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Brief by Professor François Larocque Research Chair In
BRIEF BY PROFESSOR FRANÇOIS LAROCQUE RESEARCH CHAIR IN LANGUAGE RIGHTS UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA PRESENTED TO THE SENATE STANDING COMMITTEE ON OFFICIAL LANGUAGES AS PART OF ITS STUDY OF THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGES REFORM PROPOSAL UNVEILED ON FEBRUARY 19, 2021, BY THE MINISTER OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND OFFICIAL LANGUAGES, ENGLISH AND FRENCH: TOWARDS A SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY OF OFFICIAL LANGUAGES IN CANADA MAY 31, 2021 Professor François Larocque Faculty of Law, Common Law Section University of Ottawa 57 Louis Pasteur Ottawa, ON K1J 6N5 Telephone: 613-562-5800, ext. 3283 Email: [email protected] 1. Thank you very much to the honourable members of the Senate Standing Committee on Official Languages (the “Committee”) for inviting me to testify and submit a brief as part of the study of the official languages reform proposal entitled French and English: Towards a Substantive Equality of Official Languages in Canada (“the reform proposal”). A) The reform proposal includes ambitious and essential measures 2. First, I would like to congratulate the Minister of Economic Development and Official Languages for her leadership and vision. It is, in my opinion, the most ambitious official languages reform proposal since the enactment of the Constitution Act, 1982 (“CA1982”)1 and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (“Charter”),2 which enshrined the main provisions of the Official Languages Act (“OLA”)3 of 1969 in the Canadian Constitution. The last reform of the OLA was in 1988 and it is past time to modernize it to adapt it to Canada’s linguistic realities and challenges in the 21st century. 3. The Charter and the OLA proclaim that “English and French are the official languages of Canada and have equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the Parliament and government of Canada.”4 In reality, however, as reported by Statistics Canada,5 English is dominant everywhere, while French is declining, including in Quebec. -
Companies Act Discussion Paper
PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENTS TO THE NOVA SCOTIA COMPANIES ACT A DISCUSSION PAPER 2005 Prepared for Service Nova Scotia and Municipal Relations by COX HANSON O'REILLY MATHESON Crown copyright © 2005, Province of Nova Scotia, all rights reserved. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................- 1 - 2. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................................- 4 - A. The Role of the Court in Amalgamations and Fundamental Changes of ULCs (Chapter 3) ........................................................................................................ - 4 - B. The Role of the Court in Reductions of Capital (Chapter 4) ................................ - 5 - C. The Role of the Court in the Restoration of Struck-Off Companies (Chapter 5)..... - 7 - D. The Role of the Court in The Alteration of the Memorandum of Association (Chapter 6) - 8 - Recommendation .............................................................................................. - 9 - E. Financing Share Purchases (Chapter 7) ............................................................... - 9 - F. Capital of Continuing Companies (Chapter 8)..................................................... - 9 - G. Authorized Capital Limits (Chapter 9)............................................................... - 10 - H. Special Resolutions and Shareholders' and Directors' Meetings (Chapter 10) .... - 12 - I. Documents to be available at the Registered -
Jurisdictional Dilemmas in Resource Industries I
1979) JURISDICTIONALDILEMMAS 91 JURISDICTIONALDILEMMAS IN RESOURCEINDUSTRIES WILLIAM M. ELLIOTT• This paper highlights constitutional dilemmas posed by the Canadian constitution in matters of resource regulation., marketing and taxation., with particular em phasis on Saskatchewan. The background to and impact of the CIGOL case is examined, including a discussion of the issues of direct tazation and the trade and commerce power. Ancillary matters such as recovery of payments under invalid laws and techniques of interim relief also receive scndiny. Similar problems in the potash and uranium industries are analyzed. I. INTRODUCTION The dilemmas posed by constitutional limitations on the powers of provincial governments and the federal government are not confined to oil and gas, but include all resources. Oil and gas are merely part of a larger question. Furthermore, the problems vary from region to region and province to province, and the approaches and solutions vary with the political philosophy of governments of the day. The struggle is not new and will not go away even in the event of constitutional change. Corporations, whether private or publicly owned, will always be faced with the discipline of the bottom line and governments with the real or fancied "need" of politicians and tax gatherers. The words "fair", "reasonable," "just' and "unconstitu tional" will continue to be heard. One should not expect any so-called solutions to be more than a te.mporary lull before another storm. In a huge country divided by regions, and governed by a federal system with divided constitutional powers, the possibilities of disagreement are endless. II. HISTORY Sections 91 and 92 of the British North America Act 1 give rise to most of the jurisdictional questions. -
1St Session 19Th Legislature
JOURNALS of the LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY of the Province of Saskatchewan From the 22nd day of February. 1979 to the 3rd day of May. 1979 In the Twenty-eighth Year of the Reign of Our Sovereign Lady, Queen Elizabeth II BEING THE FIRST SESSION OF THE NINETEENTH LEGISLATURE OF THE PROVINCE OF SASKATCHEWAN Session, 1979 REGINA: R. S. REID. QUEEN'S PRINTER 1979 VOLUME LXXXV CONTENTS Session, 1979 JOURNALS of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan including QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Pages 1 to 197 JOURNALS of the Leg1slat1ve Assembly of Saskatchewan Pages 1 to 194 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Appendix Pages 195 to 197 MEETING OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY CAMERON IRWIN MclNTOSH. Lieutenant Governor, (L.S.) CANADA PROVINCE OF SASKATCHEWAN ELIZABETHTHE SECOND. by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom. Canada and Her other Realms and Territories QUEEN. Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. TO OUR FAITHFUL the MEMBERS elected to serve in the Legislative Assembly of Our Province of Saskatchewan. and to every one of you. GREETING: A PROCLAMATION DR. R. GOSSE. WHEREAS. it is expedient for causes Deputy and considerations to convene the Attorney General Legislative Assembly of Our Prov- ince of Saskatchewan. WE DO WILL that you and each of you and all others in this behalf interested on THURSDAY. the TWENTY-SECOND day of FEBRUARY. 1979, at Our City of Regina. personally be and appear for the despatch of Business. there to take into consideration the state and welfare of Our said Province of Saskatchewan and thereby do as may seem necessary. HEREIN FAIL NOT. IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF we have caused Our Letters to be made Patent and the Great Seal of Our said Province of Saskatchewan to be hereunto affixed. -
Companies Act
CAYMAN ISLANDS COMPANIES ACT (2021 Revision) Supplement No. 8 published with Legislation Gazette No. 4 of 12th January, 2021. PUBLISHING DETAILS Cap. 22 [Law 3 of 1961 and 12 of 1962] of the 1963 Revised Edition of the Laws consolidated with Laws 12 of 1962, 9 of 1966, 1 of 1971, 7 of 1973, 24 of 1974, 25 of 1975, 19 of 1977, 16 of 1978, 6 of 1980, 21 of 1981, 34 of 1983, 2 of 1984, 22 of 1984, 15 of 1985, 38 of 1985, 24 of 1987, 14 of 1988, 14 of 1989, 10 of 1990, 3 of 1991, 23 of 1991 (part), 11 of 1992, 3 of 1993, 23 of 1993, 33 of 1993, 2 of 1994, 8 of 1994, 14 of 1996, 26 of 1997, 4 of 1998, 6 of 1998, 20 of 1998 (part), 5 of 1999, 7 of 2000 (part), 5 of 2001, 10 of 2001, 29 of 2001, 46 of 2001, 22 of 2002, 26 of 2002, 28 of 2003, 13 of 2006, 15 of 2007, 12 of 2009, 33 of 2009, 37 of 2010, 16 of 2011, 29 of 2011, 6 of 2012, 14 of 2012, 29 of 2012, 1 of 2013, 6 of 2013, 14 of 2015, 3 of 2016, 2 of 2017, 42 of 2017, 37 of 2018, 46 of 2018, 10 of 2019, 56 of 2020 and the Companies (Amendment of Schedule) Order, 2011, Schedule 4 of the Companies Law Departmental Notice, 2015 and Schedule 4 of the Companies Law Departmental Notice, 2017. Revised under the authority of the Law Revision Act (2020 Revision). -
Treaty Implementation: Fulfilling the Covenant
TREATY IMPLEMENTATION: FULFILLING THE COVENANT Office of the Treaty Commissioner Saskatoon, Saskatchewan © Office of the Treaty Commissioner 2007. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Office of the Treaty Commissioner. ISBN 978 – 0 – 9782685 – 0 – 3 Printed in Canada Published by the Office of the Treaty Commissioner Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Publication of this book has been made possible with the cooperation of the Saskatchewan Institute of Public Policy Treaty Implementation: Fulfilling the Covenant Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL . vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . xii SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS . xix 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 The Exploratory Treaty Table . 3 Two Perspectives on the Treaties . 4 The Statement of Treaty Issues . 5 The “Made in Saskatchewan” Process . 7 The Governance Agreements in Principle . 8 About This Report . 9 2. THE INTENTIONS OF THE TREATY PARTIES . 15 Spirit and Intent of Treaties: The Elders’ Understanding . 15 a) Elders’ Understanding of Treaty Principles . 17 b) Wîtaskêwin – Living Together on the Land . 18 c) Elements of Treaty that Require Flexibility and Adaptability . 20 The Numbered Treaties: Canada’s Understandings . 21 a) The Policy of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 . 22 b) Legislative Policies and the Indian Act . 24 c) Treaties in the Modern Era . 26 Conclusion: Identifying Common Intentions as a Guide to the Future . 27 3. APPROACHES AT THE EXPLORATORY TREATY TABLE . 29 Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations Approach . 30 Canada’s Approach . 31 Common Understandings . -
209 AMENDING the BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT. Every
209 AMENDING THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT. Every Canadian should be inspired by the vision of the Fathers of Confederation in their conception of one vast nation of the British Provinces in North America, stretching from sea to sea, and by the ability and courage they displayed in putting their patriotic vision into practical effect. But the B .N.A. Act makes no special provision for its amendment and the suggestion is sometimes made that this point was overlooked. I believe the Fathers of Confederation assumed that any amendments to the Act would, as the occasion arose, be made by the Imperial Parliament . I can find no reference in pre-Confederation speeches to the amendment of the proposed Act, except that in the debates of the Canadian Parliament of 1865 the Hon . D'Arcy McGee said :- "We go to the Imperial Government, the common arbiter of us all, in our true Federal metropolis-we go there to ask for our fundamental Charter. We hope, by having that Charter can that only be amended by the authority that made it, that we will lay the basis of permanency for our future government." -"Canada Confederation Debates", (1865) page 146. There is a very substantial part of the Canadian Constitution outside the B.N.A. Act, which, following British precedent, grows. and develops. The B .N.A. Act, however, can only be amended by statute and, defining as it does the legislative power of the Dominion and provinces respectively, the question as to how it should be amended has of late years become a matter of increasing importance . -
Corporate Governance of Non-Listed Companies in Emerging Markets
Corporate Governance of Non-Listed Companies in Emerging Markets While the corporate governance debate has mostly focused on listed companies with dispersed shareholdings, issues such as financial transparency, the role of access to outside capital and conflict resolution are just as important for non-listed and family controlled companies which play a major role in many economies. Participants in OECD’s global corporate governance dialogue have started to address the different aspects of corporate governance in these companies. This publication provides policy makers, board members, managers, equity providers, creditors and other stakeholders an overview of the issues to be addressed in establishing good corporate governance of non-listed companies. Corporate Contributors to this publication are policy makers, regulators and practitioners, Governance mostly from emerging markets and developing countries including Brazil, China, India, Lebanon and Mexico. Drawing on their varied experiences, the contributors address key corporate governance issues such as the role of of Non-Listed professional managers, the implications of specific control and ownership structures; the unique characteristics of corporate governance of non-listed Companies companies, the adequate transparency requirements in non-listed companies, and how policy makers should inform themselves in order to facilitate better Markets Emerging in Companies Non-Listed of Governance Corporate in Emerging corporate governance and business performance in non-listed companies. Markets -
Indian Reserves on the Prairies 243
1985] INDIAN RESERVES ON THE PRAIRIES 243 INDIAN RESERVES ON THE PRAIRIES RICHARD H. BARTLETT~ Indian reserves comprise the only land left to the Indians of the Prairie Provinces. This paper endeavors to examine and explain the rights of ownership and administra tion held by the Indians and Governments in such lands. It endeavors to determine what the treaties between the Indians and the Crown promised and to what extent they have been fulfilled. Rights with respect to minerals and timber are examined in the course of the study. I. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF INDIANS RESERVES BY TREATY 1 Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan make up the Prairie Provinces of Canada. The southern reaches of the Provinces were the traditional lands of the plains' tribes: the Plains Cree, the Assiniboine, the Gros Ventre, the Blackfoot and the Sarcee. 2 To the north the forests were the territory of the Chipewyan, Beaver, Slave and Sekani tribes. 3 The traditional title of the Indians to their lands was recognized in the terms of the treaties that were entered into between the Crown in the right of the Dominion and the Indians. The treaties provided for the surrender of the Indian title in return for the establishment of reserves, guarantees as to hunting and fishing rights, annuities and certain social and economic undertakings. The treaties were entered into as the pressure of settlement and development demanded. Indian title in southern Manitoba and Saskat chewan was surrendered by Treaties #1 (1871), #2 (1871), #3 (1873) and #4 (1874). Central Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta was surrendered by Treaties #5 (1875) and #6 (1876). -
S.C.C. File No. 35923 in the SUPREME COURT of CANADA (ON APPEAL from the COURT of APPEAL for SASKATCHEWAN) a TTORNEY GENERAL
S.C.C. File No. 35923 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA (ON APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF APPEAL FOR SASKATCHEWAN) A TTORNEY GENERAL FOR SASKATCHEWAN APPELLANT (Respondent) - and- LEMARE LAKE LOGGING LTD. RESPONDENT (Appellant) - and- ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ONTARIO, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ALBERTA INTERVENERS FACTUM OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR SASKATCHEWAN (Filed Pursuant to s 42 of the Supreme Court Rules) SASKATCHEWAN MINISTRY OF GOWLING LAFLEUR HENDERSON JUSTICE LLP Constitutional Law Barristers and Solicitors 820 - 1874 Scarth Street 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 REGINA SK S4P 4B3 OTTAWA ON KIP lC3 Tel: (306) 787-6307 Tel: (613) 786-8695 Fax: (306) 787-9111 Fax: (613) 788-3509 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Thomson Irvine D. Lynne Watt Katherine Roy Counsel for the Attorney General for Ottawa Agents for Attorney General for Saskatchewan Saskatchewan - 2 - MACPHERSON LESLIE & TYERMAN DENTONS CANADA LLP 1500,410 - 22 nd Avenue East 99 Bank Street, Suite 1420 SASKATOON SK S7K 5T6 OTTAWA ON KIP 1H4 Tel: (306) 975-7136 Tel: (613) 783-9600 Fax: (306) 945-7145 Fax: (613) 783-9690 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Jeffrey M. Lee, Q.c. K. Scott McLean Kristen MacDonald Corey A. Villeneuve (Law Clerk) Counsel for amicus curiae Ottawa Agents for the amicus curiae MINISTRY OF THE ATTORNEY BURKE-ROBERTSON GENERAL OF ONTARIO 441 MacLaren Street Constitutional Law Branch Suite 200 4th Floor - 720 Bay Street OTTA WA ON K2P 2H3 TORONTO ON M7 A 2S9 Tel: (416) 326-0131 Tel: (613) 236-9665 Fax: (416) 326-4015 Fax: (613) 235-4430 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Michael Dunn Robert E. -
Interprovincial Sovereign Immunity Revisited Janet Walker Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, [email protected]
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by York University, Osgoode Hall Law School Osgoode Hall Law Journal Article 5 Volume 35, Number 2 (Summer 1997) Interprovincial Sovereign Immunity Revisited Janet Walker Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj Article Citation Information Walker, Janet. "Interprovincial Sovereign Immunity Revisited." Osgoode Hall Law Journal 35.2 (1997) : 379-397. http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol35/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Osgoode Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Osgoode Hall Law Journal by an authorized editor of Osgoode Digital Commons. Interprovincial Sovereign Immunity Revisited Abstract The onc ventional wisdom has been that the Canadian provincial Crowns are immune from the jurisdiction of the courts of other Canadian provinces just as they are immune from the jurisdiction of foreign courts. This reflects the old views that the provinces are like foreign countries for the purposes of the conflict of laws and that court jurisdiction over the Crown is purely a creature of statute. Recent recognition of the constitutional bases for court jurisdiction and the need to reassess conflict of laws rules in light of the principles of Canadian federalism invites us to revisit interprovincial sovereign immunity, especially as it could arise in multi-province class actions against the Crowns in right of the provinces. This article is available in Osgoode Hall Law Journal: http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol35/iss2/5 INTERPROVINCIAL SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY REVISITED© BY JANET WALKER* The conventional wisdom has been that the Canadian La philosophic traditionnelle est a l'effet que provincial Crowns are immune from the jurisdiction of l'immunit6 des Couronnes provinciales s'6tend aux the courts of other Canadian provinces just as they are tribunaux des autres provinces canadiennes. -
Parliamentary Treasures Trésors
A Glimpse Inside the Archives of the Senate of Canada of Senate the of Archives the Inside Glimpse A PARLIAMENTARY TREASURES PARLIAMENTARY PARLIAMENTARY TREASURES | TRÉSORS PARLEMENTAIRES TRÉSORS PARLEMENTAIRES Regard sur les Archives du Sénat du Canada PARLIAMENTARY TREASURES A Glimpse Inside the Archives of the Senate of Canada Cataloguing in Publication: Y9-19/2014 ISBN: 978-1-100-54780-0 © Senate of Canada 2014 All rights reserved. All copyrights in the illustrations are held by the Senate of Canada unless otherwise indicated. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Standing Committee on Internal Economy, Budgets and Administration, Senate of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0A4. PARLIAMENTARY TREASURES A Glimpse Inside the Archives of the Senate of Canada TABLE OF CONTENTS Letters of Welcome 1 From the Speaker of the Senate 3 From the Clerk of the Senate and Clerk of the Parliaments Introduction History of Canada 14 The Birth of Confederation 18 The Birth of New Regions 21 The First Years 24 The World Wars and the Great Depression 28 The Modern World Transportation 37 Transport by Land: The Era of Railways 39 Transport by Water: From Canoes to Ships 41 Transport by Air: The Age of Aircraft Canadian Society 46 Official Languages 47 Acadians 47 Women 50 Aboriginal Peoples 51 Human Rights 52 Marriage and Divorce 53 Multiculturalism 56 The Arts 58