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Connectivity in Education: Status and Recent Developments in 9 Non-EU Countries

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Connectivity in Education: Status and Recent Developments in 9 Non-EU Countries CONNECTIVITY IN EDUCATION STATUS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN 9 NON-EU COUNTRIES © ITU March 2021 Version 1.0 Living Document Connectivity in Education: Status and recent developments in 9 non-EU countries ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper was developed by the ITU Office for Europe within the framework of the ITU Regional Initiative for Europe on broadband infrastructure, broadcasting and spectrum management. It was elaborated by ITU Office for Europe team including Mr. Iago Bojczuk, Junior Policy Analyst, and Mr. Julian McNeill, Consultant, under the supervision and direction of Mr. Jaroslaw Ponder, Head of ITU Office for Europe. The paper was prepared as a draft document and background contribution to the ITU Regional Forum for Europe on Meaningful Connectivity, held on 8 and 9 March 2020. Version 1.0 of this document is an advanced draft that is being submitted to the relevant National Regulatory Authorities for review and further input. The final version of this document is to be released following the ITU Regional Forum for Europe on Meaningful Connectivity, taking into consideration the discussions held and feedbacks received from different stakeholders. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. As school connectivity implementation is an dynamic process this document is treated as a living document that can be amended at any point of time depending on the availability of additional information. 2 Connectivity in Education: Status and recent developments in 9 non-EU countries Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 THE RECENT LANDSCAPE ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE PAPER...................................................................................................................................... 6 2. REGIONAL OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM AND STATUS OF BROADBAND .......................................................................... 8 2.2 GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES, STATUS OF THE EDUCATION QUALITY, AND THE ROLE OF ICTS .............................................. 13 2.3 MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PARTNERSHIPS AND FINANCING MECHANISMS FOSTERING INVESTMENT IN SCHOOL CONNECTIVITY ........ 17 2.4 NATIONAL RESPONSES TO COVID-19 AND PEDAGOGIC INITIATIVES FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION ....................................... 19 3.1 REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA ................................................................................................................................ 21 3.1.1 Overview of the education system and status of broadband ........................................................... 21 3.1.2 Government strategies, status of the education quality, and the role of ICTs .................................. 22 3.1.3 Multi-stakeholder partnerships and financing mechanisms fostering investment in school connectivity ................................................................................................................................................. 24 3.1.4 National responses to COVID-19 and pedagogic initiatives for distance education .......................... 25 3.2 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ....................................................................................................................... 30 3.2.1 Overview of the education system and status of broadband ........................................................... 30 3.2.2 Government strategies, status of the education quality, and the role of ICTs .................................. 32 3.2.3 Multi-stakeholder partnerships and financing mechanisms fostering investment in school connectivity ................................................................................................................................................. 35 3.2.4 National responses to COVID-19 and pedagogic initiatives for distance education .......................... 35 3.3 REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA ............................................................................................................. 77 3.3.1 Overview of the education system and status of broadband ........................................................... 77 3.3.2 Government strategies, status of the education quality, and the role of ICTs .................................. 79 3.3.3 Multi-stakeholder partnerships and financing mechanisms fostering investment in school connectivity ................................................................................................................................................. 83 3.3.4 National responses to COVID-19 and pedagogic initiatives for distance education .......................... 85 3.4 MONTENEGRO ............................................................................................................................................ 65 3.4.1 Overview of the education system and status of broadband ........................................................... 65 3.4.2 Government strategies, status of the education quality, and the role of ICTs .................................. 67 3.4.3 Multi-stakeholder partnerships and financing mechanisms fostering investment in school connectivity ................................................................................................................................................. 70 3.4.4 National responses to COVID-19 and pedagogic initiatives for distance education .......................... 72 3.5 REPUBLIC OF SERBIA ................................................................................................................................... 90 3.5.1 Overview of the education system and status of broadband ........................................................... 90 3.5.2 Government strategies, status of the education quality, and the role of ICTs .................................. 92 3.5.3 Multi-stakeholder partnerships and financing mechanisms fostering investment in school connectivity ................................................................................................................................................. 95 3.5.4 National responses to COVID-19 and pedagogic initiatives for distance education .......................... 97 3.6 GEORGIA..................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.6.1 Overview of the education system and status of broadband ........................................................... 39 3.6.2 Government strategies, status of the education quality, and the role of ICTs .................................. 41 3.6.3 Multi-stakeholder partnerships and financing mechanisms fostering investment in school connectivity ................................................................................................................................................. 45 3 Connectivity in Education: Status and recent developments in 9 non-EU countries 3.6.4 National responses to COVID-19 and pedagogic initiatives for distance education .......................... 47 3.7 REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA ............................................................................................................................. 52 3.7.1 Overview of the education system and status of broadband ........................................................... 52 3.7.2 Government strategies, status of the education quality, and the role of ICTs .................................. 54 3.7.3 Multi-stakeholder partnerships and financing mechanisms fostering investment in school connectivity ................................................................................................................................................. 57 3.7.4 National responses to COVID-19 and pedagogic initiatives for distance education .......................... 59 3.8 TURKEY ..................................................................................................................................................... 103 3.8.1 Overview of the education system and status of broadband ......................................................... 103 3.8.2 Government strategies, status of the education quality, and the role of ICTs ................................ 105 3.8.3 Multi-stakeholder partnerships and financing mechanisms fostering investment in school connectivity ............................................................................................................................................... 109 3.8.4 National responses to COVID-19 and pedagogic initiatives for distance education ........................ 112 3.9 UKRAINE ................................................................................................................................................... 117 3.9.1 Overview of the education system and status of broadband ......................................................... 117 3.9.2 Government strategies, status of the education quality, and the role of ICTs ................................ 119 3.9.3 Multi-stakeholder partnerships and financing mechanisms fostering investment in school connectivity ..............................................................................................................................................
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