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TOWS Analysis for Sustainable Ecotourism Development and State Support During the Pandemic: the Aral Sea Region of Uzbekistan

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TOWS Analysis for Sustainable Ecotourism Development and State Support During the Pandemic: the Aral Sea Region of Uzbekistan Tourism / Turyzm Volume 31 Issue 1 Article 11 June 2021 TOWS analysis for sustainable ecotourism development and state support during the pandemic: The Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan Olimjon Saidmamatov Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics Umidjon Matyakubov Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics Elbek Khodjaniyazov Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics Jonathon Day Purdue University, School of Hospitality and Tourism Management Ergash Ibadullaev Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digijournals.uni.lodz.pl/turyzm Recommended Citation Saidmamatov, Olimjon; Matyakubov, Umidjon; Khodjaniyazov, Elbek; Day, Jonathon; Ibadullaev, Ergash; Chuponov, Sanat; Bekjanov, Dilmurad; Matniyozov, Murodjon; and Matyusupov, Bunyod (2021) "TOWS analysis for sustainable ecotourism development and state support during the pandemic: The Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan," Tourism / Turyzm: Vol. 31 : Iss. 1 , Article 11. DOI: 10.18778/0867-5856.31.1.16 Available at: https://digijournals.uni.lodz.pl/turyzm/vol31/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Social Sciences Journals at University of Lodz Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tourism / Turyzm by an authorized editor of University of Lodz Research Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TOWS analysis for sustainable ecotourism development and state support during the pandemic: The Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan Authors Olimjon Saidmamatov, Umidjon Matyakubov, Elbek Khodjaniyazov, Jonathon Day, Ergash Ibadullaev, Sanat Chuponov, Dilmurad Bekjanov, Murodjon Matniyozov, and Bunyod Matyusupov This article is available in Tourism / Turyzm: https://digijournals.uni.lodz.pl/turyzm/vol31/iss1/11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.31.1.16 e-ISSN 2080-6922, ISSN 0867-5856 Turyzm/Tourism 2021, 31/1 TOWS analysis for sustainable ecotourism development and state support during the pandemic: The Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan Olimjon Saidmamatovᵃ , Umidjon Matyakubovᵇ , Elbek Khodjaniyazovc , Jonathon Dayᵈ , Ergash Ibadullaevᵉ , Sanat Chuponovf , Dilmurad Bekjanovᵍ , Murodjon Matniyozovh , Bunyod Matyusupovi ᵃ Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0046-5521; e-mail: [email protected] ᵇ Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4888-3044; e-mail: [email protected] c Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-3148; e-mail: [email protected] ᵈ Purdue University, School of Hospitality and Tourism Management; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-9650; e-mail: [email protected] ᵉ Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7059-2510; e-mail: [email protected] f Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-9224; e-mail: [email protected] ᵍ Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8851-2240; e-mail: [email protected] h Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6233-2383; e-mail: [email protected] i Urgench State University, Faculty of Tourism and Economics; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8094-2126; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFORMATION DETAILS Evaluating the current ecotourism situation in the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan and Received: offering strategies for its sustainable development are the main objectives of the study. 12 April 2020 The threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths (TOWS) analysis was applied to Accepted: identify the required management strategies. The article aims to review the literature 11 May 2021 on ecotourism promotion in the Aral Sea region. Based on TOWS, the results show that Published: state support during the pandemic should be strategically coordinated to secure the 18 June 2021 sustainability of the ecotourism industry in Uzbekistan. KEYWORDS ecotourism, sustainable development, pandemic, Aral Sea region, Uzbekistan, explo- ratory study 1. Introduction export earnings generated by tourism in Uzbekistan have grown to 1.7 trillion USD (UNWTO, 2019). This The number of worldwide tourists has reached 1.5 bil- was believed to increase further in future years but lion which makes the sector a truly global force for eco- the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the situation nomic growth and development, driving the creation dramatically and now tourism is said to have been af- of more and better jobs and serving as a catalyst for fected more than other sectors. Since January 2020, vari- innovation and entrepreneurship (UNWTO, 2020) while ous restrictions have been imposed on visits to tourism How to cite (APA style): Saidmamatov, O., Matyakubov, U., Khodjaniyazov, E., Day, J., Ibadullaev, E., Chuponov, S., Bekjanov, D., Matniyozov, M., Matyusupov, B. (2021). TOWS analysis for sustainable ecotourism development and state support during the pandemic: The Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan. Turyzm/ Tourism, 31 (1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.31.1.16 48 Turyzm/Tourism 2021, 31/1 destinations. According to the second WTO report dated of a stakeholder engagement map, as well as a clus- 28 April, 100% of worldwide destinations have had ter approach. The research hypothesis is that the de- pandemic related travel restrictions (UNWTO, 2020). velopment of ecotourism in remote parts of Uzbekistan The spread of the coronavirus pandemic has had (i.e., Aral Sea region) is highly correlated with the state a profound negative impact on the sustainable devel- support provided during the COVID-19 pandemic. opment of tourism, as well as other sectors of economies. According to the data, the number of foreign tourists globally in January–August 2020 reduced by 700 million compared to the same period in 2019. Losses from the 2. Literature review export of tourist services amounted to 730 billion USD. Damage caused by the pandemic is eight times greater Tourism contributes to strengthening foreign exchange on tourism than the damage caused by the global rates, driving regional development, directly supporting financial and economic crisis in 2009 (UNWTO, 2020). several types of jobs and businesses and develops many Globally, many emerging economies rely largely on local communities. The tourism sector generates 4.4% tourist spending (Asadpourian, Rahimian, Gholamrezai, of GDP and 21.5% of service exports in OECD countries. 2020) which accounts for a significant contribution to These shares are much higher for several OECD count- the GDP of those countries (Azam, Alam, Hafeez, 2018). ries. For example, tourism in Spain contributes 11.8% Notably, Uzbekistan is making rapid reforms in the of GDP while travel represents 52.3% of total service tourism sector by cancelling visa requirements, and exports, in Mexico these figures are 8.7% and 78.3%, establishing direct flights with major European cities. It in Iceland 8.6% and 47.7%, in Portugal 8.0% and 51.1%, is known that the benefits of an activity cannot guarantee and in France 7.4% and 22.2% (UNWTO, 2020). its sustainability and concerns are raised about what the Ecotourism is one of the most important activities that economy wants to generate in return. In other words, can conserve natural and cultural resources and bring what is going to happen to the host community and economic benefits to both local people and national environment as tourist revenue increases? government at the same time. A successful plan for In recent years, the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan has ecotourism is a function of developing precise goals emerged as an attractive new destination for incoming and criteria (Demir, Esbah, Akgun, 2016). It is a fact foreign and domestic tourists. The development of that ecotourism, if developed sustainably, can have tourism in the Aral Sea region contributes to employment a less negative environmental impact, reduce adverse and income opportunities for local people while the externalities, increase cultural and environmental generated revenue can be further used to update the in- integrity, make resource management more effective, frastructure in the territory (Saidmamatow, Rudenko, and bring extra financial wellbeing (UNEP, 2013). Pfister, Koziel, 2020). From a practical point of view, as Ecotourism is about integrating conservation, com- of January 1, 2021, over 1500 tour operators are registered munities and sustainable development. It means in Uzbekistan but only 4% of them are registered in the that ecotourism activities should be in line with key Khorezm region and 2% in Karakalpakstan. This means principles: to minimize negative environmental that most of the incoming investment via tourism is impacts; to build environmental and cultural awareness staying in the capital city of Tashkent and Samarkand and respect; to provide positive engagement for the second-largest city leading to an imbalance in both visitors and hosts; to provide direct economic regional economic growth as well as poor destination interests for conservation; grant financial benefits and management, marketing and the logistics of tourism in empowerment for local people; and establish sensitivity general in the Aral Sea region (UzbekTourism, 2020). to host countries’ environmental and social climate The research gap that motivated
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