DOCSLIB.ORG

2.Tests for Krok 2 Industrial Technology of Drugs 1.Pdf 836.59KB

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2.Tests for Krok 2 Industrial Technology of Drugs 1.Pdf 836.59KB 1. Analytical normative documentation, technological processes and devices 1. A pharmaceutical enterprise starts to produce a new production. In which part of an industrial technological regulation the external look, physicochemical properties of the prepared product are described ? A. description of the technological process B. characteristics of prepared production C. characteristics of raw material and intermediate product D. characteristics of auxiliary raw material E. informative materials 2. In which part of an industrial technological regulation the sanitary preparation of the working area is described? A. labour safety standards, fire safety and manufacture sanitation B. description the stages of the technological process and manufacture sanitation C. informative materials D. general characteristics of manufacture E. safe exploitation of the manufacture, manufacture preservation of the environ- ment 3. Choose an analytical normative document which qualifies the standards of composition of the medical preparation and process of its production: A. technological regulation, pharmacopoeia article B. technical regulation C. state standard D. branch standard E. technical conditions 4. Various preparations are produced in a pharmaceutical factory according to technological rules. How long is industrial manufacturing rules are valid? A. 6 months B. 1 year C. 3 years D. 5 years E. 8 years 5. Indicate an analytical normative document that is confirmed only for the lim- ited term and determines the quality standards of the medicine: A. state standard B. technical regulation (TR) C. temporary pharmacopoeia article D. branch standard E. technical conditions 6. This normative document comprises requirements to concrete products and services, regulates relations between a supplier and customer. Give the term to the definition: A. standard B. technical conditions C. technical regulations D. technological regulations E. methodological guidelines 7. Choose the most appropriate definition of output-input characteristics (factor of account): A. correlation of the initial amount of materials to the mass of prepared product and by-product B. correlation of the mass of product to the mass of initial materials C. correlation of the mass of losses to the mass of initial materials D. correlation of the mass of initial materials to the mass of final product E. correlation sum of the initial materials and prepared product to the mass of material losses 8. Choose the economic requirements to the materials and apparatus : A. Equipment investments, designing expenses, expenses for production and assembling B. accordance of the temperature C. rate of movement D. comfort of exploitation E. stocked durability 9. According to the demand of GMP WHO the production of sterile preparations at the factory are classified on “clean” areas. Choose classes of cleanness in accordance with the requirements of the characteristic of an air: A. A, B B. A, B, C, D C. I, II, III D. I, II E. A, Б, В, Г, Д 10. What devices are commonly used for mixing of dry substances and powders? A. mixers with a corps which is revolved B. quasi-liquefaction apparatus C. mixers of centrifugal action D. oscillation sieves E. many-tier sieves 2 11. Different types of dryers are used to dry the granules.What type of dryer does SP-30 belong to? A. dryers with a quasi-liquefaction layer B. sublimation dryer C. infra-red dryer D. dryer with a silica gel E. dryer with the forced circulation of air 12. Powders are prepared at the pharmaceutical enterprise. What apparatus is used for drying powders which have a residual moisture? A. air-circulation dryer B. chamber vacuum dryer C. sublimation dryer D. dryer SG-30 E. vacuum drying oven (cupboard) 13. A pharmaceutical enterprise produces powders for preparing injections. What apparatus is used for drying these powders? A. chamber vacuum dryer B. sublimation dryer C. spray(-type) dryer D. dryer SG-30 with quasi-liquefaction layer E. air-circulation dryer 14. Different types of dryers are used at a pharmaceutical enterprise. What dryers belong to contact dryers? A. roll dryers B. band dryers C. air-circulation dryers D. pneumatic dryers E. nebulizing dryers 15. Different types of dryers are used in the process of preparing phyto- and or- ganopreparations. Which type of dryer is used to dry thermolabile substances? A. drum dryer B. roll dryer C. band dryer D. drying oven E. freeze dryer 16. What kind of moisture is firmly bounded to the material and does not fully retire at drying: A. equilibrium moisture B. crystalline moisture C. free moisture D. external moisture E. osmotic moisture 3 17. What devices are used for fine grinding (atomizing) of medical matters at the pharmaceutical enterprise? A. roll blenders B. disintegrators C. dismembrators D. root cutter, grass cutter E. drum mills, vibration mills 18. What kind of equipment is used for fine grinding of medical matters at the pharmaceutical enterprises? A. dezintegrator, hammer mills B. roll blender C. drum mills D. gringing mill E. vibration mills 19. Choose an equipment for moderate grinding of raw plant material: A. drum mills B. vibration mills C. root cutter and grass cutter devices D. rod mill E. jet(-type) mill 20. Devices for grinding substances are classified according to the methods of grinding. What kind of equipment the roller blender belongs to? A. rubbing machines B. abrasive machines C. percussive machines D. crushing machines E. shock centrifugal machines 21. What kind of mixers don’t have revolved details? A. drum mixers B. mixers with pseudofluidized layer C. blade mixers D. double-cone mixers E. centrifugal mixers 22. Describe the principle of operation of a jet-type mill: A. grinding of material takes place in an aerocarrier (air, rare gas), which works on a high speed B. particles of material vibrating in the self-weighted layer, concussion with bodies during grinding and abrasion C. material is grinding into a circulating frame under the action of bodies which grind D. material is grinding under the action of two centrifugal rollers which are revolved E. grinding under the action of centrifugal force 4 23. What kind of sieves can be used for sifting moist material? A. mechanical sieves B. screen grate C. many-tier shake sieves D. vibration sieves E. gyration sieves 24. What is meant under the term "bulk weight "? A. correlation of the mass of tablet to its height B. correlation of height of powder in the die to the height of tablet C. correlation of the mass to volume of freely-poured material D. correlation of the mass of tablet to its diameter E. correlation of bulk density to real density 25. Choose the correct mixer with rotation blades: A. vehicle with quasi-liquefaction of friable material B. a mixer of centrifugal action with a rotary-type frame C. worm-blade mixer D. tumbler-blender E. mixer T200 “Turbula” 26. Choose the correct mixer with rotation frame: A. ball mills B. worm-blade mixers C. vehicle with quasi-liquefaction layer D. dismembrators E. rotory- pulsation apparatus 27. A pharmaceutical enterprise buys equipment for sifting of friable materials. According to UP XI, linens for sieves must be made of: A. kapron, cotton, gauze, unbleached calico B. fabric net with square holes, latticed linens, silk fabrics C. fabric net with square holes, gauze, kapron fabrics D. copper wire, latticed linens , silk fabrics , kapron E. kapron fabrics, gauze, unbleached calico 28. Different equipment is used by the pharmaceutical enterprises in the produc- tion of solutions. What vehicles are used for mechanical mixing of liquids? A. reactors B. pulsator C. blade mixers, anchor mixers, turbine mixers D. liquid whistles E. pump 5 29. While using the acoustic interfusion a hard phase is grinding for account of: A. initiation of the phenomenon of cavitation B. turbulent flow of liquid C. electrodialysis D. high-voltage discharge E. electroplasmolysis 30. Choose the convective dryers: A. dryer with quasi-liquefaction layer , vacuum drying oven (cupboard) B. vacuum drying oven , roller vacuum-dryer, dryer with infra-red rays C. air-circulation dryers, band dryers, two rollers freeze-dryer D. chamber-type, tunnel, band, drum, aerofountain, dryer with quasi- liquefaction layer , nebulizing dryer E. high-frequency dryer, freeze- dryer, chamber, tunnel dryer, drum dryer 31. Different apparatuses are used for filtration of solutions. What filters are used for vacuum filtration? A. centrifuges B. druk filters C. frame filters-presses D. bag filters E. nutsch filters 32. On the technological stage "Precondition of water" during the production of liquid medicinal preparations utillize a different equipment for the water purified obtaining. What is the main principle of work of three-stage horizontal aqueous-distiller? A. on pumping out the steam by compressor from steam space with a next compres- sion B. steam, formed in one section is used for heating of next section C. on the coercible of repeated steam with the next entering to condenser D. on creation of rarefaction 0,88 atm, simmer of water in pipes at the temperature 96-100°С E. on boiling the water in pipes at the temperature 100°С 33. On the technological stage “Precondition of water” in the production of solutions for injections utillize a different equipment for water for injections obtaining. What is the main principle of work of thermocompression aqueous- distiller? A. creation of rarefaction 0,88 atm, simmer of water in pipes at the temperature 96- 100С B. steam, formed in one section is used for heating of next section C. pumping out the steam by compressor from steam space with a next compression D. steam distillation, that formes the boiling water E. deleting the steam from the surface of membranes in the stream of rare gas 6 34. Choose the principle of work of the industrial apparatus for obtaining the wa- ter for injections: A. revers osmosis B. distillation C. ultrafiltration D. dialysis E.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ultrasound Induced Destruction of Emerging Contaminants
    ULTRASOUND INDUCED DESTRUCTION OF EMERGING CONTAMINANTS A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Gangadhar Andaluri JANUARY 2011 Examining Committee Members: Rominder Suri, Advisory Chair, Civil and Environmental Engineering Saroj Biswas, Electrical Engineering Benoit Van Aken, Civil and Environmental Engineering Tony Singh, Civil and Environmental Engineering Svetlana Neretina, Mechanical Engineering © by Gangadhar Andaluri 2010 All Rights Reserved i ABSTRACT There are many reports indicating the presence of emerging contaminants such as: estrogen hormones, 1,4-dioxane and perfluoro-octanoic acids in the natural environment. Estrogen hormones are considered important emerging class of contaminants due to their endocrine disrupting effects. These compounds are invariably found in the environment originating mostly from natural sources. Trace concentrations of estrogen hormones (low µg/L concentrations) have been detected in municipal wastewater treatment plants and observed in receiving water bodies. 1,4-Dioxane (C4H8O2) is used as an organic solvent and solvent stabilizer numerous in chemical processes. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) has recognized 1,4-dioxane as a toxic chemical and a possible human carcinogen. 1,4-dioxane has been detected as a contaminant in the natural environment, drinking water supplies, superfund sites, public groundwater sources in the United States, Canada and Japan at concentrations greater than the permissible standards. Perfluorinated chemicals such as perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane-sulfonate (PFOS) have been manufactured for use in a variety of industrial and consumer applications. Due to their environmental persistence, PFOAs have been detected in surface waters at a number of locations at concentrations ranging from pg/L to ng/L.
    [Show full text]
  • Amr>R (MARATHI) {Dkmz H$Wm {Díd
    Total No. of Questions : 3] [Total No. of Pages : 1 P575 [3617]-131 S.Y. B.Sc. (Sem. - I) _amR>r (MARATHI) {dkmZ H$Wm {díd doi 2 Vmg] [EHy$U JwU 40 gyMZm - 1) gd© àíZ gmoS>{dUo Amdí`H$ AmhoV. 2) COdrH$S>rb A§H$ àíZm§Mo nyU© JwU Xe©{dVmV. àíZ 1) nwT>rbn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr EH$m {df`mda 400 eãXm§n`ªV {Z~§Y {bhm. [10] A) ^maVmMr Mm§Ð_mohr_ ~) EH${dgmdo eVH$ Am{U ^maV H$) nhmQ>oMr ^«_§Vr ..... (b{bV) àíZ 2) ~m{~©Ho$ZZo H$mT>bobr AZw_mZo "M§ÐbmoH$Mr g\$a' `m H$WoÀ`m AmYmao gmoXmhaU ñnï> H$am.[15] qH$dm ~Ý`m~mnybm `§Ì_mZdmZo {Xbobr dmJUyH$ "`§Ì_mZdmÀ`m hmVmZo' `m H$WoÀ`m AmYmao {deX H$am. àíZ 3) Qrnm {bhm. (H$moUË`mhr VrZ) [15] A) "H$ZoeZ' H$WoVrb {_ñQ>a CXmg. ~) S>m°. g_ra gXmdV} `m§Mo Va§JÊ`mMo ñdßZ. H$) S>m°. {dH$mg _mQ>o `m§Mm _¥Ë`y. S>) S>m°. Am°W©a AmohoZnr_a. B) "`§Ìm§Zr Ho$b§ ~§S>' _Yrb XrnH$. \$) {dkmZ H$WoMr d¡{eîQ>ço. rrr Total No. of Questions : 3] [Total No. of Pages : 2 P576 [3617]-132 {ÛVr` df © {dkmZ (àW_ gÌ) S.Y. B.Sc. (Sem. - I) qhXr (Hindi) (Z`m nmR>çH$_« - 2008 n°Q>Z©) g_` : 2 K§Q>o ][>nUmy H$ª : 40 nmR>ç-nwñVH|$ - i) à{V{Z{Y H$hm{Z`m± qhXr {d^mJ, Eg.EZ.S>r.Q>r.
    [Show full text]
  • 1229 Final Report 15.10.04 SF
    REMOVAL OF ORGANIC FOULANTS FROM MEMBRANES BY USE OF ULTRASOUND Report to the WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION by C Aldrich and BC Qi University of Stellenbosch WRC Report No 1229/1/05 ISBN No 1-77005-313-1 JULY 2005 Disclaimer This report emanates from a project financed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and is approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC or the members of the project steering committee, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In filtration where porous membranes are used, the most important disadvantage is the reduced permeate flux owing to fouling of the membranes. Fouling is caused by pore plugging and adsorption of rejected macro molecules or other solutes in the membrane system. This requires periodic cleaning of membranes, which can add considerably to the overall cost of plant operation owing to lost productivity related to down-time, the cost of the chemicals used in cleaning, higher pressures and associated pumping costs to maintain membrane productivity, as well as reduced lifetime of the membranes. Rationale of Study Ultrasound has been identified as a promising approach to combating fouling in mem- branes. In principle it can be used on-line and may even eliminate the use of chemical cleaning or alternative measures completely, which could lead to major advances in the development and implementation of membrane technology. However, these conclusions have been based on small-scale laboratory studies, which have not taken the economic feasibility of the approach into account.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Power Ultrasound Treatments on Properties of Longissimus Beef Muscle Gustavo Mario Gonzalez Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2003 Effects of power ultrasound treatments on properties of Longissimus beef muscle Gustavo Mario Gonzalez Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Food Science Commons Recommended Citation Gonzalez, Gustavo Mario, "Effects of power ultrasound treatments on properties of Longissimus beef muscle " (2003). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 1432. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/1432 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Effects of power ultrasound treatments on properties of Longfss/mus beef muscle by Gustavo Mario Gonzalez A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Meat Science Program of Study Committee: Joseph C. Cordray, Major Professor Michael J. Daniels James S. Dickson Mani Mina Robert E. Rust Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2003 Copyright © Gustavo Mario Gonzalez Salinas, 2003. All rights reserved. UMI Number: 3105075 Copyright 2003 by Gonzalez, Gustavo Mario All rights reserved. UMI UMI Microform 3105075 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Emulsification Using a В€Œsonolator∕ Liquid Whistle
    University of Birmingham Emulsification using a “Sonolator” liquid whistle: A new correlation for droplet size from pilot-scale experiments Ryan, David J.; Simmons, Mark J.h.; Baker, Michael R.; Kowalski, Adam J. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.004 License: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY) Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (Harvard): Ryan, DJ, Simmons, MJH, Baker, MR & Kowalski, AJ 2018, 'Emulsification using a “Sonolator” liquid whistle: A new correlation for droplet size from pilot-scale experiments', Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 189, pp. 369- 379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.004 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: David J. Ryan, Michael R. Baker, Adam J. Kowalski, Mark J. H. Simmons, Emulsification using a “Sonolator” liquid whistle: A new correlation for droplet size from pilot-scale experiments, Chemical Engineering Science, 189, 2018, 369-379. General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutical Emulsions
    Department of Pharmacy GP (Uttawar) Topics to be Covered … 1 Emulsions - Basic Intro 2 Stability of Emulsions 3 Manufacturing of Emulsions 4 Tests for Emulsion Type 5 Pharmaceutical Application EMULSION- BASIC INTRO Section contains: Introduction Types of emulsions Classification of Emulsions Theories of emulsification Additives for formulation of emulsion What are Emulsions? Dispersion System Emulsion Suspension is a dispersion in is a two phased which the dispersed system in which a phase is composed finely divided solid is of small globules of dispersed in a a liquid distributed continuous phase of throughout a vehicle solid, liquid, or gas. in which it is immiscible Emulsions (Definition) An emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable system consisting of at least two immiscible liquid phases one of A.: Two immiscible liquids not which is dispersed as globules emulsified in the other liquid phase B.An emulsion of phase B dispersed in Phase A stabilized by a third substance C. Unstable emulsion slowly called emulsifying agent. separates. D. The emulsifying agent -OR- ( black film) places it self on the interface between phase A and phase B and stabilizes the emulsion. An emulsion is a dispersion in which the dispersed phase is composed of small globules of a liquid distributed throughout a vehicle in which it is immiscible. Internal Phase or External Phase in Emulsions The dispersed liquid is known as the Internal or Discontinuous phase. The droplet phase is called the dispersed phase or internal phase whereas the dispersion medium is known as the External or Continuous phase The liquid in which droplets are dispersed is called the external or continuous phase.
    [Show full text]
  • Question Bank MB 211-- General and Environmental Microbiology
    NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY JALGAON QUESTION - BANK S.Y.B.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY (FIRST SEMESTER) W.e.f. 2008-2009 Question Bank MB 211-- General and Environmental Microbiology Q1 Multiple Choice Questions. 1) The compound microscope consists of two lenses known as---------- a) Objective & Eyepiece. b) Objective & Condenser. c) Eyepiece & Occular. c) None. 2) In---------Microscopy the object appears dark & the microscopic field is brightly illuminated. a) Dark field. b) Bright field. c) Both. c) None. 3) ------------of the following is/are the fluorochrome. a) Rose Bengal. b) Acridine orange. c) Both. c) None. 4) In Phase contrast microscopy the special optical system makes it possible to distinguish cells which are differ slightly in their-------- a) Size. b) Diameter. c) Refractive index. c) Length. 5) The first phase contrast microscope was developed by----------in 1933. a) Hans Janssen. b) Zacharias. b) Fredrick Zernike c) Lippershey. 6) In TEM, the microscopic column is maintained under--------- a) Pressure. b) Vacuum. c) Temperature. c) Magnetism. 7) In SEM, the secondary electrons are converted into----------- a) Tertiary electrons. b) Electric current. C) Electric charge. c) None. 8) Symbiotic association may be roughly divided into two categories------ a) Ectosymbiosis & Endosymbiosis. b) Electric current. c) Both. d) None. 9) Lichen is the symbiotic association of---------------- a) Fungi & Bacteria. b) Fungi & Algae. c) Algae & Bacteria. d) Protozoa & Virus. 10) Bioluminescence is the property of producing---------- a) Rays. b) Light. c) Current. c) Darkness. 11) -----------is the type of endosymbiosis. a) Cooperation. b) Commensalisms. c) Mutualism. c) Predation. 12) -----------bacteria can fix the nitrogen. a) Pseudomonas. b) Staphylococcus. c) Rhizobium.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxygen Accumulation in Photobioreactors
    Oxygen accumulation in photobioreactors Cláudia Sousa Oxygen accumulation in photobioreactors Cláudia Alexandra da Fonseca e Sousa Thesis committee Promotor Prof. dr. ir. R. H. W ijffels Professor at Bioprocess Engineering Wageningen University Co-promotor Dr. ir. M.H. Vermuë Assistant professor at Bioprocess Engineering Wageningen University Other members Prof. dr. ir. G. Zeeman, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Prof. dr. G.J.W. Euverink, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Prof. dr. E. Molina Grima, University of Almeria, Spain Dr. ir. A.J.B. van Boxtel, Wageningen University, The Netherlands This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School VLAG (Advanced studies in Food Technology, Agrobiotechnology, Nutrition and Health Sciences). Oxygen accumulation in photobioreactors Cláudia Alexandra da Fonseca e Sousa Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Tuesday May 21, 2013 at 4 p.m. in the Aula. Cláudia Sousa Oxygen accumulation in photobioreactors 136 pages PhD thesis Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2013) W ith references, with summaries in English, Dutch and Portuguese ISBN: 978-94-6173-554-6 Table o f contents Table o f con ten ts T able of c o n te n ts Chapter 1. General introduction & thesis outline 1 1.1. Microalgae 1 1.2. Large-scale outdoor cultivation 2 1.3. Photosynthesis, photorespiration & photoinhibition 3 1.4. Thesis outline 7 1.5. References 9 Chapter 2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Investigation Into the Application of Ultrasonic Techniques to Membrane Filtration
    A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO THE APPLICATION OF ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES TO MEMBRANE FILTRATION RD Sanderson - Jianxin Li - DK Hallbauer LJ Koen * V Yu Halbauer-Zadorozhanya * M Hurndall WRC Report No. 930/1/03 IBS Water Research Commission IF. A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO THE APPLICATION OF ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES TO MEMBRANE FILTRATION Final report to the Water Research Commission By RD Sanderson, Jianxin Li, DK Hallbauer, LJ Koen, V Yu Halbauer-Zadorozhanya, M Hurndall Institute for Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602 WRC Project No: 930/1/03 ISBN No: 1-86845-949-7 JANUARY 2003 Disclaimer This report emanates from a project Financed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and is approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC or the members of the project steering committee, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Executive Summary 1 INTRODUCTION Membrane fouling is the single most critical problem limiting the wider application of separation by membrane filtration. The flux decline that accompanies fouling affects the operational efficiency and economics of many membrane separation processes such as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF). nanofiltration (NF), electrodialysis (ED), and reverse osmosis (RO). In efforts to develop methods by which to reduce or prevent fouling, much research has been conducted. The development of a non- invasive technique to monitor the presence and growth of a fouling layer in real time, under realistic operating conditions, is potentially of great importance - to optimize plant operation and minimize operating costs.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Fluid Properties on Intensity of Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Deactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium
    processes Article Influence of Fluid Properties on Intensity of Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Deactivation of Salmonella typhimurium Moein Talebian Gevari 1,2 , Ayhan Parlar 1,2, Milad Torabfam 1,2, Ali Ko¸sar 1,2,3 , Meral Yüce 1 and Morteza Ghorbani 1,2,4,* 1 Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; [email protected] (M.T.G.); [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (M.Y.) 2 Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey 3 Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey 4 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-141 57 Stockholm, Sweden * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 February 2020; Accepted: 8 March 2020; Published: 10 March 2020 Abstract: In this study, three microfluidic devices with different geometries are fabricated on silicon and are bonded to glass to withstand high-pressure fluid flows in order to observe bacteria deactivation effects of micro cavitating flows. The general geometry of the devices was a micro orifice with macroscopic wall roughness elements. The width of the microchannel and geometry of the roughness elements were varied in the devices. First, the thermophysical property effect (with deionized water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)) on flow behavior was revealed. The results showed a better performance of the device in terms of cavitation generation and intensity with PBS due to its higher density, higher saturation vapor pressure, and lower surface tension in comparison with water.
    [Show full text]
  • Academic Regulations Course Structure and Detailed Syllabus
    ACADEMIC REGULATIONS COURSE STRUCTURE AND DETAILED SYLLABUS BIO- TECHNOLOGY For BIO­TECHNOLOGY FOUR DEGREE COURSE (Applicable for batches admitted from 2013-2014) JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA KAKINADA - 533 003, Andhra Pradesh, India ACADEMIC REGULATIONS R13 FOR B. TECH. (REGULAR) Applicable for the students of B. Tech. (Regular) from the Academic Year 2013-14 onwards 1. Award of B. Tech. Degree A student will be declared eligible for the award of B. Tech. Degree if he fulfils the following academic regulations: 1.1 A student shall be declared eligible for the award of the B. Tech Degree, if he pursues a course of study in not less than four and not more than eight academic years 1.2 The candidate shall register for 180 credits and secure all the 180 credits. 2. Courses of study The following courses of study are offered at present as specializations for the B. Tech. Course: S. No Branch 01 Electronics and Communication Engineering 02 Electrical and Electronics Engineering 03 Civil Engineering 04 Mechanical Engineering 05 Computer Science and Engineering 06 Petro Chemical Engineering 07 Information Technology 08 Chemical Engineering 09 Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 10 Bio­Medical Engineering 11 Aeronautical Engineering 12 Automobile Engineering 13 Bio Technology 14 Electronics and Computer Engineering 15 Mining Engineering 16 Petroleum Engineering 17 Metallurgical Engineering 18 Agricultural Engineering 3. Distribution and Weightage of Marks (i) The performance of a student in each semester shall be evaluated subject – wise with a maximum of 100 marks for theory and 75 marks for practical subject. The project work shall be evaluated for 200 marks.
    [Show full text]
  • Word Ozein Meaning to Smell) by Schönbein, in 1840, Who Recognised It As a New Compound (Greenwood and Earnshaw, 1984B; Rocke, 1994)
    AN INVESTIGATION OF ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES IN WATER TREATMENT GAVIN WYATT SCHWIKKARD MScEng (Natal); BScEng (Natal) Submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Chemical Engineering, University of Natal, Durban. February 2001 ii ABSTRACT The deteriorating water quality in South Africa and changing legislation requiring the industrial implementation of waste minimisation and pollution prevention technologies has highlighted the need for the investigation of new effluent treatment technologies such as advanced oxidation processes. This investigation details the evaluation of ultrasound, an emerging advanced oxidation process, to degrade organic compounds during water treatment. The objectives of the investigation included the design of a suitable ultrasonic laboratory reactor to investigate ultrasound chemistry and the sub-processes occurring during sonication. Atrazine was used as a model compound to compare the performance of ultrasound with that of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, already established advanced oxidation processes. Recommendations have also been made for the scale-up of ultrasonic processes. A 500 mL ultrasonic cell containing an ultrasonic horn as an energy source was designed and constructed. The measurement of hydrogen peroxide concentration was used as a tool to indicate the process conditions under which the formation of free radical reactions during sonication are enhanced. These include the application of oxygen and air sparging or the addition of a commercial source of hydrogen peroxide. It was found that oxygen sparging and a high acoustic power input should be used in ultrasonic processes with a short retention time, and conversely, that air sparging and a lower acoustic energy source should be used in processes with a long retention time.
    [Show full text]