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Atlas of the Neuromuscular System in the Trachymedusa Aglantha Digitale: Insights from the Advanced Hydrozoan
Received: 11 September 2019 Revised: 17 November 2019 Accepted: 18 November 2019 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24821 RESEARCH ARTICLE Atlas of the neuromuscular system in the Trachymedusa Aglantha digitale: Insights from the advanced hydrozoan Tigran P. Norekian1,2,3 | Leonid L. Moroz1,4 1Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida Abstract 2Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Cnidaria is the sister taxon to bilaterian animals, and therefore, represents a key refer- Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington ence lineage to understand early origins and evolution of the neural systems. The 3Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of hydromedusa Aglantha digitale is arguably the best electrophysiologically studied jelly- Sciences, Moscow, Russia fish because of its system of giant axons and unique fast swimming/escape behaviors. 4 Department of Neuroscience and McKnight Here, using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida together with phalloidin labeling, we systematically characterize both neural and mus- cular systems in Aglantha, summarizing and expanding further the previous knowledge Correspondence Leonid L. Moroz, The Whitney Laboratory, on the microscopic neuroanatomy of this crucial reference species. We found that the University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd., majority, if not all (~2,500) neurons, that are labeled by FMRFamide antibody are dif- St. Augustine, FL. Email: [email protected] ferent from those revealed by anti-α-tubulin immunostaining, making these two neuro- nal markers complementary to each other and, therefore, expanding the diversity of Funding information National Science Foundation, Grant/Award neural elements in Aglantha with two distinct neural subsystems. -
Diversity and Community Structure of Pelagic Cnidarians in the Celebes and Sulu Seas, Southeast Asian Tropical Marginal Seas
Deep-Sea Research I 100 (2015) 54–63 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research I journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dsri Diversity and community structure of pelagic cnidarians in the Celebes and Sulu Seas, southeast Asian tropical marginal seas Mary M. Grossmann a,n, Jun Nishikawa b, Dhugal J. Lindsay c a Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Tancha 1919-1, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan b Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan c Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan article info abstract Article history: The Sulu Sea is a semi-isolated, marginal basin surrounded by high sills that greatly reduce water inflow Received 13 September 2014 at mesopelagic depths. For this reason, the entire water column below 400 m is stable and homogeneous Received in revised form with respect to salinity (ca. 34.00) and temperature (ca. 10 1C). The neighbouring Celebes Sea is more 19 January 2015 open, and highly influenced by Pacific waters at comparable depths. The abundance, diversity, and Accepted 1 February 2015 community structure of pelagic cnidarians was investigated in both seas in February 2000. Cnidarian Available online 19 February 2015 abundance was similar in both sampling locations, but species diversity was lower in the Sulu Sea, Keywords: especially at mesopelagic depths. At the surface, the cnidarian community was similar in both Tropical marginal seas, but, at depth, community structure was dependent first on sampling location Marginal sea and then on depth within each Sea. Cnidarians showed different patterns of dominance at the two Sill sampling locations, with Sulu Sea communities often dominated by species that are rare elsewhere in Pelagic cnidarians fi Community structure the Indo-Paci c. -
Midwater Data Sheet
MIDWATER TRAWL DATA SHEET RESEARCH VESSEL__________________________________(1/20/2013Version*) CLASS__________________;DATE_____________;NAME:_________________________; DEVICE DETAILS___________ LOCATION (OVERBOARD): LAT_______________________; LONG___________________________ LOCATION (AT DEPTH): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ LOCATION (START UP): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ LOCATION (ONBOARD): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ BOTTOM DEPTH_________; DEPTH OF SAMPLE:____________; DURATION OF TRAWL___________; TIME: IN_________AT DEPTH________START UP__________SURFACE_________ SHIP SPEED__________; WEATHER__________________; SEA STATE_________________; AIR TEMP______________ SURFACE TEMP__________; PHYS. OCE. NOTES______________________; NOTES_____________________________ INVERTEBRATES Lensia hostile_______________________ PHYLUM RADIOLARIA Lensia havock______________________ Family Tuscaroridae “Round yellow ones”___ Family Hippopodiidae Vogtia sp.___________________________ PHYLUM CTENOPHORA Family Prayidae Subfamily Nectopyramidinae Class Nuda "Pointed siphonophores"________________ Order Beroida Nectadamas sp._______________________ Family Beroidae Nectopyramis sp.______________________ Beroe abyssicola_____________________ Family Prayidae Beroe forskalii________________________ Subfamily Prayinae Beroe cucumis _______________________ Craseoa lathetica_____________________ Class Tentaculata Desmophyes annectens_________________ Subclass -
CNIDARIA Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoans
FOUR Phylum CNIDARIA corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans STEPHEN D. CAIRNS, LISA-ANN GERSHWIN, FRED J. BROOK, PHILIP PUGH, ELLIOT W. Dawson, OscaR OcaÑA V., WILLEM VERvooRT, GARY WILLIAMS, JEANETTE E. Watson, DENNIS M. OPREsko, PETER SCHUCHERT, P. MICHAEL HINE, DENNIS P. GORDON, HAMISH J. CAMPBELL, ANTHONY J. WRIGHT, JUAN A. SÁNCHEZ, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN his ancient phylum of mostly marine organisms is best known for its contribution to geomorphological features, forming thousands of square Tkilometres of coral reefs in warm tropical waters. Their fossil remains contribute to some limestones. Cnidarians are also significant components of the plankton, where large medusae – popularly called jellyfish – and colonial forms like Portuguese man-of-war and stringy siphonophores prey on other organisms including small fish. Some of these species are justly feared by humans for their stings, which in some cases can be fatal. Certainly, most New Zealanders will have encountered cnidarians when rambling along beaches and fossicking in rock pools where sea anemones and diminutive bushy hydroids abound. In New Zealand’s fiords and in deeper water on seamounts, black corals and branching gorgonians can form veritable trees five metres high or more. In contrast, inland inhabitants of continental landmasses who have never, or rarely, seen an ocean or visited a seashore can hardly be impressed with the Cnidaria as a phylum – freshwater cnidarians are relatively few, restricted to tiny hydras, the branching hydroid Cordylophora, and rare medusae. Worldwide, there are about 10,000 described species, with perhaps half as many again undescribed. All cnidarians have nettle cells known as nematocysts (or cnidae – from the Greek, knide, a nettle), extraordinarily complex structures that are effectively invaginated coiled tubes within a cell. -
Articles and Plankton
Ocean Sci., 15, 1327–1340, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1327-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. The Pelagic In situ Observation System (PELAGIOS) to reveal biodiversity, behavior, and ecology of elusive oceanic fauna Henk-Jan Hoving1, Svenja Christiansen2, Eduard Fabrizius1, Helena Hauss1, Rainer Kiko1, Peter Linke1, Philipp Neitzel1, Uwe Piatkowski1, and Arne Körtzinger1,3 1GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany 2University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway 3Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany Correspondence: Henk-Jan Hoving ([email protected]) Received: 16 November 2018 – Discussion started: 10 December 2018 Revised: 11 June 2019 – Accepted: 17 June 2019 – Published: 7 October 2019 Abstract. There is a need for cost-efficient tools to explore 1 Introduction deep-ocean ecosystems to collect baseline biological obser- vations on pelagic fauna (zooplankton and nekton) and es- The open-ocean pelagic zones include the largest, yet least tablish the vertical ecological zonation in the deep sea. The explored habitats on the planet (Robison, 2004; Webb et Pelagic In situ Observation System (PELAGIOS) is a 3000 m al., 2010; Ramirez-Llodra et al., 2010). Since the first rated slowly (0.5 m s−1) towed camera system with LED il- oceanographic expeditions, oceanic communities of macro- lumination, an integrated oceanographic sensor set (CTD- zooplankton and micronekton have been sampled using nets O2) and telemetry allowing for online data acquisition and (Wiebe and Benfield, 2003). Such sampling has revealed a video inspection (low definition). -
Fisheries Centre Research Reports 2011 Volume 19 Number 6
ISSN 1198-6727 Fisheries Centre Research Reports 2011 Volume 19 Number 6 TOO PRECIOUS TO DRILL: THE MARINE BIODIVERSITY OF BELIZE Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada TOO PRECIOUS TO DRILL: THE MARINE BIODIVERSITY OF BELIZE edited by Maria Lourdes D. Palomares and Daniel Pauly Fisheries Centre Research Reports 19(6) 175 pages © published 2011 by The Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia 2202 Main Mall Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6T 1Z4 ISSN 1198-6727 Fisheries Centre Research Reports 19(6) 2011 TOO PRECIOUS TO DRILL: THE MARINE BIODIVERSITY OF BELIZE edited by Maria Lourdes D. Palomares and Daniel Pauly CONTENTS PAGE DIRECTOR‘S FOREWORD 1 EDITOR‘S PREFACE 2 INTRODUCTION 3 Offshore oil vs 3E‘s (Environment, Economy and Employment) 3 Frank Gordon Kirkwood and Audrey Matura-Shepherd The Belize Barrier Reef: a World Heritage Site 8 Janet Gibson BIODIVERSITY 14 Threats to coastal dolphins from oil exploration, drilling and spills off the coast of Belize 14 Ellen Hines The fate of manatees in Belize 19 Nicole Auil Gomez Status and distribution of seabirds in Belize: threats and conservation opportunities 25 H. Lee Jones and Philip Balderamos Potential threats of marine oil drilling for the seabirds of Belize 34 Michelle Paleczny The elasmobranchs of Glover‘s Reef Marine Reserve and other sites in northern and central Belize 38 Demian Chapman, Elizabeth Babcock, Debra Abercrombie, Mark Bond and Ellen Pikitch Snapper and grouper assemblages of Belize: potential impacts from oil drilling 43 William Heyman Endemic marine fishes of Belize: evidence of isolation in a unique ecological region 48 Phillip Lobel and Lisa K. -
Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) Paulyn Cartwright1, Nathaniel M
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, page 1 of 10. #2008 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom doi:10.1017/S0025315408002257 Printed in the United Kingdom Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) paulyn cartwright1, nathaniel m. evans1, casey w. dunn2, antonio c. marques3, maria pia miglietta4, peter schuchert5 and allen g. collins6 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA, 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA, 3Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biocieˆncias, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil, 4Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, 5Muse´um d’Histoire Naturelle, CH-1211, Gene`ve, Switzerland, 6National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA Fisheries Service, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA Hydroidolina is a group of hydrozoans that includes Anthoathecata, Leptothecata and Siphonophorae. Previous phylogenetic analyses show strong support for Hydroidolina monophyly, but the relationships between and within its subgroups remain uncertain. In an effort to further clarify hydroidolinan relationships, we performed phylogenetic analyses on 97 hydroidolinan taxa, using DNA sequences from partial mitochondrial 16S rDNA, nearly complete nuclear 18S rDNA and nearly complete nuclear 28S rDNA. Our findings are consistent with previous analyses that support monophyly of Siphonophorae and Leptothecata and do not support monophyly of Anthoathecata nor its component subgroups, Filifera and Capitata. Instead, within Anthoathecata, we find support for four separate filiferan clades and two separate capitate clades (Aplanulata and Capitata sensu stricto). Our data however, lack any substantive support for discerning relationships between these eight distinct hydroidolinan clades. -
(Gulf Watch Alaska) Final Report the Seward Line: Marine Ecosystem
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Long-Term Monitoring Program (Gulf Watch Alaska) Final Report The Seward Line: Marine Ecosystem monitoring in the Northern Gulf of Alaska Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Project 16120114-J Final Report Russell R Hopcroft Seth Danielson Institute of Marine Science University of Alaska Fairbanks 905 N. Koyukuk Dr. Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220 Suzanne Strom Shannon Point Marine Center Western Washington University 1900 Shannon Point Road, Anacortes, WA 98221 Kathy Kuletz U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1011 East Tudor Road Anchorage, AK 99503 July 2018 The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council administers all programs and activities free from discrimination based on race, color, national origin, age, sex, religion, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. The Council administers all programs and activities in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Action of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility, or if you desire further information, please write to: EVOS Trustee Council, 4230 University Dr., Ste. 220, Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4650, or [email protected], or O.E.O., U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Long-Term Monitoring Program (Gulf Watch Alaska) Final Report The Seward Line: Marine Ecosystem monitoring in the Northern Gulf of Alaska Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Project 16120114-J Final Report Russell R Hopcroft Seth L. -
Pelagic Cnidaria of Mississippi Sound and Adjacent Waters
Gulf and Caribbean Research Volume 5 Issue 1 January 1975 Pelagic Cnidaria of Mississippi Sound and Adjacent Waters W. David Burke Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Burke, W. 1975. Pelagic Cnidaria of Mississippi Sound and Adjacent Waters. Gulf Research Reports 5 (1): 23-38. Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol5/iss1/4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18785/grr.0501.04 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gulf Research Reports, Vol. 5, No. 1, 23-38, 1975 PELAGIC CNIDARIA OF MISSISSIPPI SOUND AND ADJACENT WATERS’ W. DAVID BURKE Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 ABSTRACT Investigations were made in Mississippi Sound and adjacent waters from March 1968 through March 1971 to record the occurrence and seasonality of planktonic cnidarians. About 700 plankton samples were taken from estuarine and oceanic areas. From these samples, 26 species of hydromedusae were identified, 12 of which were collected from Mis- sissippi Sound. In addition, 25 species of siphonophorae were identified from Mississippi waters, although only 6 species were collected in Mississippi Sound. From an examination of about 500 trawl samples taken during this period, 10 species of Scyphozoa were found in Mississippi waters, 6 of which occurred in Mississippi Sound. INTRODUCTION of coelenterates from Mississippi waters. -
A Comparative Analysis of the Locomotory Systems of Medusoid Cnidaria
Helgol~nder wiss. Meeresunters. 25, 228-272 (1973) A comparative analysis of the locomotory systems of medusoid Cnidaria W. G. GLADFELTER Pacific Marine Station; Dillon Beach, California, USA KURZFASSUNG: Eine vergleichende Analyse der Iokomotorischen Systeme von Cnidarier- Medusen. Auf der Grundlage einer funktionell-morphologischen Analyse des lokomoto- rischen Systems bei Hydro- und Seyphomedusen wurde der Versuch unternommen, den Me- chanismus ihrer Schwimmbewegungen allgemein zu charakterisieren. An Vertretern yon ins- gesamt 42 Gattungen wurden der Bau und die funktionelle Variabilit~it des Schirmes, der Mesogloea, der Fibriiien der Mesogloea, der kontraktilen Elemente der Muskulatur und des Velums bzw. des Velariums untersucht und verglichen some eine Klassifizierung der Medusen nach der Struktur der Mesogloea und der Art der Fortbewegung vorgenommen. INTRODUCTION The most complete discussion to date of the medusa as a functioning musculo- skeletal system has been that of GLADFELTrR (1972a) for the hydromedusan Polyorchis montereyensis. In another study the very different locomotory system of the scypho- medusan Cyanea capillata has been discussed (GLADFrLT~R 1972b). Other published works on the functional morphology of medusan locomotory systems have been frag- mentary or have dealt with specialized aspects of the subiect (K~AslNSKA 1914, CHaVMAN 1953, 1959; MAC~IE 1964, CHAVMAN 1968 and others), and works on general anatomy (CguN I897, CONANT 1898, THIr~ 1938, HYMAN 1940a and others) though presenting some of the pertinent anatomy, have not discussed the locomotory system as a whole. A number of more speciaiized papers dealing with the physiology of medusan locomotion are also available but present only the essential rudiments of morphology (BULLOCK & HORRIDGE 1965, MACKIE 197t and others). -
Invertebrate Fauna of Korea
Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 4, Number 3 Cnidaria: Hydrozoa Hydromedusae Flora and Fauna of Korea National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Russia CB Chungcheongbuk-do CN Chungcheongnam-do HB GB Gyeongsangbuk-do China GG Gyeonggi-do YG GN Gyeongsangnam-do GW Gangwon-do HB Hamgyeongbuk-do JG HN Hamgyeongnam-do HWB Hwanghaebuk-do HN HWN Hwanghaenam-do PB JB Jeollabuk-do JG Jagang-do JJ Jeju-do JN Jeollanam-do PN PB Pyeonganbuk-do PN Pyeongannam-do YG Yanggang-do HWB HWN GW East Sea GG GB (Ulleung-do) Yellow Sea CB CN GB JB GN JN JJ South Sea Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 4, Number 3 Cnidaria: Hydrozoa Hydromedusae 2012 National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 4, Number 3 Cnidaria: Hydrozoa Hydromedusae Jung Hee Park The University of Suwon Copyright ⓒ 2012 by the National Institute of Biological Resources Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Nanji-ro 42, Seo-gu Incheon, 404-708, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources. ISBN : 9788994555836-96470 Government Publications Registration Number 11-1480592-000244-01 Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper Publisher : Yeonsoon Ahn Project Staff : Joo-Lae Cho, Ye Eun, Sang-Hoon Hahn Published on March 23, 2012 The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. -
Atlas of the Neuromuscular System in the Trachymedusa Aglantha Digitale: Insights from the Advanced Hydrozoan
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/772418; this version posted September 18, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Atlas of the Neuromuscular System in the Trachymedusa Aglantha digitale: Insights from the advanced hydrozoan Tigran P. Norekian1,2,3, Leonid L. Moroz1, 4* 1Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA; 2Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, USA; 3Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia; 4Departments of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. Keywords: Cnidarians, Nervous System, Muscle System, Sensory Cells, Nematocysts, Nematostella, Evolution; Figures: 18 *Corresponding author: Dr. Leonid L. Moroz The Whitney Laboratory; University of Florida; 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd. St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA; Phone: +1-904-461-4006; Fax: +1-904-461-9052; email: [email protected] Grant Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants 1146575, 1557923, 1548121 and 1645219). ABSTRACT Cnidaria is the sister taxon to bilaterian animals, and therefore, represents a key reference lineage to understand early origins and evolution of the neural systems. The hydromedusa Aglantha digitale is arguably the best electrophysiologically studied jellyfish because of its system of giant axons and unique fast swimming/escape behaviors. Here, using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry together with phalloidin labeling, we systematically characterize both neural and muscular systems in Aglantha, summarizing and expanding further the previous knowledge on the microscopic neuroanatomy of this crucial reference species.