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Íoslódáil Chun É a Úsáid

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Íoslódáil Chun É a Úsáid Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge LNN TNGA AN REIVIÚ 2019 Clár Eagarfhocal Christian Flynn agus Baba Nic Dhonnacha iii Próifíl Shochtheangeolaíoch don Ghaeilge i gceantar uirbeach – Cathair Chorcaí mar shuíomh taighde Vicky Brady 1 Céim ar an Bhealach: spléachadh ar an chéad chaibidil de Mo Bhealach Féin le Seosamh Mac Grianna Padaí de Bléine 17 Anailís ar chomhthéacs, ar spriocanna agus ar thorthaí réamh-phróisis na pleanála teangan i Limistéar Pleanála Teanga Chiarraí Theas (Uíbh Ráthach) Shane Grant 29 Staid Reatha an Mheaisínaistriúcháin Gaeilge Caoilfhionn Lane 41 Mic léinn san ardoideachas ag dul i ngleic le húrscéal Gaeilge: cás-staidéar ag amharc ar a spéis agus a ndúil ann Seán Mac Corraidh 55 Stór Amhrán Mhichíl Bhreathnaigh Caroline Ní Fhlatharta 63 Samplaí den Fhrith-Sheimíteachas in Irisí Éireannacha / Gaelacha sa chéad leath den 20ú hAois Dorothy Ní Uigín 113 ‘Domhan Beag Bídeach’: aistriúchán ar an ghearrscéal ‘Winzige Welt’ le Martin Becker, agus tráchtaireacht ar an phróiseas Ellen Corbett 131 Léirmheas: Ó Bhéarla go Gaeilge le hAntain Mac Lochlainn Léirmheastóirí: Christian Flynn, Baba Nic Dhonnacha 139 Léirmheas ar an leabhar Immersion Education – Lessons from a Minority Language Context le Pádraig Ó Duibhir Léirmheas le Niall Mac Uidhilin 143 Súil Ghrinn ar an tSúil Eile: Léirmheas ar Súil Eile le Seán Tadhg Ó Gairbhí Léirmheas le Marie Whelton 147 Insintí Liteartha Luachmhara ar an Óige in Éirinn (c 1880 – c 2010): Léirmheas ar Aois na hÓige. Díolaim Próis Léirmheas le Marie Whelton 155 Nótaí Beathaisnéise 163 LNN TNGA AN REIVIÚ Eagarfhocal Fáilte is fiche chuig an seachtú heagrán denReiviú , iris acadúil atá á foilsiú ar bhonn bliantúil ag mic léinn an chúrsa MA sa Léann Teanga ag Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge. Tá réimse leathan ábhar san iris i mbliana, lena n-áirítear cúrsaí aistriúcháin, pleanáil teanga, teicneolaíocht, stór amhrán, teangeolaíocht agus sochtheangeolaíocht agus teagasc litríocht na Gaeilge. Táimid ag súil go mbeidh an t-eagrán seo ina acmhainn luachmhar do lucht léinn na Gaeilge agus go mbainfidh sibh taitneamh agus leas as an gcnuasach aistí seo. Ba mhaith leis an gCoiste Eagarthóireachta buíochas a ghabháil leo siúd ar fad a chuidigh linn an t-eagrán seo den iris a fhoilsiú. Táimid fíorbhuíoch díobh siúd ar fad a scríobh na hailt agus de na piarmheasúnóirí, a bhí chomh flaithiúil lena gcuid ama agus murach iad ní bheadh aon fhoilseachán ann. Ár mbuíochas chomh maith leis an Ollamh Ciarán Ó hÓgartaigh, Uachtarán Ollscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh as an iris a sheoladh. Ní féidir dearmad a dhéanamh ar Fhoras na Gaeilge, as a gcuid tacaíochta agus urraíochta ní hamháin i mbliana, ach i gcaitheamh na mblianta ó bunaíodh An Reiviú. Mar fhocal scoir, ba mhaith linn buíochas ó chroí a ghlacadh leis an Dr Dorothy Ní Uigín as an treoir, cúnamh leanúnach agus tacaíocht ollmhór a thug sí dúinn leis an bhfoilseachán seo. Bhí sí chomh foighneach i gcónaí agus choinnigh sí ar bhóthar an leasa muid. An Coiste Eagarthóireachta Christian Flynn agus Baba Nic Dhonnacha iv Léann Teanga: An Reiviú 2019 LNN TNGA AN REIVIÚ Próifíl Shochtheangeolaíoch don Ghaeilge i gceantar uirbeach – Cathair Chorcaí mar shuíomh taighde Vicky Brady Réamhrá Pléitear sa pháipéar seo roinnt de na torthaí a d’eascair as obair pháirce a rinneadh i gCathair Chorcaí le linn 2015 agus 2016 ar mhaithe le próifíl shochtheangeolaíoch don Gaeilge sa chathair a chruthú. Ainmníodh Cathair Chorcaí mar Bhaile Seirbhíse Gaeltachta faoi Acht na Gaeltachta (2012) agus tá an plean teanga don chathair á ullmhú faoi láthair. Pléitear go minic i réimse na pleanála agus na mbeartas teanga an tábhacht a bhaineann le taighde agus le tuiscint a fháil ar an bpobal atá faoi chaibidil sula dtugtar faoi aon phleanáil éifeachtach (Ó hIfearnáin, 2012: 132). Dar le Dauenhauer agus Dauenhauer (1998: 63), tá sé tábhachtach measúnú macánta a dhéanamh ar an staid reatha agus ar dhearcthaí bhaill phobail sula dtabharfaí faoi phleanáil teanga. Más aidhm de bheartas teanga úsáid na teanga atá faoi chaibidil a leathnú tugann faisnéis shochtheangeolaíoch eolas tábhachtach a d’fhéadfadh na hiarrachtaí sin a threorú. Aithníodh bearna sa taighde atá déanta i sochtheangeolaíocht na Gaeilge go dtí seo sa mhéid is go bhfuil easpa iniúchtaí ar an bhfód a thugann léargas ar staid chomhaimseartha na Gaeilge i suíomhanna uirbeacha na tíre. Sa Straitéis Fiche Bliain don Ghaeilge, 2010-2030, straitéis a cruthaíodh mar bhuntaca le beartas reatha Rialtas na hÉireann i leith na Gaeilge, leagtar amach mar sprioc shonrach méadú faoi thrí a bhaint amach i líon na gcainteoirí laethúla Gaeilge sa tír lasmuigh den chóras oideachais (ó 83,000 go 250,000) (Rialtas na hÉireann, 2010: 9). Sprioc uaillmhianach is ea í seo (agus méadú ar bhonn comhsheasmhach a bheadh i gceist nár tharla riamh go fóill ó bhunú an Stáit) agus luíonn sé le réasún, mar sin, béim ar leith a chur ar cheantair na tíre ina bhfuil na daonraí 2 Léann Teanga: An Reiviú 2019 is mó. Ghlac 603 rannpháirtí páirt san obair pháirce ar tugadh fúithi don taighde seo, iad go léir lonnaithe i gCathair Chorcaí. Díríodh ar dhaoine os cionn ocht mbliana déag d’aois amháin agus bhí formhór na rannpháirtithe (70.6%) idir 25-54 bliain d’aois. Is iad na huirlisí taighde ar baineadh leas astu chun teacht ar na torthaí a phléitear sa pháipéar seo ná ceistneoir sochtheangeolaíoch agus grúpaí fócais eitneagrafacha. Díríodh ar thrí phríomhthoisc agus an phróifíl á chruthú – bailíodh faisnéis ar chumas sa Ghaeilge, ar úsáid na Gaeilge agus ar dhearcthaí i leith na Gaeilge i measc rannpháirtithe. Trí thoisc lárnacha is ea iad a ndírítear orthu go minic i dtaighde sochtheangeolaíoch, i dtaca le hathneartú teanga go háirithe. Agus an beartas teanga faoi thrácht, labhraíonn Grin & Vaillancourt (1999: 98) faoi chumas teangeolaíoch, dearcadh dearfach agus deiseanna úsáide mar thosca riachtanacha i dtaca le leathnú úsáid teanga i bpobal agus labhraíonn Mac Donnacha (2000: 15) faoi na tosca céanna. Pléann Grin na trí thoisc sin arís in 2003 (44) i gcomhthéacs na Cairte Eorpaí um Theangacha Réigiúnacha (1992) go sonrach ina shaothar ‘Language Policy Evaluation and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages’. D a r leis, agus é ag trácht ar spriocanna beartais teanga a bhaint amach: ...the type of behaviour ensuring that a regional or minority language keeps being used will obtain if three conditions are met: capacity, opportunity and desire (or willingness). It follows that policy measures must focus on guaranteeing people’s capacity to use their language, providing them with opportunities to use it, and encouraging their inclination, or desire to use it. Díríonn an Straitéis Fiche Bliain don Ghaeilge ar fhorbairtí sna tosca éagsúla sin mar bhunús de bhearta iomlána na Straitéise (2010: 7). Tugtar le fios sa Straitéis go bhfuil sé d’aidhm aici ‘cur le heolas ar an nGaeilge, deiseanna a chruthú le Gaeilge a úsáid agus dearcthaí dearfacha i leith na Gaeilge a chothú’ (Ibid: 4). Tugtar forbhreathnú gairid thíos ar an modheolaíocht don taighde agus roinntear an chuid eile den pháipéar seo de réir phríomhthéamaí na hoibre páirce: cumas sa Ghaeilge, úsáid na Gaeilge agus dearcadh i leith na Gaeilge. Modheolaíocht Is fiú ag an bpointe seo an mhodheolaíocht taighde a mhíniú. Úsáideadh triantánú modheolaíoch chun cur le hiontaofacht agus le bailíocht na dtorthaí a tháinig chun cinn. Tugtar triantánú modheolaíoch ar staidéir aonaracha ina mbaintear leas as níos mó ná cur chuige, paraidím agus/nó modh taighde amháin (Flick, 1998; Egbert, Baker, 2016). Socraíodh ar cheistneoir a úsáid os rud é go raibh suíomh taighde mór i gceist agus d’éascaigh sé sampla níos ionadaíche a chur san áireamh sa taighde. Is minic a úsáidtear ceistneoirí sochtheangeolaíochta chun cleachtas teanga agus idé-eolaíochtaí i leith teangacha a mheá (Fishman, 1972; Bender et al., 1976; Chambers, 1998). Cleachtas coitianta a bhí ann i mblianta luatha an réimse go háirithe leas a bhaint as daonáirimh náisiúnta ar mhórscála agus suirbhéanna déimeagrafacha i staidéir Vicky Brady 3 shochtheangeolaíocha. Comhthreomhar le forbairtí coincheapúla sa réimse acadúil, feictear leathnú sna modhanna taighde agus méadú in úsáid modhanna eitneagrafacha (le béim ar chleachtais teanga na ndaoine ina suíomhanna cultúrtha féin) agus modhanna cáilíochtúla (modhanna ionduchtaitheacha, léirmhínitheacha a sholáthraíonn faisnéis thuairisciúil). Ní hé sin le rá go bhfuarthas réidh leis na modhanna a úsáideadh roimhe seo, áfach, ach gur leathnaíodh an tsraith straitéisí in imeacht ama. Úsáideadh meascán de chineálacha éagsúla ceisteanna sa cheistneoir idir cheisteanna déimeagrafacha, cheisteanna déscartha, cheisteanna ilrogha, scálaí difreála séimeantaí (scálaí Likert), agus bhí dhá cheist oscailte mar chuid den cheistneoir chomh maith. Eagraíodh grúpaí fócais mar mhodh coimhdeach sa taighde ar mhaithe leis na torthaí a bhí ag teacht chun cinn ón gceistneoir a phlé go mion le grúpaí níos lú go príomha. Ó thús an fhichiú haois i leith is modh cáilíochtúil coitianta é an grúpa fócais a úsáidtear i réimse leathan earnálacha – sa tsíceolaíocht, sa tsocheolaíocht, in eolaíochtaí an chomhshaoil, i ngnó, i dtaighde margaidh, i staidéar inscní agus eile. Ceann de na laincisí a bhaineann le grúpaí fócais is ea nach bhfaightear ionadaíocht de dhaonra iomlán iontu go minic, más daonra mór atá faoi chaibidil go háirithe. Moltar grúpaí fócais mar mhodh coimhdeach sna heolaíochtaí sóisialta, áfach, chun tuiscint níos doimhne a fháil ar thorthaí atá ag teacht chun cinn (Bloor et al., 2001: 90). Luann Vaughn, et al. (1996: 15) an tairbhe a bhaineann le húsáid grúpaí fócais mar iomlánú ar iniúchtaí cainníochtúla. Laincis eile a bhaineann le grúpaí fócais mar mhodh taighde is ea go bhféadfadh tuairimí an mhodhneora tionchar a imirt ar na tuairimí a chuirtear in iúl le linn an phlé (Litosseliti, 2003: 21). Is féidir dul i ngleic leis an dúshlán seo, áfach, trí ullmhúchán cúramach agus struchtúr an ghrúpa fócais a leagan amach, agus trí iarracht comhfhiosach a dhéanamh chun sin a sheachaint.
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