has been described as a Northern B.C. is especially important for with ice. Females lay multiple clutches of 5-75 eggs in small (about 25 mm diam.) clusters attached can be found in wetlands, muskeg, forest, and meadows. They breed in shallow ponds and wetlands introduced. An introduced population is also known from coastal Alaska, well north of the species’ reach a box where you answer yes several years in streams, and forage by scraping algae off rocks. Juvenile and adult frogs usually occur where males form loud breeding choruses. Females lay multiple small (<5 cm diam.) egg clusters of “quiet whisper over the surface of the water”. Females lay a large floating cluster of up to 800 eggs, the conservation of amphibians as it is not to submerged vegetation. Tadpoles are dark greenish or black with gold flecks; the eyes are on the very early in the spring when temperatures are just above freezing. Males congregate in breeding natural range. Red-legged Frogs inhabit wetlands and moist forests. They breed in marshes, ponds, to all the questions. close to streams but on wet nights may travel farther into the forest. These frogs mature slowly and 10-80 eggs from early spring to early summer. Tadpoles vary from greenish to tan and dark brown usually communally with other females. Tadpoles have a globular body and a tail with a high dorsal under the same development pressures sides of the head, protruding beyond the outline of the body (in top view). Tadpoles metamorphose choruses and advertise their presence by loud duck-like quacks. Females lay a globular mass of up lakes, and slow-moving sections of streams. While vocal during the breeding season, they are seldom • Refrain from handling amphibians have a lifespan of 15-20 years. Tadpoles can be abundant, but adult frogs are usually difficult to find. with indistinct mottling and brassy flecking. The body is somewhat square in shape, and the eyes are fin; the tail is long, more than 1.5 times the body length. They metamorphose by late summer of the as southern regions. Northern areas may by late summer. Juvenile and adult frogs overwinter on land and have physiological adaptations to 1500 eggs, often communally near egg masses of other females. Tadpoles have a short, round heard, as males usually call while submerged under water. Eggs are laid very early in the spring unless absolutely necessary. at the sides, protruding beyond the dark outline of the head (in top view). Tadpoles metamorphose same year but may overwinter in northern localities. Juvenile and adult frogs may forage in riparian form strongholds for amphibians that Vulnerability and Threats Tailed Frogs are vulnerable to changes in their stream habitat, that enable them to survive freezing. Individual frogs are thought to mature early and live only a body and are black or dark brown with gold flecks. Development is rapid, and tadpoles usually during a short breeding season. Eggs are in large (about 10-15 cm diam.) globular clusters of soft Amphibian skin is very sensitive to from late spring to summer. Juvenile and adult frogs forage in riparian areas and other moist areas and wet meadows but are seldom found far from water. Metamorphosed juveniles and adults are declining farther south. This role is including siltation and altered water temperature and flow that may result from forestry, power few years. Boreal Chorus Frogs are difficult to find outside the breeding season, and their habits are metamorphose by mid-summer. Juvenile and adult frogs can be found far from water bodies and jelly with up to about 2000 eggs. Tadpoles have a globular body and a tail with a high dorsal fin; the contaminants, such as sunscreen or habitats. They are nimble climbers and often forage among shrubs and bushes and may be found overwinter in the bottom of deeper water bodies. expected to increase in importance in production, road building, or other development activities. They are also vulnerable to fragmentation poorly understood. overwinter on land. tail is rarely more than 1.5 times the length of the body. Metamorphosis usually occurs by mid- insect repellent on our hands. climbing walls of buildings. While on land, males produce a short “dry-land” call that differs from the face of climate change, as warmer and loss of foraging habitat in the forest adjacent to streams. Vulnerability and Threats Apparently healthy populations remain in many areas of summer. Adults and juveniles can be found on the forest floor, often along stream banks or pools but their breeding call. The Boreal Chorus Frog appears to be secure in B.C., but very • If in doubt, take photographs and and drier conditions in the south may Vulnerability and Threats Vulnerability and Threats The status of populations in B.C. is poorly known. Livestock B.C., but anecdotal observations suggest that the frogs have disappeared from some areas where sometimes far from water in moist habitats. Remarks Tailed Frogs are unique in many ways including reduced lungs, presence of ribs in little is known of its distribution and status of populations here and elsewhere within its range. Local confirm with BC Frogwatch contact. result in northward range shifts for many grazing, introduced fish, and resource extraction, including logging, may threaten local populations. they were formerly abundant. Draining of wetlands, disturbance to shoreline vegetation, fish adults, tongue attached to the back of the mouth, and presence of tail-like appendix in males that is Vulnerability and Threats The Pacific Chorus Frog appears to be secure in B.C., but local populations may be at risk from human activities that alter habitats. Vulnerability and Threats Within its natural range in southwestern B.C., threats include amphibians. We need improved monitoring introductions, and epidemic disease can all result in population declines or loss. The closely related used for internal fertilization. A second species, the Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog (A. montanus) occurs populations are at risk from urban development and other human activities that alter habitats. Loss Remarks Frogs in western North America are genetically unique, reflecting their survival and habitat loss and fragmentation from development and logging, fish introductions, and epidemic of amphibians of northern B.C. both Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) has all but disappeared from much of its former range, and in southeastern B.C. of seasonal wetlands, fish introductions, pesticides and other contaminants place local populations Remarks Much of what is known of the species is derived from studies in eastern North America. subsequent dispersal from glacial refugia such as Beringia. disease. Documenting populations at the northern limits of the species’ natural range and the for management and for conservation other members of the genus Rana have undergone precipitous declines in western North America. at risk. Even basic natural history information for populations in the west, including B.C., is lacking. presence of possible introductions is important. planning. SALAMANDERS mortality duringmassmigrations to andfrommortality breeding sites. due to resource isof concern. Newts andotherhumanactivities are vulnerable extraction to road- B.C. islacking. innorthern information ondistributionsandlife history Fragmentation ofhabitat The docileandharmlessto humans. newts are otherwise Roughskin Newt body lengthupto 80mm. adults; backandsidessolidbrown withnostripesormarkings; total lengthupto 185mm;adult particularly males, may remainparticularly intheaquatic habitat throughout theyear. When notbreeding, befound newtscan intheforest, often farfrom water. individuals, Some metamorphose inlate summerofthesameyear butmay overwinter at higheraltitudes orlatitudes. sides. The snoutispointed witheyes onthesidesofhead(top viewphoto usually A). Larvae havetan, andtheundersidehasanorange rows tint; olderlarvae 2-3distinct ofyellow dotsonthe eggs singlyonthin-stemmed submerged plants; eggsare are usuallywell hidden.Larvae translucent and shallow lakes massmigrations andundertake to thesesites inearlyspring. Females attach their river valleys. The newtsinhabitwetlands andadjacent forests. They breed inditches, marshes, ponds, Rem bilty Vulnera Na Additonal Status YE l tura arks S ( • •
Yellow List (B.C.) No distinc Orange underside, costal groov
Histor Newts are extremely poisonous ifingested, andmostpotential predators avoid them.
fea WL and tures y t rib alongthePacificThis speciesranges farnorth Coast andinlandalongmajor KO es) Threa -lik
Robustbody; skin rough inbreeding anddry, butsmooth andslippery e foldsandgroov and Taricha granulosa ts
Littleisknown ofthestatus ofpopulations, andeven basic A es onsideofbody KO GN NO
SALAMANDERS debris are retained. toleratecan somehabitat disturbance, provided that moistforest floor conditions and coarse woody vulnerable to changesto theirforest habitat from However, loggingorotherhumanactivities. they nothingisknown ofthestatusknown, ofpopulations andvirtually in B.C. These salamanders are Common Ensatina leg isbright yellow; total lengthupto 125mm;adultbodylengthupto 50-60mm. small juveniles are mottledblackordarkgrey withlighter flecking (photo A), andthebaseofeach (without aridge)asinsemi-aquatic salamanders;colour usuallyuniform, translucent pinkish brown; miniature adultsinbodyform. Ensatinas take 3-4years to mature andmay live 15years ormore. well hiddenandseldomfound. There stage, isnoaquatic andnewlyhatched larval young resemble on theforest floorinthespringand remains withthemuntil theyhatch intheautumn. Eggs are in off bark, rodent burrows, orinothermoistcrevices. The female lays 8-10eggsinamoistlocation to adultontheforest floor. They shelter underorwithindecaying logs, stumps, orpilesofsloughed- locations. Ensatinas inhabitabroad range offorest types, where theyspendtheirentire life from egg Additonal Status bilty Vulnera Na YE l tura S • • Yellow List(B.C.) Constric Small andslende
Histor
fea tion atthebaseoftail and tures y North of the Sunshine Coast, oftheSunshine North thisspeciesisknown from onlyafew isolated Thr ea
Eyes large; limbsrelatively long;tailrounded rather thankeeled r, A ML and ts
Northern distributionallimitsof thisspeciesare poorly very Northern Ensatina eschscholtzii TD SC NO
SALAMANDERS 105 mm. the sides, andtailridgeare lighter incolour; total lengthupto 250mm;adultbodylengthup to dark brown, occasionally withlighter, yellowish specks;poisonglandslocated oncheeks, folds along breeding sites. populations.local These salamandersare duringmigrations vulnerable to to road-mortality andfrom populations. Habitat lossandfragmentation dueto resource ordevelopment threaten extraction can are poorlyknown. Inparticular, more information isrequired onthelocation and status ofneotenic Northwestern Salamander retain larval characteristics into characteristics retain adulthood(neotenic larval populations) andnever leave water. burrows, orothermoisthollows orcrevices ontheforest floor. At somelocalities, thesalamanders where theyforage. They are secretive andshelter underdecaying rodent logsorinpilesofbark, before metamorphosis. When notbreeding, befound thesalamanderscan inmoistforest habitats, a blunt snout. Yellowish poison glandsare evident inlarger usuallyoverwinter individuals. Larvae egg agreenish tint. are Larvae olive brown withlarge darkspotsandhave bushy, gillsand plume-like but later at highlatitudes oraltitudes. symbioticalgaewillgrow Often, inthejellylayer givingeach lakes adjacent to theforest. The female lays afirm,globularcluster ofabout50eggsinearlyspring growth forest. They breed inpermanent ponds, ofcreeks slow-moving orrivers, portions orshallow river valleys. The salamandersoccupy wetlands andadjacent moistforest habitats, especiallyold- bilty Vulnera Na Additonal Status YE l tura S
• • Yellow List(B.C.)
Distinc Large androbust
Histor
fea t rib and tures y alongthePacificThis speciesranges farnorth Coast andinlandalongmajor -lik Threa e folds(costalgroo Tail keeled (witharidge)rather thanrounded; backandsidessolid , and ts EW The B.C. distributionandstatus ofpopulations innorthern TD ve s) onsideofbod Ambystoma gracile KO y NO
SALAMANDERS lakes. populations. Introduced fishare considered athreat, especially neotenic populations inmountain are poorlyknown. Inparticular, more information isrequired onthelocation and status ofneotenic Long-toed Salamander total lengthupto 165mm;adultbodylengthupto 85mm. hind foot; tailkeeled (witharidge)rather thanrounded; sides blackordarkgrey withlight flecking; retain larval characteristics into characteristics retain adulthood(neotenic larval populations) andnever leave thewater. or rocks, rodent inpilesofbark, burrows, orothermoisthollows. At thesalamanders some localities in theforest ormeadows, seldomfarfrom water. They are secretive andshelter underdecaying logs overwinter, especiallyat higherlatitudes andaltitudes. When notbreeding, thesalamandersforage The snoutisbroad (photo usuallymetamorphoseinlate A). Larvae summerofthesameyear butmay with finedarker flecking; thegillsappear oftenorderly and have alongspike neartipofgillstalk. female lays earlyinthespring. eggssinglyorinsmallclusters are very Larvae brownish grey or tan meadows. They breed inshallow poolsandpondsoften withabundant aquatic vegetation. The salamanders have broad habitat requirements andoccupy wetlands andadjacent forests and Long-toed (A. m.krausei Salamander ) andEastern Long-toed (A.m.columbianum Salamander ). Notes bilty Vulnera Na Additonal Status YE l tura S • • Three subspeciesare known from regions: B.C., Northern two of whichoccur innorthern Yellow List(B.C.) Y blotches Stripe oftenwithraggededgesorma ellowish orgreenishstripealongmid-backandtail
Histor
fea and tures y KO This B.C. speciesisthemost widespread salamanderinnorthern The Threa
Exceptionally toe (second longfourth from theoutside)oneach ts The distributionandstatus ofpopulations throughout B.C. A KO KO Ambystoma macrodactylum y bebrok en into , and KO
FROGS vulnerable to road-mortality, barriersto movement, andpesticideapplications. dendrobatidis), whichislinked to many amphibiandeclines. mass migrations During toads are B.C. andintheU.S.A. vulnerableThey to areafungalpathogen (Batrachochytrium particularly Compare Basin Spadefoot withGreat , whichlacksparotoid smoother, glandsandhas skin. soft Western Toad ring; adultbodylength60-125mm. toadlets); raised onthebodyoften reddish poisonglands(“warts”) brown, surrounded by adark brown, grey, withorwithoutmottling;light linealongmid-back(may orblack, belacking insmall meadows, orforest andoverwinter onland. befound theycan farfrom Sometimes water. from breeding sites to foraging and hibernation sites. Juvenile andadulttoads forage inwetlands, aggregations inshallow warm water. Inthesummer, metamorphosedtoadlets migrate enmasse communally, oneclutch upontheother. Tadpoles are smallandblacktend to form large, dense small blackeggsinlongstringsat traditional breeding sites. Females deposit theireggs typically and shallow edgesoflakes, usuallywithsandybottoms. The female lays aclutch ofthousands wetlands, meadows, offorest andavariety types. They breed ofstreams, inponds, slow portions bilty Vulnera Additonal Status Na YE l tura S • • Special Concern Special (Canada); Yellow List(B.C.) Sk the ey Pronounced ovalpoisongland(parotoidgland)behind
Histor in
“war fea e (photoA) A KO JG and tures y ty This speciesiswidespread throughout theprovince. The toads inhabit ”, and Threa
Anaxyrus (Bufo) boreas Anaxyrus Stocky body and short legs;colour variable, Stocky bodyandshort from greenish to tan, ts PG Western Toads have undergone drastic declinesinsouthern KO NO KO
FROGS light streaks andsmalldarker blotches alongtheback;adultbodylength40-65mm underside ofeachhindfoot (photo A); colour light grey, greenish, orbrown withtwo irregular round knobindistinct; black tubercle ontop (spade)onthe ofheadbetween eyes; sharp-edged, (mud-bogging). Road mortality isalsoofconcern. (mud-bogging). Road mortality development, wetland drainage, livestock ranching, pesticide use, andoff-road recreational vehicles B.C. habitats Suitable are shrinking anddegrading asaresult agricultural ofbuilding construction, Great Basin Spadefoot pronounced “warts” Compare withWestern Toad prominent, whichhas parotoid (cheek) glandsandrougher with skin buried underground when conditions are unsuitablefor activity. hatching, sometimesenmasse. Spadefootsare adapted longperiodsinadormant to state survive a triangularsnout. Metamorphosed juveniles dispersefrom breeding sites about4-8weeks after tadpoles develop rapidly. Tadpoles are raised withclose-set, eyes, distinctive aglobularbody, and seasonal poolsorshallow edgesoflakes from springto earlysummer. Eggs hatch withindays, and loose sandysoilswhere they burrow into thesubstrate orshelter inrodent burrows. They breed in grasslands and woodlands from valley bottoms to elevations upto 1800m. They prefer areas with distributional limitsofthespecies(southernCariboo) continue to befound inB.C. Spadefootsoccupy Mountains and Coast Mountain Range. Previously undocumented populations nearthenorthern bilty Vulnera Na Additonal Status YE l tura S • •
Ey Squat bodyandshor Threatened (Canada); List(B.C.) Blue
Histor es withve
fea and tures y This speciesoccurs inaridandsemi-aridregions between theRocky WL r Threa tic Skin relatively eyes smoothandsoft; large; (eardrum) tympanum al pupil(seenwhennotdilated) PG ts t, LR blunt Spadefoots are declining in southern parts oftheirrange in Spadefootsare declininginsouthernparts A “ Spea intermontanaSpea pug-lik e” PG snout , and
NO Prepared by: andPurnima KristiinaOvaska Govindarajulu, May 2010 Nafis Bradford(GN), Gary Ovaska (KO), Norman (BN),Kristiina RamsayLeah Brian Slough(BS), (LR), Elke Wind (EW). Joyce Klinkenberg GrossKinsey(SK),Brian Sandra (JG), (BK), William Leonard MarkLeppin (ML),D. (WL), andM.McIvor (D&MM), Photography by: Collins Suzanne (SC), Ted Davis Purnima (TD), Govindarajulu Graziano (PG),Michael (MG), Identify aquatic andprotect breeding sites andassociated terrestrial habitats duringresource, • • ofdeadordyingfrogs Record observations that andreport may indicate epidemicdisease, • Record road-kill to andreport observations helpidentify amphibianmovement corridors • • • • JoinBCF • during massmigrations to andfrom breeding sites. vulnerable toare road-mortality, particularly barriersto movement, andpesticideapplications both terrestrial ofpopulations. habitats and breeding for thesurvival Amphibians sites isimportant meadows surrounding breeding sites, andsomewander farfrom water. Protecting theintegrity of to breed successfully inwater bodieswithintroduced fish. Amphibians forage inthe forest and breeding sitesimportant reduce can theirnumbersover awidearea. Many amphibiansare unable aquatic habitats for breeding, often inlarge numbers. Wetland drainage orcontamination of B.C. All frogs are andmostsalamandersfound innorthern semi-aquatic andgather at suitable to beeffective. efforts conservation and status ofamphibianpopulations andthreats facingthemisneededfor management and healthy areas populations. stillappearto support northern Abetter understandingofdistributions regions ofB.C.Northern are inauniquepositionto monitor andprotect many amphibiansbecause www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/BMP/herptile/HerptileBMP_final.pdf) and agricultural urban development . Apply best formanagement practices amphibians (http:// amphibian_disease.htm) spreading pathogens to amphibianshabitats (http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frogwatch/ T amphibian_disease.htm) contamination, orothercatastrophic events (http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frogwatch/ resource development andotherhumanactivities information onpopulation trends inprotected benchmarkareas to andinareas subjected O withphotographs observations document (http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frogwatch/) L BC F ake precautionssuchascleaningwaders, netsandotherfieldgearto avoid inadvertently ofE Ministry ocal n abroader scale, establishanetwork ofamphibianmonitoring sites to provide baseline rogWatch Program (http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frogwatch/) rogwatch occurrences to andreport helpbetter delineate amphibiandistributions; nvironment representative (http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/main/regions.html) WHERE TO REPORT OBSERVATIONS? CONSERVATION OFAMPHIBIANS WHAT BEDONE? CAN