APPENDIX 10: Hydrogeology, Hydrology, Water Quality & Flood Risk

Contents

Appendix 10.1 Sump & Lagoon Dimensions

APPENDIX 10.1

SUMP & LAGOON DIMENSIONS

model run parameters catchment area (m2) 167450 infiltration model Green-Ampt storm profile 75% winter soil type clay return period (years) 100 1440 to 2880 by 60 durations (min.) increments batter 3 ratio of lagoon sides 5 depth (m) 2

sump settlement lagoon duration total runoff pump rate volume length width length width emptying time (min.) (m3) (m3/h) area (m2) (m3) (m) (m) area (m2) (m) (m) (days) 2460 14361 12 8174 13939 156.6 52.2 333.3 40.8 8.2 48.4 2460 14361 13 8155 13904 156.4 52.1 361.1 42.5 8.5 44.6 1980 14273 14 8136 13870 156.2 52.1 368.9 44.1 8.8 41.3 1980 14273 15 8121 13841 156.1 52 416.7 45.6 9.1 38.4

Appendix Q10.1.doc, 20/08/09 APPENDIX 10.1

model run parameters catchment area (m2) 167450 infiltration model Green-Ampt storm profile 50% summer soil type clay return period (years) 100 1440 to 2880 by 60 durations (min.) increments batter 3 ratio of lagoon sides 5 depth (m) 2

sump settlement lagoon duration total runoff pump rate volume length width length width emptying time (min.) (m3) (m3/h) area (m2) (m3) (m) (m) area (m2) (m) (m) (days) 2460 14409 12 8199 13985 156.8 52.3 333.3 40.8 8.2 48.6 2460 14409 13 8180 13950 156.7 52.2 361.1 42.5 8.5 44.7 1980 14321 14 8161 13916 156.5 52.2 368.9 44.1 8.8 41.4 1980 14321 15 8146 13887 156.3 52.1 416.7 45.6 9.1 38.6

Appendix Q10.1.doc, 20/08/09 APPENDIX 10.1

sump settlement lagoon duration total runoff pump rate volume length width length width emptying time (min.) (m3) (m3/h) area (m2) (m3) (m) (m) area (m2) (m) (m) (days) 2460 14361 12 6169 13934 136 45.3 333.3 40.8 8.2 48.4 2460 14361 13 6155 13899 135.9 45.3 361.1 42.5 8.5 44.5 1980 14273 14 6143 13865 135.7 45.2 368.9 44.1 8.8 41.3 1980 14273 15 6131 13836 135.6 45.2 416.7 45.6 9.1 38.4

Appendix Q10.1.doc, 20/08/09 APPENDIX 10.1

sump settlement lagoon duration total runoff pump rate volume length width length width emptying time (min.) (m3) (m3/h) area (m2) (m3) (m) (m) area (m2) (m) (m) (days) 2460 14409 12 6187 13981 136.2 45.4 333.3 40.8 8.2 48.5 2460 14409 13 6173 13945 136.1 45.4 361.1 42.5 8.5 44.7 1980 14321 14 6161 13911 135.9 45.3 368.9 44.1 8.8 41.4 1980 14321 15 6149 13882 135.9 45.3 416.7 45.6 9.1 38.6

Appendix Q10.1.doc, 20/08/09 APPENDIX 10.1

FLOW CAPACITY OF TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL TO CONVEY WATER FROM SETTLEMENT LAGOON TO DISCHARGE POINT

Min. channel gradient (v:h) 0.0130435 Manning roughness coefficient (n) 0.035 Earth with weeds and stones Bed width (m) 0.1 width of ditch 1.1 Side batter (v:h) 1 Bank full depth (m) 0.5 Fraction of depth 1 0.975 0.95 0.925 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Depth of flow (m) 0.5 0.4875 0.475 0.4625 0.45 0.425 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 Channel area (m²) 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.16 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 Hydraulic radius (R) 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.03

Velocity of flow (m/sec) 1.10 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.00 0.97 0.89 0.82 0.74 0.65 0.56 0.45 0.32

Volume of flow (m³/sec) 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.22 0.19 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00

Volume of flow (l/sec) 331 311 292 274 256 223 193 141 98 64 39 21 9 2

Volume of flow (m³/hr) 1191 1120 1052 986 923 804 695 506 353 232 141 75 33 9

Appendix Q10.1.doc, 20/08/09 APPENDIX 11: Cultural Heritage

Contents

Appendix 11.1 A Desk-Based Archaeological Assessment at Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire RPS Huddersfield Desk Based Assessment Historic Environment Service

A Desk-Based Archaeological Assessment at Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire

DHL2828/archaeology/001 February 2007

Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire RPS Huddersfield Desk Based Assessment Historic Environment Service

A Desk-Based Archaeological Assessment at Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire

Dan Slatcher BA, MA, MIFA February 2007

DHL2828

This report has been prepared under the Framework of BS EN ISO 9001:2000

Prepared By: Name D. Slatcher Date February 2007 Signature Approved for Issue By: Name K. Stubbs Date February 2007 Signature

DHL2828/archaeology/001 February 2007

Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire RPS Huddersfield Desk Based Assessment Historic Environment Service

SUMMARY ...... 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 2

2.0 METHODOLOGY...... 3

3.0 PLANNING CONTEXT ...... 4

4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ...... 9

5.0 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL...... 13

6.0 CONCLUSIONS...... 14

7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES ...... 15

8.0 FIGURES...... 18

Figure 1: Site Location Figure 2: Site Plan showing boundaries of extant minerals permission and residential application. Figure 3: Historic Environment Record Entries Figure 4: Ordnance Survey County Series 6-inch to the mile edition of 1888 Figure 5: Ordnance Survey County Series 6-inch to the mile edition of 1903 Figure 6: Ordnance Survey County Series 6-inch to the mile edition of 1921 Figure 7: Ordnance Survey County Series 6-inch to the mile edition of 1938

APPENDIX: HER ENTRIES

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Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire RPS Huddersfield Desk Based Assessment Historic Environment Service

SUMMARY

RPS Planning and Development have been commissioned to produce a desk based archaeological assessment of Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire, on behalf of Jack Moody Ltd in order to inform a development proposal.

The proposed development area is located on the south-western boundary of the settlement of Cheslyn Hay, on the east side of the Wolverhampton Road (B4156), centred on NGR SJ 9710 0640 and comprises a site currently used as a quarry. The proposed development area covers 25.7ha.

Most of the proposed development area, with the exception of a field immediately south of the existing cemetery on Wolverhampton Road, has an extant planning permission for minerals use. The effects of both schemes on archaeology are considered in this report.

There is little evidence for prehistoric or Roman activity within or near the proposed development area. The proposed development area is located approximately 2 kilometres south of the alignment of Watling Street Roman road. There is, however, no evidence for associated Roman activity in the area.

A moated site, now destroyed and located about 150 metres west of the proposed development area, is the only evidence for medieval activity within or near the proposed development area.

There has clearly been coal working within the proposed development area. The evidence indicates that this was probably of post medieval date. However, the entire proposed development area, with the exception of a field immediately south of the cemetery, measuring about 2ha, and a small area north of what was Campions Wood itself, to be retained as open space, has been quarried away. It is considered; therefore that the potential for the proposed development to impact upon archaeological remains of any date or type is negligible.

Two historic features survive just within or immediately adjacent to the edge of the proposed development area. These are part of the line of Pinfold Lane and the line of the Wyrely Bank branch of the Wyrely and Essington Canal. The features will be preserved in situ by the proposed development

The study has revealed that no statutory designated sites (e.g. Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings) are present within the application site. The closest designated site is numbers 14-16 Dundalk Road, listed at Grade II, located about 450 metres from the proposed development area. No statutorily designated or locally listed feature, or it’s setting, will be affected by the proposed development.

Given that the proposed development area in general has a low potential for the survival of significant archaeological remains, and that the site has been largely quarried away, thus removing any archaeology, it is recommended that no further work be carried out with regard to archaeology in connection with proposed development at this site.

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Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire RPS Huddersfield Desk Based Assessment Historic Environment Service

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.1.1 RPS Planning and Development have been commissioned to produce a desk based archaeological assessment of Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire, on behalf of Jack Moody Ltd, in order to inform a development proposal comprising quarry restoration and residential use.

1.2 Site Description

1.2.1 The proposed development area is located on the south-western boundary of the settlement of Cheslyn Hay. This village is situated about 15 miles north of the centre of Wolverhampton and 4km to the south of Cannock. The site is accessed from the Wolverhampton Road (B4156), immediately to the west of Cheslyn Hay and to the east of the A462 and M6 Motorway, close to junction 11. The proposed development area is centred on NGR SJ 9710 0640 and comprises a site currently used as a quarry. The proposed development area covers 25.7ha.

1.2.2 The geology of the western part of the proposed development area comprises Coal Measures and Etruria Marl. The eastern part of the proposed development area lies on Boulder Clay overlying Middle Coal Measures. The eastern and western parts of the site are divided by the Mitre Fault (IGS 1964)

1.2.3 The proposed development area is bounded by housing to the north, agricultural land, previously used as an opencast coal mine to the east, agricultural land to the south and the B4156 Wolverhampton Road to the west.

1.2.4 Most of the proposed development area, with the exception of a field immediately south of the existing cemetery on Wolverhampton Road, has an extant planning permission for minerals use. The minerals permission covers an area of approximately 23.4ha (Figure 2). The effects of each scheme on cultural heritage is considered in this report.

1.3 Aims

1.3.1 The aims of the study are to assess the likelihood of the proposed development site to contain archaeological remains and to provide an indication of what, if any, further work may be required with regard to archaeology.

1.4 Project Archive

1.4.1 The project archive is held by RPS at the time of writing.

1.5 This report has been written by Dan Slatcher BA, MA, MIFA

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2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1 During this assessment, Health and Safety considerations were paramount, relevant legislation and guidance were complied with and appropriate health and safety measures adopted at all times during this assessment.

2.2 The desk assessment comprised, in the first instance, consultation with the Historic Environment Record (HER). In addition, information on Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Registered Parks and Gardens and Registered Battlefields was obtained from English Heritage. A review of relevant documentary and archival material held in libraries and archives was undertaken. An iterative approach was adopted during this process to determine the scope of the above consultations/searches.

2.3 A site visit and walkover survey were undertaken to establish the presence of above ground archaeology, whether or not previously recorded. The site visit has also provided an indication of the suitability of any further survey techniques.

2.4 The assessment has conformed to the relevant legislation and guidance, including:

• Planning Policy Guidance: Planning And The Historic Environment (PPG 15) Department of the Environment, Department of National Heritage September 1994; • Planning Policy Guidance: Archaeology And Planning (PPG 16) Department of the Environment November 1990; • Code of Conduct Institute of Field Archaeologists 2006 and • Standard And Guidance for Archaeological Desk based Assessment Institute of Field Archaeologists 2001.

2.5 PPG 16 provides guidance on the distinction between remains of national importance and those of lesser importance at paragraphs 8 and 27. A basis for establishing the relative order of importance of archaeological sites is given in Annexe 4 of PPG 16. In addition, the Design Manual for Road and Bridges (Volume 11, Section 3 Part 2) Highways Agency June 1993 details the following categories of relative importance:

• Sites of National Importance – usually Scheduled Ancient Monuments, or monuments in the process of being scheduled. • Sites of Regional or county importance; • Sites of district or Local importance; • Sites which are so badly Damaged that too little now remains to justify their inclusion in a higher grade.

2.6 Designations of relative importance in this report are based on the above designation.

2.7 Within this report, archaeological periods are defined as follows:

• Prehistoric [comprising Lower Palaeolithic (pre 30,000 BC), Upper Palaeolithic (30,000 - 10,000BC), Mesolithic (10,000 - 3,500BC), Neolithic (3,500 - 2,000BC), Bronze Age (2,000 - 700BC) and Iron Age (700BC - AD43)] • Roman (AD43 - AD450) • Medieval (AD450 - AD1540) • Post Medieval (AD1540 onwards)

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3.0 PLANNING CONTEXT

PPG 16 Planning Policy Guidance: Archaeology and Planning (1990), provides advice to planning authorities regarding the protection of archaeology within the planning process. The guidance makes clear that prospective developers should make provision for the archaeological appraisal of a site when assessing a site’ s development potential (Section 2B, paragraph 18a, 1990).

PPG15 Planning and the Historic Environment (1994) deals with Conservation Areas, Listed Buildings, World Heritage Sites, Historic Parks and Gardens, Historic Battlefields and the wider historic landscape.

Listed buildings are protected under the provisions 54(i) of the Town and Country Planning Act (1971), as amended by the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act (1990) which empowers the Secretary of State for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) to maintain a list of built structures of historic or architectural significance.

Scheduled Ancient Monuments are protected through the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (1979), which had been updated in the National Heritage Act (1983). Scheduled Monuments are maintained on a list held by the Secretary of State for DCMS. Any alterations or works to a Scheduled Monument (including archaeological investigation) requires Scheduled Monument Consent (SMC).

The development plan for the application site comprises the West Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy (formerly RPG 11) ODPM June 2004, the “saved” Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent Structure Plan 1996 – 2011, dated February 2002 and the South Staffordshire Local Plan adopted 1996.

The West Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy contains the following relevant policy:

POLICY QE5: Protection and enhancement of the Historic Environment

A. Development plans and other strategies should identify, protect, conserve and enhance the Region’s diverse historic environment and manage change in such a way that respects local character and distinctiveness.

B. Of particular historic significance to the West Midlands are:

i) the historic rural landscapes and their settlement patterns; ii) historic urban settlements, including market towns and cathedral cities; iii) listed buildings, scheduled and unscheduled ancient monuments, conservation areas, historic parks and gardens, all in their settings, and battlefields; iv) areas of industrial heritage such as the Birmingham Jewellery Quarter; v) the historic transport network; vi) strategic river corridors (Severn, Wye, Trent, and Avon); and vii) Ironbridge Gorge World Heritage Site.

C. Development plans and other strategies should recognise the value of conservation led regeneration in contributing to the social, spiritual and economic vitality of communities and the positive role that buildings of historic and architectural value can play as a focus in an area’s regeneration.

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D. In particular, strategies should explore the regeneration potential of:

i) redundant or under-used industrial and commercial buildings; ii) rural settlements and market towns outside the MUAs; iii) Victorian and Edwardian commercial centres particularly in the MUAs; iv) traditional buildings of the countryside; v) existing church buildings and their potential community uses; vi) 19th and early 20th century urban housing; and vii) the canal network.

The “saved” Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent Structure Plan 1996 – 2011 contains the following relevant policies:

Sites of Archaeological Importance

NC14 Proposals for development or land use change affecting sites of known or potential archaeological importance, and their settings, will be considered in the light of information held by the County or City Councils. Where necessary, developers will be required to supplement this information with the results of desk-based assessments and field evaluations before any decision on the planning application is taken. Where the planning authority decides on the basis of professional advice that archaeological remains are not sufficiently important to warrant rant physical preservation in situ, developers will be required to make appropriate and satisfactory provision for the excavation and recording of the remains prior to development, and for the publication of the results.

Sites of National Archaeological Importance

NC15 Development which would adversely affect Scheduled Ancient Monuments or archaeological sites of national importance or, in either case, their settings, will only be allowed in the most exceptional circumstances.

Registered Historic Battlefields

NC16 Development proposals within registered Historic Battlefields shall be accompanied by an assessment of the possible adverse impacts upon them. Development or change of use likely to have a detrimental impact upon their integrity and amenity will normally not be permitted.

Historic Parks and Gardens: Protection

NC17A Historic parks and gardens and their settings will be protected from development which would cause harm to their character or appearance. In order to assist in the protection of the character and appearance of recorded sites:

(a) an historic landscape appraisal report may be required where development affecting an historic park or garden or its setting is proposed;

(b) historic parks and gardens of particular historic design or aesthetic significance may be designated as Conservation Areas to help protect their character and appearance.

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Historic Parks and Gardens: Management and Regeneration

NC17B Proposals for the positive management and regeneration of historic parks and gardens will be encouraged where they are sympathetic to the special character and interest of the site, and comply with an appropriately formulated assessment and management plan.

Listed Buildings

NC18 There will be a presumption in favour of preserving Listed Buildings and protecting their settings and historic context. In exceptional circumstances, other planning policies may be relaxed to enable the retention or sympathetic reuse of Listed Buildings, or to maintain the integrity of their settings. An historical and architectural evaluation of Listed Buildings may be required as par part t of the planning process to ensure decision-making is based on a proper understanding of their fabric and structure.

Conservation Areas

NC19 Areas of architectural or historic interest will be designated as Conservation Areas. There will be a presumption in favour of retaining and enhancing buildings, groups of buildings, or other features, including open spaces and views through, into or out of the areas which contribute to their special character, appearance or interest. New development within or adjacent to Conservation Areas should respect, protect and enhance their character and appearance with respect to its height, scale, intensity and materials, and only generate levels of activity which will support t their preservation and economic viability. Proposals which would result in over over-development, undue disturbance and traffic movement detrimental to the character of the Conservation Area will not be per permitted.

The South Staffordshire Local Plan adopted 1996 contains the following relevant policies:

POLICY BE1 LISTED BUILDINGS - DEMOLITION

There will be a presumption in favour of the retention of listed buildings. The demolition of a listed building will only be allowed if the District Council is satisfied that every effort has been made to continue the present use, or to find a suitable alternative use and that there are very exceptional circumstances why it cannot be retained.

POLICY BE2 LISTED BUILDINGS - ALTERATIONS

Where it is consistent with other planning policies consent will be given for internal or external alterations, additions to, or the change of use of, a listed building if the District Council considers that the proposals would not adversely affect the architectural or historic character, details and fittings of the building.

POLICY BE3 LISTED BUILDINGS - EXCEPTIONS TO ADOPTED POLICIES AND STANDARDS

Where a proposed use of a listed building would conflict with adopted policies and standards, the District Council may be prepared to consider making exceptions to those policies and standards if this would secure the satisfactory retention of the building.

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POLICY BE4 LISTED BUILDINGS - DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE CURTILAGE

Development within the curtilage of a listed building will only be permitted if it does not harm the character or setting of the listed building concerned.

POLICY BE5 LISTED BUILDINGS - APPLICATIONS FOR LISTED BUILDING CONSENT

Applications to change the use of a listed building will be required to be accompanied by plans showing full details of all internal and external alterations to the building, so that the effect on the character of the building can be assessed.

(Policies BE2 and BE5 should be read in conjunction with Policy NC6 on the retention of protected species).

POLICY BE7 CONSERVATION AREAS - PLANNING APPLICATIONS

Outline planning permission will not normally be granted for development within a Conservation Area. Full details of any proposal will normally be required, so that the effect of the proposal on the character of a Conservation Area may be properly assessed.

POLICY BE8 CONSERVATION AREAS - DEMOLITION OF UNLISTED BUILDINGS

Consent to demolish an unlisted building in a Conservation Area will only be granted if the District Council is satisfied that the character or appearance of the Conservation Area will not be adversely affected.

POLICY BE9 CONSERVATION AREAS - DEMOLITION PRIOR TO REDEVELOPMENT

Planning permission for the demolition of buildings in Conservation Areas will not normally be granted in advance of a detailed planning permission for redevelopment.

POLICY BE10 CONSERVATION AREAS - DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

In Conservation Areas the District Council will seek to ensure that the form, scale and design of new buildings, alterations and additions are in such relationship with other buildings and spaces as to preserve or enhance the character or appearance of the area.

POLICY BE11 CONSERVATION AREAS - PROTECTION OF ESSENTIAL CHARACTER

In deciding applications for planning permission, the District Council will seek to ensure the retention of open spaces, gardens, gaps between buildings, walls, trees, hedges, significant shrubs and architectural features and ornaments from development, where these form an essential part of the character of the Conservation Area (see also Policy LS11 and paragraph 8.36 in the Landscape and Nature Conservation Chapter).

POLICY BE12 CONSERVATION AREAS - REMOVAL OF INTRUSIVE FEATURES

In considering development proposals the District Council will seek the removal of, or the improvement of, any features such as buildings, signs, advertisements and overhead wires which detract from the quality of a Conservation Area.

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POLICY BE23 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES - PROTECTION FROM DAMAGE

There will be a presumption against proposals for development which would involve significant alterations, cause damage or which would have a significant impact on nationally important archaeological remains, whether scheduled or not, and their settings.

POLICY BE24 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES - EVALUATION AND PRESERVATION

Planning applications for development affecting sites of archaeological interest will be determined in the light of information supplied by the developers. Following an archaeological evaluation to determine the importance of the remains, any approval may be conditional upon appropriate means and resources being available for archaeological excavation and recording prior to and/or during development or to facilitate a watching brief to be undertaken during the process of development, or to ensure that the agreed methods of preservation are enforced on site.

POLICY LS11 HISTORIC LANDSCAPES - PROTECTION OF CHARACTER AND SETTING

In considering development proposals within the Historic Landscape Areas defined on the Proposals Map, the District Council will have special regard to the desirability of conserving the historic landscape character and setting of the HLA and of protecting it from unsympathetic sub-division. Development proposals should aim to conserve the landscape character of historic landscapes.

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Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire RPS Huddersfield Desk Based Assessment Historic Environment Service

4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

4.1 The baseline data has been included as an appendix, which can be cross-referenced to the Historic Environment Record Entries Plan (Figure 3).

4.2 Prehistoric.

4.2.1 There is little recorded evidence for prehistoric activity in the area and no entries from this period within the search area in the HER.

4.2.2 Castle Ring, an Iron Age hillfort located on Cannock Chase, some 6 kilometres north- east of the proposed development area, is the closest recorded substantial prehistoric feature. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM no 21635). This site is of national importance and neither it nor it’s setting will be affected by the proposed development.

4.3 Roman.

4.3.1 There are a number of well-known sites and features of the Roman period in the wider area. These include the line of the Roman road running from Greensforge near Dudley in the south, to the Roman fort at Pennocrucium, Water Eaton, about 7.5 kilometres north-west of the proposed development area in the north. In addition, Watling Street Roman road runs, in this area, from Letocetum, south east of modern Lichfield, to Pennocrucium.

4.3.2 The nearest Scheduled Monument is the Roman fort at Pennocrucium, Water Eaton, about 7.5 kilometres north-west of the proposed development area (SAM Staffs 159). This site is of national importance and neither it nor it’s setting will be affected by the proposed development.

4.3.3 There are no records of the Roman period within the search area in the HER and little, if any, evidence for Roman activity in the vicinity of the proposed development area.

4.4 Medieval

4.4.1 There is little physical evidence for Anglo Saxon activity in the area and the HER has no entries in the area for this period. Following the Norman Conquest, the area formed part of the Royal Forest of Cannock. The Hay passed from the King to Bishop Alexander Stavensby by 1236 and was annexed to the manors of Cannock and Rugeley. The king recovered control by 1250 and held the area until 1550 (Greenslade 1959: 101).

4.4.2 A moated site (HER number 01083) is located at NGR SJ 9650 0644, some 150 metres west of the proposed development area. The site is apparently recorded from the 14th century onwards and is clearly shown on the first edition twenty-five inch to the mile Ordnance Survey map of 1884. The Ordnance Survey indicates that the moat survived until after 1938, but an aerial photograph of 1963 does not show it, except possibly as a faint cropmark (Hunting 1963) and the HER notes that the site is now built on by a car park and largely destroyed. The site is of negligible importance. A further site immediately north east of HER number 01083 (HER number 50665), at one time interpreted as a possible moated site, is now recognised as the remains of old marl workings. This site has also been destroyed and is of negligible importance.

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Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire RPS Huddersfield Desk Based Assessment Historic Environment Service

4.5 Post-medieval

4.5.1 The manor passed from the king to John Dudley, Earl of Warwick in 1550. In 1666, 10 persons were paying hearth tax in Great Wyrely. Evidence for 17th century settlement activity in Cheslyn Hay itself survives in the form of three cottages of this period, with later alterations made during the early 18th and late 20th centuries, located on Dundalk Lane, some 450 metres north-east of the proposed development area (HER number 09113). These are listed at Grade II. By 1801 the population of Cheslyn Hay (then known as Wyrely Bank) alone was 443. By 1901 the population numbered 2560 and in 1951, there were 3130 people in the village (Greenslade 1959: 100).

4.5.2 Some 1600 acres of Cheslyn Hay were enclosed by agreement in 1668 (Greenslade 1959: 101), with a further 300 acres of Cheslyn Common being enclosed in 1797 under an Act of Parliament of 1792 (Staffs Record Office Q/RDc10). The westernmost two fields of the proposed development area were enclosed at this time. The proposed development area was divided into two by a road called Pinfold Lane running south from Cheslyn Hay at the time of enclosure. Within the proposed development area the alignment of the road survived in the form of field boundaries, until at least 1938 and a small section survives at the northern end of the proposed development area. This feature is of at most local importance.

4.5.3 Campions Wood is marked on the first edition one inch to the mile Ordnance Survey map of 1834. No woodland is marked, but a building within the south-eastern of two small enclosures is shown.

4.5.4 Outside the area that had been enclosed by Act of Parliament, the whole of the proposed development area was mapped during the tithe survey of Cannock in 1838. Most of the proposed development area was in agricultural use, with the exception of Campions Wood itself, which was woodland and the area to it’s immediate east, which contained a cottage outhouse and garden and was occupied by Robert Eccleshall. This presumably comprises the buildings shown on the first edition Ordnance Survey map (above). In addition, it is likely that the field immediately west of Campions Wood was being subject to mining activity, or had been in the past. It was described as ‘pit leasow’ and the tithe award is also annotated with the phrase ‘pit in do’, meaning pit in this field. Henry Poyner, who was apparently farming the surrounding fields, occupied this field.

4.5.5 Coal working is recorded in Cheslyn Hay by 1636 (Greenslade 1959: 100-101), although there may be earlier working in the area, given that early coal workings are recorded elsewhere on Cannock Chase. Following the enclosure of Cheslyn Hay common during the 1790s, mining began here. By 1831 apparently only one colliery was working in the area (Greenslade 1959: 100-101); this industry expanded greatly during the 19th century and by 1834 Cheslyn Hay was mainly populated by colliers and ling besom (brooms made from birch or ling) makers (Greenslade 1959: 100). By the time of publication of the first edition twenty-five inch to the mile Ordnance Survey map of 1884, coal mining was clearly a major industry in the area, with numerous shafts, both in use and disused, shown. These are nearly all located to the east of the proposed development area and an undated, but late nineteenth or early twentieth century, mining plan shows the approximate position of [the] barrier in [the] cannel seam as running in a roughly north/ south direction through Campions Wood itself (Staffs Record Office D1317/2/1/11/3). This is apparently the line of the Mitre Fault (IGS 1964). There are a number of further HER entries (numbers 20459, 20463, 20464, 20474, 20481, 20483, 20487and 20488) which relate to mining

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activity in the wider area. These sites are likely to be of local importance and will not be affected by proposed development within the Campions Wood site.

4.5.6 The Wyrely Bank branch of the Wyrely and Essington Canal (HER number 02226), a small section of which forms part of the eastern boundary of the proposed development area, was apparently constructed at some point between 1858 and 1884, it being marked as a dotted line on a plan of the former date (Staffs Record Office D593/H/3/431) and shown as a water filled feature on the first edition twenty- five inch to the mile Ordnance Survey map of 1884.This map shows that the branch terminated at the Wyrely Cannock Colliery Number 1 shaft (HER number 20487), located about 100 metres north-east of the proposed development area, and would have moved coal from several other shafts, mostly shown as disused, around this point and along it’s length. One of these old shafts was located within the eastern end of the proposed development area. It does not appear on the tithe map of 1838. It is likely, therefore that this colliery dates from between 1838 and the publication of the Ordnance Survey in 1884.

4.5.7 The Sutherland-Leveson-Gower family held Campions Wood and much of the surrounding area in 1858, as shown on the plan of that year held in the Staffordshire Record Office (Staffs RO D593/H/3/431). By this time there was an iron works and railway in the vicinity.

4.5.8 The Blacklees Company was formed in 1895 for the purpose of acquiring lands by purchase or lease in order to carry out the business of colliery proprietors. Between 1895 and 1903, the company acquired various agricultural properties in Staffordshire, amounting to 200a. in all. Various parts of the estate were eventually let to T. A. Hawkins & Co. (Staffs Record Office D1317/2/1). An undated, but late nineteenth or early twentieth century, ownership plan, shows the entire proposed development area, with the exception of the parcel of land immediately south of the cemetery included in the proposal for residential development but not the proposal for quarrying, was controlled by the Blacklees Company or the Duke of Sutherland.

4.5.9 The Second Edition six inch to the mile Ordnance Survey map of 1903 shows no changes within the proposed development area, although the Wyrely Cannock Colliery Number 1 shaft had gone out of use. A swing bridge was marked crossing the canal at the north-eastern corner of the proposed development area.

4.5.10 An undated plan (Staffs Record Office D1317/2/1/11/4) shows the Blacklees Estate comprising Holly Bush Hall, Blacklees Farm and Campions Wood held by the Blacklees Company. Campions Wood and the surrounding area was held by the Blacklees Company Ltd in 1917, when it was mortgaged (Staffs RO D1317/2/1/4).

4.5.11 The six-inch Ordnance Survey edition of 1921 indicates that part of the proposed development area, on the eastern boundary, was marshy ground. The formerly disused Wyrely Cannock Colliery Number 1 shaft had become the Great Wyrely colliery (No. 2 Plant). A cemetery with a mortuary chapel had been established immediately north of the boundary of the proposed residential development area, with allotment gardens shown to the north of this. To the south of the proposed development area, along what had now become Wolverhampton Road a row of terraced houses had been built on the east side of the road.

4.5.12 The six-inch Ordnance Survey Provisional Edition of 1938 shows no changes within the proposed development area.

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Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire RPS Huddersfield Desk Based Assessment Historic Environment Service

4.5.13 Planning permission for minerals extraction was granted in 1956 (RPS 2005 & Figure 2). An aerial photograph taken in 1963 (Hunting 1963) indicates that the proposed development area remained similar to it’s 1938 disposition. The proposed development area was largely in use as agricultural fields, with the exception of the area of disused coal workings on the eastern boundary, although a small area of hardstanding or similar had been established in the far western corner of the proposed development area. From this point, in the area of the current quarry entrance just north of the bend on Wolverhampton Road, the photograph shows a track running eastwards to the eastern boundary of the proposed development area By 1971, an aerial photograph taken during that year shows a similar disposition to that of 1963 (Meridian 1971).

4.5.14 An aerial photograph taken in 1981 (Meridian 1981) shows the track first visible on the 1963 aerial photograph (above) running to the eastern boundary of the proposed development area, where mineral working was being undertaken south of Campions Wood itself at this time. The Wyrely Bank branch of the Wyrely and Essington Canal appears to have been disused and partly backfilled by this time, if not before, and the swing bridge had apparently been removed. Mineral working moved eastwards from this point so that by 1991 a large area of working was underway (Geonex 1991). By 1999, all of the proposed development area, except the field bounding the cemetery proposed for residential development, had been worked for minerals (UK Perspectives 1999).

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Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire RPS Huddersfield Desk Based Assessment Historic Environment Service

5.0 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL

5.1 There are no records of any Scheduled Ancient Monuments or Listed Buildings within the proposed development site itself. The nearest Scheduled Monument is the Roman fort at Pennocrucium, Water Eaton, about 7.5 kilometres north-west of the proposed development area (SAM Staffs 159). No Scheduled Ancient Monument, or it’s setting, will be affected by development within the proposed development area.

5.2 The closest Listed Building to the proposed development area is numbers 14-16 Dundalk Road, listed at Grade II, located about 450 metres to it’s north-east. No listed building, or it’s setting, will be affected by development within the proposed development area

5.3 Chillington Park, the closest part of which is located about 6.5 kilometres west of the proposed development area, is the nearest registered park and garden to the proposed development area. Neither this feature, nor it’s setting, will be affected by development within the proposed development area.

5.4 There is little evidence for prehistoric Roman, or medieval activity within or near the proposed development area. There has clearly been coal working within the proposed development area. However, most of the proposed development area has been quarried away in relatively recent years. The areas that have not been quarried are a field immediately south of the cemetery, measuring about 2ha, and a small area following housing development between 1971 and 1981. This latter area is marked for retention on the Indicative Masterplan submitted with the residential application. It is considered, therefore that the potential for the proposed development to impact upon remains of any date is low.

5.5 A small part of Pinfold Lane, a feature of at most local importance, survives in the northern part of the proposed development area. The Indicative Masterplan for residential development indicates that this alignment will be retained and linked with the network of footpaths within the proposed development area.

5.6 The line of the Wyrely Bank branch of the Wyrely and Essington Canal is now partly drained and infilled and is therefore of local importance. The feature will be preserved in situ by the proposed development

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Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire RPS Huddersfield Desk Based Assessment Historic Environment Service

6.0 CONCLUSIONS

6.1 This study has revealed that no statutory designated sites (e.g. Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings) are present within the application site. The closest designated site is, numbers 14-16 Dundalk Road, listed at Grade II, located about 450 metres from the proposed development area. No statutorily designated or locally listed feature, or it’s setting, will be affected by the proposed development.

6.2 There is little evidence for prehistoric or Roman activity within or near the proposed development area. The proposed development area is located approximately 2 kilometres south of the alignment of Watling Street Roman road. There is, however, no evidence for associated Roman activity in the area.

6.3 A moated site, now destroyed and located about 150 metres west of the proposed development area, is the only evidence for medieval activity within or near the proposed development area.

6.4 There has clearly been coal working within the proposed development area. The evidence indicates that this was probably of post medieval date. However, the entire area covered by the extant minerals permission and the proposed residential development area, with the exception of a field immediately south of the cemetery, measuring about 2ha, has been quarried away. The unquarried area is small and in any event has little archaeological potential. It is considered, therefore that the potential for either development to impact upon archaeological remains of any date is low.

6.5 Given that the proposed development area in general has a low potential for the survival of significant archaeological remains, and that the site has been largely quarried away, thus removing any archaeology, with the exception of a parcel of land covering some 2ha, located immediately south of the cemetery, it is recommended that no further work be carried out with regard to archaeology in connection with proposed development at this site.

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7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

7.1 Published

Anon c. 1940 Official Guide to Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire Croydon: The Home Publishing Co

Brabner, J.H.F. ed., c1893. The Comprehensive Gazetteer of England and Wales. London: William Mackenzie.

Cantor, L, 1983. The Medieval Parks of England: A Gazetteer. Loughborough: Loughborough University of Technology.

Ekwall, E 1960. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names Oxford

English Heritage, c1994. Register of Historic Battlefields. London: English Heritage.

English Heritage, 1986. Register of Parks and Gardens of special historic interest, Part 38 Staffordshire. London: English Heritage.

Greenslade, M Cheslyn Hay in Midgley 1959 pp100-103

Institute of Geological Sciences 1964 One Inch Series Sheet 154 Lichfield Chessington: Geological Survey

Margarey, I.D. 1955 Roman Roads in Britain Volume 2, North of the Fosse Way-Bristol Channel London: Phoenix House.

Meaney, A., 1964. A Gazetteer of Early Anglo-Saxon Burial Sites. London: George Allen & Unwin.

Midgley, M (ed) 1959 A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 5 London: OUP

Palliser, D.M., 1976. The Staffordshire Landscape. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

Pevsner, N., 1974. The Buildings of England Staffordshire. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

Ridgeway, R 2002 The Bygone Days of Cheslyn Hay Cheslyn Hay: Cheslyn Hay Local History Society

RPS Urban Design 2005 Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay Design Statement unpublished client report ref: 40489/DOC.02

Robinson, D.P. & Whitbread, A., 1993. Staffordshire Inventory of Ancient Woodland. Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council.

Sawyer, P.H. 1968. Anglo-Saxon Charters: an annotated list and bibliography. London: Royal Historical Society.

Shaw, S., 1798-1801. The History and Antiquities of Staffordshire by Stebbing Shaw, Volume 1. Wakefield: EP Publishing 1976.

Shaw, S., 1798-1801. The History and Antiquities of Staffordshire by Stebbing Shaw, Volume II Part I. Wakefield: EP Publishing 1976.

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Soil Survey of England and Wales 1983 Soil Map of England and Wales 1:250,000 and Legend Harpenden: Soil Survey of England and Wales

Staffordshire Archive Service, nd. A Summary Guide to Holdings of Business Records. Stafford: Staffordshire County Council.

Staffordshire Archive Service, 1980. Staffordshire Estate Maps Before 1840 a handlist. Stafford: Staffordshire County Council.

Staffordshire Archive Service, 1993. A Handlist of Staffordshire Tithe Maps and Awards. Stafford: Staffordshire County Council.

Staffordshire Archive Service, 1994. A Handlist of Staffordshire Enclosure Acts, Awards and Maps. Stafford: Staffordshire County Council.

Staffordshire Archive Service, 1994. Staffordshire Gazetteer. Stafford: Staffordshire County Council.

Staffordshire Archive Service, 1997. Supplement to the Handlist of Staffordshire Estate Maps Before 1840. Stafford: Staffordshire County Council.

Tate, W.E. & Turner, M.E., 1978. A Domesday of English enclosure acts and awards. Reading: University of Reading.

Williams, A. & Martin, G.H. (eds), 1992 Domesday Book London: Penguin.

7.2 Maps

Ordnance Survey 1833 One-Inch to the Mile First Edition Newton Abbott: David and Charles Reprint

Ordnance Survey County Series twenty-five inch to the mile edition of 1884 Staffordshire Sheet 57.5

Ordnance Survey County Series six inch to the mile edition of 1888 Staffordshire Sheet 57NW

Ordnance Survey County Series six inch to the mile Second Edition of 1903 Staffordshire Sheet 57NW

Ordnance Survey County Series six inch to the mile edition of 1921 Staffordshire Sheet 57NW

Ordnance Survey County Series six inch to the mile Provisional Edition of 1938 Staffordshire Sheet 57NW

7.3 Aerial Photographs

Hunting 1963 Run 15 6001 (9th June 1963) Meridian 139/71/103 (2nd October 1971) Meridian 32/81/198 (2nd August 1981) Geonex 1991 Run 38 136/91/122 20th August 1991) UK Perspectives P227/99/071(29th July 1999)

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Campions Wood, Cheslyn Hay, Staffordshire RPS Huddersfield Desk Based Assessment Historic Environment Service

7.4 Unpublished

Cheslyn Hay Enclosure Map and Award 1797 Staffordshire Record Office QRDc/10

Cannock Tithe Map and Award 1838 Lichfield Joint Record Office D1054/4/1

Mortgage of allotment of land at Cheslyn Hay 1917 Staffordshire Record Office D1317/2/1/4

Plan of Great Wyrely Township with Landywood and Churchbridge 1858 Staffordshire Record Office D593/H/3/431

Plan showing Holly Bush Hall, Blacklees Farm, Campions Wood, all comprising the Blacklees Estate n.d. Staffordshire Record Office D1317/2/1/11/4

Title deeds relating to four closes of pasture land situate in Great Wyrely p. Cannock 1821- 1934 Staffordshire Record Office D1317/2/1/1/2/1-34

Blacklees Company Ltd. Staffordshire Record Office D1317/2/1

Plan of Blacklees Farm n.d. Staffordshire Record Office D1317/2/1/11/5

Plan showing surface land belonging to Blacklees Co. at Blacklees Farm n.d. Staffordshire Record Office D1317/2/1/11/9

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