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Russia's March Towards India, Vol. 2 Indian Officer University of Nebraska Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Books in English Digitized Books 1-1-1894 Russia's march towards India, vol. 2 Indian Officer Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno Part of the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Russia's march towards India, by 'an Indian officer'. London: S. Low, Marston & co., 1894. 2 vols., folded map This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Digitized Books at DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Books in English by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. .. - ., , , . .. , ,. , , . , ., . , ., , ,, , , ,, , , , . - ., , . , , , ,, ~~~~ia'smarch towards India. PnIwuo IIY BPOTTIBN001)li AND CO., NII\$'-ETII1(E'L' SQUARlC LONDON RUSSIA'S MARCH TOWARDB INDIA BY (AN INDIAN OFFICER' WITH A MAP LONDON SAMPEON LOW, MARSTON JG COMPANY (LINITED) St, ID~~l~otnll'o'filolroc FETTER LANE, vLEET STREET E.C. 1804 CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME CHAPTER XI 1873-1876 THE TURKOMANS OF KHIVA I'AQB Kaufmann's treatment of the Yomuds-Policy of extormine- tion-A legacy of hatred and revenge-Construction of Fort Petro-Alexandrovslr-TYitl~drawal of Russian forces from I<liiva--Formation of Trans-Caspian Military district -Lomalrin's exploring expeditions . 1 CHAPTER XI1 1866-1876 ANNEXATION OF KHOKAND Insurrections in Ilholrand-Abd~~r Ral~nlan Aftobatcha- Attaclr on Russian Embassy-Battle ofMalshram-Capture of Andijan-Annexation of I<holrand to I<ussia-The Alai Expedition-Exploration and annexation of tl~enorthern part of tlie Pnlllir region . , . , . 26 I RUSSIA'SMAI:CII T0\\'.41<13S INDIA CI-IAPTER XI11 1877-1878 ' RUSSIAN INTRICtUE AT IiABUL I'AL4B Russian conquests ill twelve years-Russo-Turlrish War- Confitantinople in poril-Russian snccesses in the Asiatic provinces of Turlroy-British Pleet passes the Dardanelles -Tho Troaty of San Stefano-England on the verge of war-Agents from Russia in ICabul-A Russian agenl scnt to India-Preparations for Russian invasion of India 61 CISAPTER XIV Slrobeleff's scheme of invasion-Adoption of some of Glrobe- lofl's suggestions - Berlin Conference - British envoy stopped at the Afghan fipntier-Bqitish invasion of Afghan- istan-Russia's mistake-Fate of Shere Ali-Treaty of peace-Apologists for Rtlssia-Ass~uances of M. do Giers CHAPTER XV Russia's mission ' in Asia-Lomdrin's oxpodition-Retreat and disaster-Loss of Russian prestige-Goneral Lazareff's espeditioll against tho Toldrhs -Lazareff's death-Lomalrin takes the command-Mismanagement and incompetency -Thirsting for a ' glorious victory '-The Colossus of May ' and tho ' pigmy' of September-A brave dcfence- The slaughter at Donghil Teph-Retreat-Lomalcin's last chance lost . , . CHAPTER XVI 1879-1861 SISOBELEBF'~ UARlPAIGN AGAINST THE TEIIII~S Murdor of Sir Louis Co;vaguari at IICabul-British operations in Afghmistan-March to ICanilahar, and dcfoat of Ayub CONTENTS OF THE SECONDVOLU~IE vii PAGE 1<11nn's firmy-Controversy on tlie retontion of IIandahm -British withdrawal from Afghanistan-New Russian expedition agaimt the Telrlcd Turlromans-Trans-Cnspian nsilwey commenced-Slrobeleff's aclvsnoo to De~ighil TepQ-Capture of the fortress and slanglitor of the Telclrds 148 CIIAPTER XVII ANNEXATION OF MERV English fears regarding Merv and Rnssim~nss~zmiices-Tlie I Trans-Cnspinn Territory T-Russo-Persian frontier-line- ~~lskianintrigues nt Merv-Commercial trenty with the Torliomaas of Merv-nussian ' traders ' and ' scientific esplorers '-Triclcs to hide aggressive intentions--Lessar's explortltiolls-Tlie At& Oasis-England's hoiu of trouble Russia's opportunity-Annexation of XXerv . lG5 CI-IAPTER XVIII 1884-1885 TEIZ AFCIHAN BOUNDARY QUESTION Aclvnntages to Russia horn the occt~pation of Mew-The * 'Afgllan frontier-The Boundary Commission- nnssia gaining tirno-Iiomaroff 's intrigues-Uneasiness in Bug- Imd-Seizuro of Pd-i-%aturn-Explanation of &I,de GieFs-The River Murglmb-District of Penjdeh-Bassinn , movetne~ltsnear the frontier-Yew Ilussian proposals- British counter-propoeal rejected . 188 CHAPTER XIX 1884-1887 TRE FhNJDBEI INCIDENT, AND DBIII~iILCdTION OF TIIB I30UND'lltY A new ino'e towurcl~I-Ierat-Prcsll Rt~ssinnnssurancos- Russian advance and athcli on Panjdeh-Prepnmbions in viii RUSSIA'SMARCH TOWARDS INDIA PAGE England for wer-Ivrr. Gledstone'e speech and the Czar's declarstion-Zulfilcos-Concessions-Lord Salisbury's do- ~la~ration-Thenew Deliinitation Commission-The Iilloja Sale difficulty-Protocol of July 22, 1887 ....224 CHAPTER XX BUSSIAN MOVBMENTS IN TIIZ PAbIIRS Revolt in Afghnn-Turlcestan-Persinn concessions to Englancl, and Russinn jedousy-Secret convention between R~~ssin and Persia-Outrage on Youngh~~sbandand Dnvison- Russian activity in the Palnhs-Afghans and Chinese boundary-bEeir at Soma Tash-Riots at Tnshlrent- Latest Russian assurances-Fort on the M~wghtlb-Chitrd and Ranjut-RII~OIL~Sand dangers .....252 . APPENDICES I. The Will of Peter the Great, ns given in ' Des Progrds de la Puissance Russe ' by M. Lesur ; publishad in Paris ia 1812 ..........200 11. Circular Despatch adcl.cssec1 by Prince Gortchnlcoff to Russian Representatives abroad, clated 21st of Novel?iber, . 1864 ..........a02 RUSSIA'S MARCH TOWARDS INDIA CHAPTER XI Xaufinnnn's tren,tiiient of the Yomuds-Policy of exlormination-A legacy of llntred nnll revenge-Construction of Port Patro- Alerandrov~1~-Witlldrawal of Russian forcas from I<lliva--For- mation of Trans-Caspian military district-Lomekin's exploring expeditions. IMMEDIATELYafter the fall of Khiva, ~ilclbefore tlie Treaty of Peace hacl beell concluded, General Iiaufnalln under took a campaign against the Yomuil tribe of Turkomalls, who inhabited a por- tion of the I<liivan Oasis in the vicinity of Iliali. In justification of this expeclition, it was statecl tllat the Turlcol~~ai~sul~jecls of the IChan of Klliva, Iluil llevcr proved to 1)e ol~eclient,ancl that ullless . tJlcy ~vercillncle to feel the l~owcrof Russia it was 11r01)al~le151:~t as soon as the ni~ssiailt1.oops were ~vitllilrnwntllcy ~voulilrecornmelice their acts of lx~vlcssness:~11(1 pill:~ge, and woulcl tlius, sooner or lntcr, necessilato tlic? dcsl~ntchof :L liussiau force lo ltecp t,l~c~rlin (:11~(:1;. lht tlic SC:LI c::\asc of this :~tl,ac,lr011 llie Yolnucls J'ijl,, 11. I3 2 TI-IETURICOMANS OF I<I-IIVA Isi3- is probably to be found in the failure of Kaufn~anu's columll to gain tl~efirst honours in the Kllivan campaign. When Illat caillpaig~iwas first planned, it had been arranged that ICaufmann should leacl the main coln~nv from Turkestan, a secoildary force being sent oi11y from the Caspian to a,ssist in the uaclcrLaking, It was thus fuUy expected thnt Kauimann tvould gain the entire credit of the con- mr quest of Khiva ; and even when the original plans th' were modified, it was still believed that the Tur- Irestan troops would take the leading part in the operatioas. The result, however, coixpletely falsi- fied these anticipations, for while Xaufmann ancl his troops were still struggling across the desert from Kl~alaAta to Uch-Uchak, Vereflrin, wit11 big Orenburg troops, was 1.apid1y approadling the I<hivan capital; and after the junction of the v Or enburg aid Kinderly detachments the unitecl lle colulnns contillued their victorious advance and de reached the capilal while Kaufmann was still its many miles distant. The brunt of the fighting also had been borne by the Orellburg and Kiilderly columns, while Kaufinann's troops l~adscarcely seen the enemy; and, to crown all, Kaufinann's triumphant entry into Khiva had been marred by SkobelefT's successful assa~~lton tlie north gate of the city and advance through the town to the tll( Khan's palace. There can be no doubt that Kauf- eli mann felt that his share in the campaign had been sic- completely eclipsed by the more brilliant opera- be tions of Verefkin's force, and he was t,hereforc not af clispleasecl when an oppostnnity presented itself 05 -1876 CAUSE OF ATTACKON THE YOMUDS 3 ~ufllla1111's whereby his Turkestan troops could obtain a share e Ichivall of the fighting, and thus participate in the rewards ; planned, and decoratioiis which would be bestowed at tile 3uld lead end of tlie war. When, therefore, JhiIaliornmed Rallim Khan, for- I assist in getful of the valuable assistance t~liichthe Turko- cted tlint mans hail always given liiin in supplying the best ? the con- Inen for the defence of the Khanate, deuoullced .rial ~lans t,llein to I<anfmanii as robbers and outlaws, ad- the Tur- vantage was taken of these complaints to obtain srt in the distinction for the Russiali troops by an attack 011 tely falsi- these troublesome subjects of the Khivan ruler. laim and The Khan, who was anxious to regain possession le desert of 2lis artillery, stated that he could not keep the , with his Yomuds in order uilless tlie guns which had bee11 hing the captured were given back to hiin; and wlien the n of the question of tlie war indemnity was being discussed, .e united he, apparently in the hope of having it reduced, Lnce and declared that he could not be held answerable for was still its payment, as he could not compel tlie Turkomans fighting to pay their sllare of the fine. Kaufmann, there- Icinderly fore,returiled to the Khan some eighteen or nineteen scarcely of the pieces of artillery which had been captured, ,ufmann's and decided to himself enforce payment by the ~arredby Yornuds of their portion of the war indemnity. h gate of Tlie fact was ignored that, inmediately after n to the tlle capture of Khiva, the Yoniuds had sent lheir 1st Kauf- elilers to tlie Bussian camp with oirers of submis- had been sion, and llacl then been informed that they mrould it opera- be uilt,ouclied so long as they lived quietly and efore not, abstitined from pillage and robbery.
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