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Dam-Break Flood Risk Management : Nakdong River Case Studies

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Dam-Break Flood Risk Management : Nakdong River Case Studies DamDam--BreakBreak FloodFlood RiskRisk ManagementManagement :: NakdongNakdong RiverRiver CaseCase StudiesStudies Soontak LEE Professor of civil and Hydrosystems Engineering Dean, Graduate School of Industrial Sc. & Tech. Yeungnam University Daegu 712-749, Korea Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA Dam, like “all structures, will be broken in the end — just as all people will die in the future. It is the purpose of the medicine and engineering to postpone these occurrence for a decent interval”. (J. F. Gordon) Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA ModernModern damdam safetysafety regulationsregulations ! Risk assessment at downstream floodplains ! Consideration of potential damages due to dam-break — to increase the safety level along the river basin against abnormal floods caused by dam accidents ! Following items should be considered by dam managers or exploitants : — dam risk classification — design flood selection criteria — inundation maps and zoning — basin vulnerability to floods Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA MainMain objectivesobjectives ! To improve the engineering capability for dam-break flow analysis and prediction on real complex situations ! To develop methodologies and guidelines for dam-break flood risk management in Nakdong River, Korea, as a first step toward a new integrated flood safety system based on structural and non-structural measures ! To create a new concept for operational crisis control and integrated dam safety management Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA IntegratedIntegrated damdam safetysafety conceptconcept – supported by three pillars : ! Technical - operational — dam design, construction and exploitation — minimize the failure probability ! Monitoring — opportunity to observe and control the dam behavior ! Emergency and risk management — planning and organization along the basin and all emergency procedures in order to anticipate and mitigate the downstream dangers from a dam accident " To develop new methodologies for this third aspect Downstream risk level DAM OWNERS AUTHORITIES CONSTRAINTS AND REGULATIONS - a new concept SAFE DESIGN AND OPERATION W YEUNGNAMater University, Daegu, KOREA P P P P U U U U B B B B R L L L L esources I I I I C C C C P P P DRL P A LO A LO A LO A SOCIETY BENEFITS LO R R R R I I I BETTER PROTECTION I NF NF NF NF C C C T C T T T A A I A I A I I C C C PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND MEDIA C O O O O L L L L I I I I R PA PA PA R PA R R R B B B B esearch M M M M E E E E T T T T A A A A N N N N I I I I O TI O TI O TI O TI E E E E N O N O N O N O F F F F N N N N I I I I AN AN AN AN T T T T S S S S D D D D D D D D C enter M M M M E E E E D D D D I I I I A A A A PUBLIC Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA SocialSocial sciencessciences contributionscontributions toto damsdams andand safetysafety managementmanagement atat downstreamdownstream basinsbasins To know in order to define and support intervention Risk informing UNDERSTAND… communication without alarming Specific features of communities in floodable areas Who is at risk ? Local authorities Dam break risk public perception People living in disaster support institutions Sociological, demographic disaster support institutions People beliefs, attitudes, judgments and and housing knowledge feelings towards dam’s risks, benefits and safety AIMS… Socio--geographical geographical Socio--structural structural Promote acceptability and viability Diagnoses of vulnerabilities SSocioocioocio---demographicdemographic of warning systems against spillways Socio--cognitive cognitive And dam break risk Guarantee the efficiency of emergency plans in case of dam break Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA NakdongNakdong riverriver basinbasin channelchannel systemsystem withwith damsdams Nakdong River system with a catchment area of 23,393.7km2 Andong Dam and a river length of 509.7km Dalji Imha Dam – largest river system in river Andong Sabeol length and 2nd in catchment area Nakdong – 7 large multi-purpose dams in Gumi operation Youngcheon Dam Goryeunggyo Unmun Dam Hapcheon Dam Milryang Dam Jeokpogyo Namgang Dam Jindong Samrangjin Gupo EstuaryEstuary barrage Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA DamsDams inin NakdongNakdong riverriver basinbasin Dam Andong Imha Hapcheon Namgang Milryang Yeungcheon Unmun Index Dam type ECRD ECRD CG CFRD CFRD ECRD ECRD Dam height(m) 83.0 73.0 96.0 34.0 89.0 42.0 55.0 Total storage 1,248.0 595.0 790.0 309.2 73.6 96.4 135.3 capacity(106m3) PMF peak inflow (m3/s) 9,913.0 9,362.0 8,984.0 14,892.0 3,054.0 2,959.0 7,594.0 Reservoir area in 60.0 31.0 30.3 53.0 2.5 7.2 7.8 HWL(km2) Dam crest length(m) 612.0 515.0 472.0 1,126.5 535.0 300.0 407.0 Dam crest width(m) 8.0 10.0 10.0 7.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 Dam upper slope(1V:H) 2.0 2.2 0.1 1.5 1.4 2.7 2.2 Dam down slope(1V:zH) 1.7 1.8 0.8 1.5 1.4 2.0 1.8 Core mean slope 0.18 0.25 - 0.25 0.30 0.20 0.20 (1V:zH) Dam foundation 200.0 200.0 75.0 135.0 230.0 160.0 138.0 width(m) Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA DAMDAM--BREAKBREAK FLOODFLOOD SIMULATIONSIMULATION Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA Choice of the breach model Model depend on the objectives : ! To simulate a more accurate outflow for flood mapping and for a risk assessment analysis ; ! To support crisis management (including a potential evacuation action) during a dam incident with a threat of dam overtopping or piping ; ! To reproduce a dam incident with failure and opening of a breach Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA Dam-break flood simulation model Models used : ! Parametric model (DAMBRK model) ! Physical - parametric model (BREACH model) Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA Dam - break mechanism and outflow hydrograph ! Breach formation (breach width, time and shape) assumed or estimated ! Different flood hydrograph types and flood peak values (including PMF) as well as reservoir water level before dam- break considered ! Dam-break flood peak values and outflow hydrographs estimated and compared with results by empirical estimation Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA DamDam -- breakbreak floodflood peakpeak dischargesdischarges byby differentdifferent modelsmodels Unit : m3/s Dam Andong Imha Hapcheon Namgang Milryang Yeungcheon Unmun Model BREACH 92,964 78,749 - - - 20,522 51,327 BREACH + DAMBRK 105,598 79,143 - - - 26,609 38,778 B (m) B b 55.3 48.3 61.0 17.0 59.3 28.0 36.7 avr T(hr) (0.1hr) (0.1hr) (0.1hr) 1.0 154,159 108,423 25,717 42,596 94,686 23,667 159,000 (0.2hr) (0.2hr) (0.2hr) 1Hd 2.0 145,645 98,959 22,717 37,291 94,206 23,716 129,723 (1.0hr) (1.0hr) 3.0 137,568 90,088 - 20,094 32,017 24,063 40,345 B (m) B b 110.7 97.7 122.0 34.0 118.7 56.0 73.3 avr T(hr) (0.1hr) (0.1hr) (0.1hr) 1.0 221,818 145,400 35,133 58,556 148,682 35,690 217,403 DAMBRK (0.2hr) (0.2hr) (0.2hr) 2Hd 2.0 204,309 125,153 29,173 47,116 146,321 35,653 163,388 (1.0hr) (1.0hr) 3.0 187,839 106,580 - 24,027 37,145 35,343 43,494 B (m) B b 166.0 146.0 183.0 68.0 178.0 84.0 110.0 avr T(hr) (0.1hr) (0.1hr) (0.1hr) 1.0 283,917 166,193 43,528 72,551 280,616 48,907 263,248 (0.2hr) (0.2hr) (0.2hr) 3Hd 2.0 254,371 135,274 33,580 53,231 276,699 47,660 184,169 (1.0hr) (1.0hr) 3.0 226,701 113,929 - 25,808 39,129 46,589 45,512 Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA UncertaintyUncertainty analysisanalysis ofof damdam -- breakbreak floodflood peakpeak dischargesdischarges 1,000,000 Hagen(1982, Envelope Eq. based on S*Hd) MacDonald and Langridge-Monopolis(1984, based on S*Hd) Costa(1985, based on S*Hd) BREACH BREACH+DAMBRK DAMBRK(BREACH + 1 Hd) DAMBRK(BREACH + 2 Hd) DAMBRK(2 Hd, 1 hr) 100,000 DAMBRK(2 Hd, 2 hr) /s) 3 Fro ehlich(1995a) Peak Outflow(m 10,000 1,000 1.E+06 1.E+07 1.E+08 1.E+09 1.E+10 1.E+11 1.E+12 Total Reservoir Storage (S)*Dam height(Hd) (m4 ) Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA DamDam -- breachbreach shapeshape (Andong(Andong dam)dam) L = 612.0m Bt = 332.0m EL. 166.0m EL. 151.0m 1:1 83.0m Bb = 166.0m Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA DamDam -- breachbreach shapeshape (Imha(Imha dam)dam) L = 515.0m B = 292.0m t EL. 168.0m EL. 151.0m 1:1 1:1 73.0m Bb = 146.0m Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA DamDam -- breachbreach shapeshape (Hapcheon(Hapcheon dam)dam) L = 472.0m B = 183.0 m EL. 181.0m t EL.166.0m 96.0m Bb = 183.0 m Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA DamDam -- breakbreak floodflood outflowoutflow hydrographhydrograph 300,000 Andong dam Qp = 283,917cms 250,000 200,000 Im h a d a m Q p = 166,193cms /sec) 3 150,000 Hapcheon dam Qp = 148,682cms 100,000 Dis c harge (m 50,000 0 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 Time ( hr) Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA DAMDAM -- BREAKBREAK FLOODFLOOD WAVEWAVE ANALYSISANALYSIS ANDAND INUNDATIONINUNDATION MAPPINGMAPPING Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA Flood wave simulation model Models used : ! HEC-RAS Version 3.1.1 ! DAMBRK model — compared in solution of governing equations, use of GIS and input of channel cross section data — found HEC-RAS Ⅴ.3.1.1 more efficient in GIS application and geographic data input Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA Geographical - spatial simulation by GIS Models
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