Environmental Statement (ES) Volume 3 TECHNICAL APPENDICES September 2015
TECHNICAL APPENDIX F – Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment
Cranebrook Quarry, Watling Street, Hammerwich, Lichfi eld
PSL Ref: M13.135.R.018 Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU
(NGR: 407360 306379)
A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015
© Benchmark Archaeology 2015 Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU
(NGR: 407360 306379)
A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015
by
64 Edwards Road Erdington Birmingham B24 9EW
Tel: 07939 066 301 Tel/Fax: 0121 241 5771
E: [email protected] W: www.benchmark-archaeology.co.uk
For:
Reporting: Richard Cherrington
Benchmark Archaeology will retain the copyright of any commissioned reports, tender documents or other projected documents, under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with all rights reserved, excepting that it hereby provides an exclusive licence to the client for the use of such documents by the client in all matters directly relating to the project as described in the Project Design/Specification/Written Scheme of Investigation.
Cover Image: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 1882 - 1883 Contents ______
Summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 SITE LOCATION, DESCRIPTION AND GEOLOGY
3.0 AIMS AND METHODOLOGY
4.0 PLANNING AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK GUIDANCE
5.0 BASELINE CONDITIONS
6.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CARTOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND SUMMARY
7.0 ASSESSMENT OF EVIDENCE
8.0 CONCLUDING STATEMENTS
9.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
10.0 REFERENCES
List of Figures
Figure 1: General Site Location Figure 2: Application Site Figure 3: Existing Site Layout Figure 4: Proposed Development Figure 5: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 1882 - 1883 Figure 6: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 1900 Figure 7: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 1921 Figure 8: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 1938 Figure 9: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 1976 Figure 10: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 2006 Figure 11: Modern Site Plan of 2014
List of Plates
Plate 1: Proposed quarry extension area looking south Plate 2: Proposed quarry extension area looking west
List of Tables
Table 1: Assessing the Value of a Cultural Heritage Receptor
Summary
During July and August 2015, Benchmark Archaeology (BA) undertook a programme of Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment (HEDA) of land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 306379, Figures 1 - 4). The work was commissioned by Pleydell Smithyman Ltd. on behalf of WCL Quarries Ltd. who funded the work.
WCL Quarries Ltd. is to submit a consolidating planning application to Staffordshire County Council for a proposed eastern extension to Cranebrook Quarry and the restoration of the quarry to a wildlife enhanced, agriculturally managed landscape. Following confirmation that an Environmental Statement was required to accompany the planning application, a scoping opinion was prepared by Staffordshire County Council in response to a screening and scoping request by Pleydell Smithyman Limited on behalf of WCL Quarries Ltd. The resulting scoping statement identified several environmental issues including impacts upon the historic environment. This HEDA discusses historic environment issues and is to be incorporated into the forthcoming Environmental Statement.
This report includes a description of the baseline conditions, examines a range of sources on the archaeological resource of the area and identifies any known and potential receptor(s) within the application site or its immediate vicinity. This report concludes that there is a single surviving undesignated heritage asset (SHER entry 04890 @ SK 0741 0646) within the site located towards the northern boundary of the proposed eastern extension. SHER entry 02221 (@ SK 0795 0680) does not lie within the site but forms the sites southern boundary.
Proposed development at the site will in the first instance comprise mineral extraction in the area of the eastern extension. This will be followed by the restoration of the quarry to grassland/ low-level agricultural land (with areas of wildlife enhancement) along with a waterbody. The majority of the site has been subject to high levels of truncation caused by quarrying activity which will have removed any features or deposits of archaeological significance. Only the proposed eastern extension has the potential to contain any buried archaeological remains including the possible Iron Age or Roman enclosure (SHER entry 04890). Any potential direct or indirect impacts upon the Wyrley and Essington Canal (SHER entry 02221) are unclear at this very early stage in the design process.
Based on the available data the potential for the presence of archaeological remains within the proposed eastern extension is deemed to be medium to medium / high. The potential for ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 1 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. archaeological remains in the remainder of the site is deemed to be none.
Should archaeological remains be present within the proposed eastern extension area the current proposals would impact upon them. Should planning permission be granted it is considered that the disturbance to, or loss of, archaeological remains due to the proposed development could be satisfactorily mitigated through a programme of archaeological work. Further archaeological works and mitigation could be secured through a condition attached to any permission granted. Recommendations regarding mitigation measures will need to be made by the Archaeological Advisor to Staffordshire County Council.
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 2 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. Site (approx)
Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office: Licence 100046210
1.0km
Figure 1: General Site Location Application Site
Figure 2: Application Site
Application Site
Figure 3: Existing Site Layout
Figure 4: Proposed Development 1.0 INTRODUCTION (Figures 1 – 4)
1.1 Project Background
1.1.1 During July and August 2015, Benchmark Archaeology (BA) undertook a programme of Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment (HEDA) of land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 306379, Figures 1 - 4). The work was commissioned by Pleydell Smithyman Ltd. on behalf of WCL Quarries Ltd. who funded the work.
1.1.2 WCL Quarries Ltd. is to submit a consolidating planning application to Staffordshire County Council for a proposed eastern extension to Cranebrook Quarry and restoration of the quarry to grassland/ low-level agricultural land (with areas of wildlife enhancement) and a waterbody. Following confirmation that an Environmental Statement was required to accompany the planning application, a scoping opinion was prepared by Staffordshire County Council in response to a screening and scoping request by Pleydell Smithyman Limited on behalf of WCL Quarries Ltd. The resulting scoping statement identified several environmental issues including impacts upon the historic environment. This HEDA discusses historic environment issues and is to be incorporated into the forthcoming Environmental Statement.
1.2 Benchmark Archaeology
1.2.1 BA is an independent archaeological organisation providing a wide range of archaeological services carried out to the highest professional standards. They carry out watching briefs, evaluations, excavations, surveys, desk-based assessments, historic building recording, church and garden archaeology, in addition to other specialist and logistical services. BA is committed to ensuring that the client receives a cost- effective service, while maintaining the highest professional standards, and enhancing the archaeological record. All projects are carried out in accordance with NPPF, the guidance of the Treasure Act (1996), and the guidelines and recommendations issued by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists and Historic England.
1.2.2 Richard Cherrington is Principal Archaeologist at BA. He has several years experience as a supervising commercial archaeologist working for university and local authority archaeological units in the UK and overseas. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Ancient History & Archaeology, a PG Cert in Environmental Management, and a PG Diploma in Practical Archaeology. Richard is an Associate level member of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (ACIfA), a Fellow of The Royal Geographical Society (FRGS), and a member of the Council for British Archaeology (CBA), Vernacular Architecture Group (VAG), and the British Brick Society (BBS). ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 3 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. 1.3 Development Proposals
1.3.1 An outline of the current development proposals is given in the document entitled ‘Screening & Scoping request Proposed Extension to Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street, Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU on behalf of WCL Quarries Ltd. November 2014’ (Playdell Smithyman 2014).
1.3.2 A summary of the current proposals is given below:
. The current proposal is to extend quarrying operations to the east of the current workings (eastern extension). The eastern extension would be worked utilising the existing access, plant site and related infrastructure. The mineral deposit has a depth of approximately 25 – 30 metres and would be worked in two benches. The present eastern working face would be continued towards the east through the proposed extension. Appropriate standoffs to site boundaries are provided to safeguard the stability of adjoining land.
. The quarry would be worked ‘dry’ with no requirement for dewatering. Soils would be removed in accordance with best practice and reserved for use in the restoration of the site. The restoration concept draws on the potential offered by the restoration of the adjacent disused Wyrley and Essington Canal. There is an active canal restoration society promoting the reopening of the canal for navigation and recreational use. The route of the canal has been protected by the provision of an aqueduct over the M6 Toll when this was constructed.
. A restoration concept has been prepared for the existing site and the proposed eastern extension. This shows the quarry restored to grassland/ areas of wildlife enhancement along with a water body in the eastern part of the site. The waterbody could be linked to the disused Wyrley and Essington Canal (which is currently undergoing restoration) to potentially facilitate a marina in the future. In practice the eastern area would be restored as a void/ water body in the planning application, and only linked to the canal as and when this is reopened, and subject to further planning consents.
. The proposed restoration will require the importation of inert fill as presently approved, to provide an appropriate restoration landform, including the engineering of stable batters. The existing aggregates recycling activity will also continue until the sites final restoration.
2.0 SITE LOCATION, DESCRIPTION AND GEOLOGY (Figures 1 – 4, Plates 1 and 2)
2.1 Site Location
2.1.1 The site comprises land at Cranebrook Quarry, Watling Street, Muckley Corner, Lichfield, Staffordshire WS14 0BD (NGR: SK 407267 306395, Figures 1 - 4). Cranebrook Quarry is bounded by, and lies immediately south of, the A5 (Watling Street) and is located c. 1.25km to the southeast of Hammerwich, and c. 0.8km to the west of Muckley Corner. The site is bounded by A5 (north), farmland (east), the
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 4 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. (disused) Wyrley and Essington Canal (south), and the main quarry workings (west).
2.2 Description
2.2.1 The area of the proposed eastern extension is currently grazing land under rough grass cover. The remainder of the site to the west is occupied by active quarry workings, former (now infilled) quarry workings, offices, car parking and storage areas. The area of the eastern extension has a fall of approximately 10 metres from north to south, from the A5 to the disused Wyrley and Essington canal. The area of the canal was not safely accessible.
2.2.2 A site visit was undertaken on 30.07.2015. The visit comprised a brief walkover and photographic survey accompanied by written notes. The results of the survey informed the site description above (Section 2.2.1).
2.3 Geology
2.3.1 The underlying geology of the site comprises deposits of the Wildmoor and Bromsgrove Sandstone Formations overlain in some areas by superficial deposits of Till (www.bgs.ac.uk).
2.3.2 The soilscape consists of freely draining slightly acid sandy soils with low fertility. Habitiats comprise acid dry pastures; acid deciduous and coniferous woodland; potential for lowland heath. Landcover is largely arable. The soilscape is suitable for a wide range of spring and autumn sown crops including irrigated roots, potatoes and field vegetables (www.landis.org.uk).
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 5 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. Plate 1: Proposed quarry extension area looking south
Plate 2: Proposed quarry extension area looking west
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 6 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. 3.0 AIMS AND METHODOLOGY (Table 1)
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 This report comprises a HEDA of land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 306379, Figures 1 - 4)
3.2 Aims
3.2.1 Early consultation regarding the known and potential archaeological and historic environment resources in an area of proposed development, along with the consideration of the implications of proposed development on these resources is key to informing reasonable planning decisions.
3.2.2 The aim of this HEDA is to facilitate such a process. It does this by examining the historic development of the site, to gain an understanding of the survival and extent of known or potential archaeological and historic environment receptors that may be impacted by any future proposed development. This enables the future development of appropriate responses to quantify the precise nature of the archaeological and historic environment resource, or mitigation aimed at reducing / removing adverse impacts, where necessary.
3.2.3 Available resources that can be utilised include local Sites and Monuments / Historic Environment Records, Local History Centre archives, Aerial Photographs, Historic Maps, Estate Records and other documents. The production of an HEDA helps prepare an informed strategy for any further work required, which may include targeted evaluation, mitigation or a full programme of works.
3.3 Methodology
3.3.1 This report has been carried out in line with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) ‘Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment’. (2014).
3.3.2 The CIfA defines the standard of a HEDA as follows:
‘Desk-based assessment will determine, as far as is reasonably possible from existing records, the nature, extent and significance of the historic environment within a specified area. Desk-based assessment will be undertaken using appropriate methods and practices which satisfy the stated aims of the project, and which comply with the Code of conduct and other relevant regulations of CIfA. In a development context desk-based assessment will establish the impact of the proposed development on the significance of the historic environment (or will identify the need for further evaluation to do so), ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 7 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. and will enable reasoned proposals and decisions to be made whether to mitigate, offset or accept without further intervention that impact. Desk-based assessment is a programme of study of the historic environment within a specified area or site on land, the inter-tidal zone or underwater that addresses agreed research and/or conservation objectives. It consists of an analysis of existing written, graphic, photographic and electronic information in order to identify the likely heritage assets, their interests and significance and the character of the study area, including appropriate consideration of the settings of heritage assets and, in England, the nature, extent and quality of the known or potential archaeological, historic, architectural and artistic interest. Significance is to be judged in a local, regional, national or international context as appropriate’.
3.3.3 The CIfA defines the purpose and context of a HEDA thus:
‘The purpose of a desk-based assessment is to gain an understanding of the historic environment resource in order to formulate the following (as required):
An assessment of the potential for heritage assets to survive within the area of study
An assessment of the significance of the known or predicted heritage assets considering, in England, their archaeological, historic, architectural and artistic interests
Strategies for further evaluation whether or not intrusive, where the nature, extent or significance of the resource is not sufficiently well defined
An assessment of the impact of proposed development or other land use changes on the significance of the heritage assets and their settings
Strategies to conserve the significance of heritage assets, and their settings
Design strategies to ensure new development makes a positive contribution to the character and local distinctiveness of the historic environment and local place-shaping
Proposals for further archaeological investigation within a programme of research, whether undertaken in response to a threat or not.
3.3.4 This study has collated and analysed various available forms of archaeological, cultural heritage and historical information associated with the site, including information from the Staffordshire Historic Environment Record (SHER) and review of documentary sources.
3.4 Assessment of the Archaeological Resource
3.4.1 This HEDA identifies the known archaeological and historic environment resources within the study area. In addition, it also highlights the potential for encountering features or areas of buried
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 8 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. archaeological evidence within the application site. Where evidence is discussed, the potential for associated buried archaeological deposits to survive will be advised according to the following scale:
None - No recovery of features expected Low - Features very unlikely to be encountered Medium - Possibility that features may occur / be encountered High - Remains almost certain to survive
3.4.2 Where there is either a known or potential for the recovery of archaeological remains within study area, the potential value of this resource will be assessed.
3.4.3 There is currently no standard adopted statutory or government guidance for assessing the importance of historic environment receptors and this is instead judged upon factors such as statutory and non-statutory designations, architectural, archaeological or historical significance, and the contribution to local research agendas. In considering these criteria each identified feature can be assigned to a level of importance in accordance with a five point scale (Table 1).
SCALE OF HERITAGE RECEPTOR IMPORTANCE
The highest status of site, e.g. Scheduled Monuments (or undesignated assets of schedulable quality and importance), NATIONAL Grade I and Grade II* Listed Buildings, Extremely well preserved historic landscapes, whether inscribed or not, with exceptional coherence, time depth, or other critical factor(s).
Other designated or undesignated archaeological sites to those listed above, or assets of a reasonably defined extent and significance, or reasonable evidence of occupation / REGIONAL settlement, ritual, industrial activity etc. Examples may include burial sites, deserted Medieval villages, Roman roads and dense scatter of finds.
Comprises undesignated sites with some evidence of human activity, which is more limited in historic value than the examples above, or compromised by poor preservation and/or survival of context associations, though which still have the potential to contribute to local research objectives. LOCAL Examples include sites such as designated or undesignated structures / buildings of limited historic merit, out-of-situ archaeological findspots, historic field systems and boundaries, agricultural features such as ridge and furrow, and ephemeral archaeological evidence etc.
Assets with little or no surviving archaeological interest. NEGLIGIBLE Examples include destroyed antiquities, structures of almost no architectural / historic merit, or relatively modern / common ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 9 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. landscape features such as quarries, drains and ponds etc.
Insufficient information exists to assess the importance of a UNKNOWN feature (e.g. unidentified features on aerial photographs).
Table 1: Assessing the Value of Cultural Heritage Receptors
3.4.4 The importance of already identified historic environment resources is determined by reference to existing designations. For previously unidentified sites where no designation has been assigned, an estimate has been made of the likely importance of that resource based on professional knowledge and judgement.
3.4.5 This report is solely for the use of WCL Quarries Ltd. and associated parties. It is prepared utilising information obtained from third party sources and BA takes no responsibility for the accuracy of such information.
3.4.6 All work in this report is based on the professional knowledge of BA and relevant (August 2012) United Kingdom standards and codes, technology and legislation. Changes in these areas may occur in the future and cause changes to the conclusions or recommendations given. BA does not accept responsibility for advising WCL Quarries Ltd. or any other parties they elect to share this information with, the implications of any such changes in the future.
3.4.7 Measurements and distances referred to in the report should be taken as approximations only and should not be used for detailed design purposes.
3.4.8 This report represents an early stage of a phased approach to assessing the archaeological and cultural heritage resource of the application site to enable the development of an appropriate mitigation strategy, should this be required. It does not comprise mitigation of impacts in itself.
4.0 PLANNING AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK GUIDANCE 4.1 Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas
4.1.1 Statutory protection for archaeological remains is principally enshrined in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (1979), amended by the National Heritage Act (1983) and National Heritage Act (2002). Nationally important archaeological sites are listed in a Schedule of Monuments and are accorded statutory protection. This necessitates the granting of formal Scheduled Monument Consent for any works undertaken with the designated area of a Scheduled Monument. ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 10 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. 4.1.2 Likewise, structures are afforded statutory protection in the form of their addition to ‘lists’ of buildings of special architectural or historical interest. The listing of buildings is carried out by under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act (1990). The main purpose of the legislation is to protect buildings and their surroundings from changes that would materially alter the special historic or architectural value of the building or its setting. This necessitates the granting of formal Listed Building Consent for development works undertaken to, or within the designated curtilage of, a Listed Building. This legislation also allows for the creation and protection of Conservation Areas in order to protect areas and groupings of historical or architectural significance. Whilst some development minor works may be permitted, this necessitates the grating of formal Conservation Area Consent for most development works to be undertaken within the boundary of a Conservation Area.
4.1.3 There are no Scheduled Monuments or Listed Buildings within or in the immediate vicinity of the application site. The site does not lie within a Conservation Area or a Registered Battlefield, Park or Garden.
4.2 National Planning Policy Framework
4.2.1 The National Planning Policy Framework published by the Department for Communities and Local Government in March 2012, hereafter referred to as NPPF, contains advice and guidance concerning the protection of archaeological remains and the historic environment within the planning process. The document combines archaeological remains and the historic environment together within the concept of ‘heritage assets’.
4.2.2 Heritage Assets are defined as ‘A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage assets include designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing)’.
4.2.3 Designated Heritage Assets include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wrecks, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields and Conservation Areas (NPPF Annex 2). There are no designated heritage assets within the application site.
4.2.4 One of the 12 core principles that underpin both plan-making and decision-taking within the framework is to ‘conserve heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, so that they can be enjoyed for their contribution to the quality of life of this and future generations’ (NPPF para 17). It recognises that heritage assets are an irreplaceable resource (para 126), and requires the significance of heritage assets to be considered in the planning process, whether designated or not. The ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 11 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. contribution of setting to asset significance needs to taken into account (para 128). The NPPF encourages early engagement (i.e. pre- application) as this has significant potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a planning application and can lead to better outcomes for the local community (para 188).
4.2.5 NPPF Section 12: conserving and enhancing the historic environment, is produced in full below:
Para 126. Local planning authorities should set out in their Local Plan a positive strategy for the conservation and enjoyment of the historic environment, including heritage assets most at risk through neglect, decay or other threats. In doing so, they should recognise that heritage assets are an irreplaceable resource and conserve them in a manner appropriate to their significance. In developing this strategy, local planning authorities should take into account:
the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation;
the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits that conservation of the historic environment can bring;
the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness; and opportunities to draw on the contribution made by the historic environment to the character of a place.
Para 127. When considering the designation of conservation areas, local planning authorities should ensure that an area justifies such status because of its special architectural or historic interest, and that the concept of conservation is not devalued through the designation of areas that lack special interest.
Para 128. In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation.
Para 129. Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal.
Para 130. Where there is evidence of deliberate neglect of or damage to a heritage asset the deteriorated state of the heritage asset should not be taken into account in any decision.
Para 131. In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of:
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 12 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation;
the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality; and
the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness.
Para 132. When considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional.
Para 133. Where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply:
the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and
no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; and
conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and
the harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use.
Para 134. Where a development proposal will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal, including securing its optimum viable use.
Para 135. The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that affect directly or indirectly non designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset.
Para 136. Local planning authorities should not permit loss of the whole or part of a heritage asset without taking all reasonable steps to ensure the new development will proceed after the loss has occurred.
Para 137. Local planning authorities should look for opportunities for new development within Conservation Areas and World Heritage Sites and within the setting of heritage assets to enhance or better reveal their significance. Proposals that preserve those elements of the setting that make a positive contribution to or better reveal the significance of the asset should be treated favourably.
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 13 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. Para 138. Not all elements of a World Heritage Site or Conservation Area will necessarily contribute to its significance. Loss of a building (or other element) which makes a positive contribution to the significance of the Conservation Area or World Heritage Site should be treated either as substantial harm under paragraph 133 or less than substantial harm under paragraph 134, as appropriate, taking into account the relative significance of the element affected and its contribution to the significance of the Conservation Area or World Heritage Site as a whole.
Para 139. Non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest that are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled monuments, should be considered subject to the policies for designated heritage assets.
Para 140. Local planning authorities should assess whether the benefits of a proposal for enabling development, which would otherwise conflict with planning policies but which would secure the future conservation of a heritage asset, outweigh the disbenefits of departing from those policies.
Para 141. Local planning authorities should make information about the significance of the historic environment gathered as part of plan-making or development management publicly accessible. They should also require developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to their importance and the impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publicly accessible. However, the ability to record evidence of our past should not be a factor in deciding whether such loss should be permitted.
4.3 Local Planning Policies
4.3.1 Lichfield District Local Plan Strategy 2015
4.3.1.1 The Lichfield District Local Plan Strategy (2015) contains policies relevant to the proposals:
Core Policy 14: Our Built & Historic Environment
o The District Council will protect and improve the built environment and have special regard to the conservation and enhancement of the historic environment through positive action and partnership working. The historic environment contributes to sustainable communities, including economic vitality, and new development must make a positive contribution to the historic environment's local distinctiveness.
o The significance of designated heritage assets including nationally protected listed buildings and their settings, ancient monuments, archaeological sites and conservation areas and their settings, will be conserved and enhanced and given the highest level of protection. Other heritage assets including locally listed buildings, and locally important parks and gardens will also be conserved and enhanced. In conjunction with Policy NR5, landscapes that form the setting to the built and historic environment will also be conserved and enhanced.
o Change will be directed to the most appropriate locations taking into account the District's heritage assets and their settings, including the historic landscape, as informed by the local evidence base. Development proposals which conserve and enhance a heritage asset or its setting will be supported where clear and convincing justification has been provided through an assessment of the significance of the asset or its setting. The sustainable re- use, maintenance and repair of listed buildings and other heritage assets will ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 14 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. be supported, particularly those that have been identified as being at risk. In conservation areas, the built form will be protected and enhanced and there should be no net loss of trees with physical improvements to conservation areas linked to the objectives contained within conservation area appraisals and their management plans where appropriate.
o Opportunities to improve understanding of the District's heritage assets will be supported through partnership work with local communities and societies using a range of historic characterization tools, the County Council’s Historic Environment Record, the expansion of the local list and the programme of Conservation Area Appraisals and Management Plans.
o The District Council will seek to maintain local distinctiveness through the built environment in terms of buildings and public spaces and enhance the relationships and linkages between the built and natural environment and through the realisation of proposed major new development.
o The skyline of Lichfield City, characterised by the five spires emerging above the roofs and tree canopy will be protected and should inform the height, scale and layout for new developments. This and other locally important views within settlements and rural locations will be safeguarded and the integration of views and vistas shaping a strong sense of place in new development layouts will also be encouraged. High quality design, tree planting, landscaping and green spaces will be required as part of new development and elsewhere, to improve quality of place, reduce the urban heat island effect and contribute to the Forest of Mercia and National Forest where applicable.
o The District Council and its partners will continue to improve Burntwood town centre and Lichfield City centre in terms of their physical quality. In Burntwood this will be particularly focused on achieving new uses and spaces of a physical form that can be integrated into an extended town centre.
o Community safety issues will be taken into account such as methods for designing out crime. Environmental improvement schemes will be implemented throughout the District in appropriate locations and the natural environment will play an important role in new development and regeneration through initiatives such green linkages, tree planting and effective landscaping to assist the health and well being of the community and reduce health inequalities. Further information will be provided within the Historic Environment Supplementary Planning Document.
Policy NR5: Natural & Historic Landscapes
o Development will be permitted where it does not negatively impact upon the geological, archaeological and historically important landscapes in the Lichfield District. The character and significance of the natural and historic landscape will be safeguarded through decisions which protect, conserve and enhance sites of international, national, regional and local importance. Where development or land use changes may affect national or locally important landscape assets, a full understanding of the context, characteristics, and significance should be provided and informed by the Historic Environment Character Assessment work of the County and District Councils. This Policy must be read in conjunction with Policy BE1: High Quality Development.
Policy BE1: High Quality Development
o All development proposals should ensure that a high quality sustainable built environment can be achieved. Development will be permitted where it can be clearly and convincingly demonstrated that it will have a positive impact on: ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 15 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. o The significance of the historic environment, such as archaeological sites, sites of historic landscape value, listed buildings, conservation areas, locally listed buildings and skylines containing important historic, built and natural features (in conjunction with Policy NR5);
o Reducing carbon emissions, by appropriate use of sustainable design and renewable energy schemes (in conjunction with the relevant sections of Core Policy 3, & Policies, SC1 and SC2);
o The built vernacular. New development, including extensions and alterations to existing buildings, should carefully respect the character of the surrounding area and development in terms of layout, size, scale, architectural design and public views;
o Public safety, health and reducing inequality, including the latest 'designing out crime' principles;
o Amenity, by avoiding development which causes disturbance through unreasonable traffic generation, noise, light, dust, fumes or other disturbance;
o The natural environment. Effective hard and soft landscaping including tree planting will be required and should be implemented in an integrated manner, making use of green corridors for movement of people as well as for biodiversity (in conjunction with Core Policy 13, NR3, NR4 and NR6);
o Sustainable transport. New development should be located in areas which have good safe access to public transport to reduce the need to travel by private car and should optimize choice of sustainable travel, particularly walking, cycling and public transport, creating new public transport nodes where necessary (in conjunction with Core Policies 3 & 5 and Policy ST1).
o New development will have a positive impact on the public realm and ensure high quality, inclusive design. This will be achieved by an appreciation of context, as well as plan, scale, proportion and detail. Specifically designed features, including public art where appropriate, should be integrated into developments in order to enhance the bespoke nature and individuality of design solutions.
o Innovative and contemporary designs will be supported where they are sympathetic to the setting and context of the surrounding area and existing development.
4.3.2 Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Minerals Local Plan 1999 – 2006
4.3.2.1 This plan contains 3 saved policies of relevance to the proposals:
Policy 24: Archaeological Sites
o Prior to the determination of a planning application for any mineral development, which might affect a feature or area of known or potential archaeological interest, or its setting, the applicant(s) will be required to submit and archaeological evaluation of the full effects of the proposal by a competent person or body. This will be based on documentary research, site investigations and if necessary, trial excavations.
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 16 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. Policy 25: Archaeological Sites
o Prior to the determination of a planning application and where the case for extracting the mineral is likely to override the case for preservation in situ of the feature or area of known or potential archaeological interest, the applicant(s) will be required to submit a statement for the approval of the Mineral Planning Authority of the means by which the archaeological interest is to be recorded or recovered by, or on behalf of, the applicant.
Policy 26: Historic Landscapes
o Prior to the determination of a planning application for any mineral development, which might affect a landscape of historic interest the applicants(s) will be required to submit an evaluation of the full effects of the proposal on the important components of the historic landscape by a competent person or body based on documentary research and site investigations.
4.3.3 The new Minerals Local Plan for Staffordshire (2015 to 2030) Final Draft – June 2015.
4.3.3.1 This plan contains 1 emerging policy relevant to the proposals:
Policy 4: Minimising the impact of mineral development
o ‘In assessing the impact of proposals for mineral development on people, local communities and the environment, where relevant..... environmental considerations will be taken in to account’.
4.3.3.2 One of the ‘environmental considerations’ comprises the historic environment:
Historic environment, having regard to the relative importance of designated and non-designated heritage assets and their settings; the potential for previously unrecorded archaeological remains; and, the impacts on historic landscape character;
In assessing proposals for mineral development, mitigation measures, or as a last resort, compensatory mitigation measures to overcome or minimise the adverse impacts of the development will be taken into account.
Having assessed the impacts of the proposals for mineral development, and the mitigation measures, permission will be granted where it has been demonstrated that there are no unacceptable adverse impacts on human health, general amenity and the natural and historic environment, except where the material planning benefits of the proposals outweigh the material planning objections.
Liaison with the local communities - Mineral operators will be encouraged to liaise with local communities when preparing new proposals and throughout the period of working and restoration of mineral sites.
Higher environmental standards - Mineral operators will be encouraged to introduce higher environmental standards of working, restoration and aftercare.
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 17 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. Ancillary development - Proposals for ancillary development within or near to a mineral site will be assessed in accordance with this policy and where planning permission is granted, it will be limited to the duration of the mineral site.
4.3.4 Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Joint Waste Core Strategy 2010 – 2026, Adopted March 2013.
4.3.4.1 The strategy contains 1 policy relevant to the proposals:
Policy 4.2 Protection of environmental quality
o The development of waste management facilities will be supported provided that the proposals would not give rise to materially harmful impacts, except where the material planning benefits of the proposals outweigh the material planning objections. Where proposals have an unavoidable adverse effect on these natural and cultural assets, impacts should be minimised by design and layout. Residual impacts should be mitigated or compensated for, either on or off site. In determining the impact of the proposed development, consideration will be given to the effect of the proposals on the following.
5.0 BASELINE CONDITIONS
5.1 Key Planning Considerations
5.1.1 Based on the SHER data the site contains two undesignated heritage assets (SHER 52093 and 04890). It should be noted however that any remains of SHER 52093 have been removed by permitted quarrying. A further undesignated heritage asset forms the sites southern boundary (SHER 02221). The three relevant SHER entries are listed below:
. SHER entry 52093 (@ SK 0721 0640) comprises a former Post-medieval field boundary recorded during an archaeological strip, map and record programme undertaken in 2008. It should be noted however that this undesignated heritage assets no longer exists as it has been removed by permitted quarrying.
. SHER entry 04890 (@ SK 0741 0646) comprises an enclosure identified from aerial photography consisting of a three sided enclosure of possible Iron Age or Roman date.
. SHER entry 02221 (@ SK 0795 0680) does not lie within the site but forms the sites southern boundary. This entry comprises part of Wyrley and Essington Extension and Anglesey Branch of the Lichfield Canal, authorised in 1794 and constructed in 1797. The canal largely went out of use in 1954 and much of it has been back-filled.
5.2 Previous Archaeological Work
5.2.1 Two Archaeological, Strip, Map and Record exercises (2008 and 2012, Phases 1 and 2) have been undertaken on the site immediately to the west of the proposed eastern extension. The archaeological programmes were a condition of planning permission ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 18 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. (L.05/02/802MW) for previous eastern extensions to the quarry. Prior to this it is understood that no previous formal intrusive archaeological work has been undertaken on the site.
5.2.2 No features, deposits or finds of archaeological significance were recorded / recovered during the 2008 Phase 1 archaeological work. A summary of the results appears below (Cherrington 2008):
. Benchmark Archaeology was commissioned by Mr Simon Winner of Walsall Concrete Ltd. to undertake an Archaeological Strip, Map and Record exercise on land at Cranebrook Quarry, Watling Street, Muckley Corner, Lichfield, Staffordshire WS14 0BD (NGR: SK 407267 306395), ahead of proposed mineral extraction on the site (Planning Application L.05/02/802MW).
. A review of the Staffordshire Historic Environment Record established that the application site lies within an area of archaeological interest. In view of this, the Principal Archaeologist, Staffordshire County Council recommended that a Strip, Map and Record exercise be undertaken in advance of mineral extraction.
. The Archaeological Strip, Map and Record exercise was successful in its aims and confirmed that no features or deposits of archaeological significance were present in the Phase 1 area. The only features identified comprised a probable Post-medieval hedgerow/boundary, a former geo- technical pit, and evidence for modern ploughing. The lack of a consistent subsoil deposit across the site would suggest that the site has extensively ploughed in the past.
. While the results of this phase of work produced negative archaeological results, it has to be recognised that the wider landscape is known to be of archaeological importance, with evidence for an Iron Age/Roman enclosure lying to the west of the area proposed for Phase 2 soil stripping.
5.2.2 The 2012 Phase 2 archaeological fieldwork has been completed and reporting is in progress (Cherrington forthcoming). No features, deposits or finds of archaeological significance were recorded / recovered.
6.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CARTOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND SUMMARY (Figures 5 – 11, Appendices 1 - 6)
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 A Staffordshire Historic Environment Record (SHER) search was undertaken taken on 18.06.2015 and revised on 25.08.2015. The search covered a c. 1.0km radius from site centre @ NGR: 407360 306379). The search area contains 57 SHER records consisting of 13 Archaeological Events, 40 Archaeological Monuments and 4 Listed Buildings. A review of Historic Land Characterisation records was also undertaken. Cartographic and documentary research was undertaken at Lichfield Library on 30.07.2015. Further information was gathered from internet resources and the authors BA’s collection of local history
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 19 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. material. The full SHER mapping and reports appear in Appendices 1 – 6.
6.2 SHER Data
6.2.1 Archaeological Events
6.2.1.1 Thirteen archaeological events are recorded within the 1.0km radial search area. The events relate to various archaeological assessments / evaluations, excavations, building surveys, geoforensic work and a watching brief.
6.2.1.2 A single archaeological event (EST 1831 @ SK 0721 0640) has been recorded within the site area. This event comprised an archaeological strip, map and record programme on an earlier quarry extension immediately to the west of the current proposed eastern extension. The programme recorded a former field boundary of Post-medieval date.
EST1162: A preliminary archaeological assessment of the archaeological implications of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road (M6 Saredon to Littleworth End). @ SK 04624 02970.
EST1177: An aerial photographic assessment of the route corridor of the proposed new Birmingham Northern Relief Road. @ SK 06842 06007.
EST1182: An archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. @ SK 0517 0254.
EST1183: Further archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. @ SK 0517 0254.
EST1185: An assessment of the program of archaeological work carried out on the M6 Toll Road. @ SK 07256 03374.
EST1544: A survey of a barn at Hammerwich Place Farm, Hammerwich as part of the SPAB Domesday Survey of Barns. @ SK 0745 0702.
EST1831: Archaeological strip, map and record programme on the proposed site of the extension to Cranebrook Quarry, Hammerwich. A former field boundary of post-medieval date was recorded during the work. @ SK 0721 0640.
EST2423: A Geoforensic search of part of the field from which the Staffordshire Hoard was recovered was undertaken in September 2009 by Halcrow Group Limited with the Staffordshire Police and the Home Office Scientific Development Branch. The purpose of the survey, undertaken using a gradient magnetometer and a compact detector, was to identify and recover any remaining hoard-associated objects from the immediate vicinity of the hoard field. Numerous metal objects relating to past and recent farming activity were identified during the survey and only two brass objects of possible archaeological significance recovered. @ SK 0639 0639.
EST2221: An Archaeological watching brief was undertaken during the excavation of test pits associated with road widening works on the A5 at Muckley Corner in January 2011. The watching brief concluded that all further ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 20 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. excavation works for the road widening scheme would be contained entirely within made ground. @ SK 0797 0650.
EST2424: The archaeological excavation and recovery of the Staffordshire Hoard was undertaken between early July and late August 2009 by the original finder, Staffordshire County Council, Birmingham Archaeology and the Portable Antiquities Scheme. The excavation and recovery included the original metal detecting activity by the finder, geophysical survey, test-pitting, archaeological excavation (including sampling and seiving), more systematic metal detecting survey. @ SK 0639 0639.
EST2425: An archaeological evaluation of the site of the Staffordshire Hoard find following its initial excavation and recovery in July-August 2009. The evaluation comprising of further geophysical (resistivity) survey, trial trenching and test pitting. The evaluation revealed a number of undated features including possible palisade trenches and field boundaries, none of which could be associated with the Staffordshire Hoard. A curvilinear feature identified in previous investigation in 2009 was determined to be of geological origin along with other anomalies identified by resistivity. No gold or silver objects were recovered, with the only datable find being a sherd of medieval pottery from a field boundary. @ SK 0639 0639.
EST2378: A metal detector and field walking survey of the field from which the Staffordshire Hoard was recovered in 2009. The survey was undertaken in November 2012 and over 1000 individual items of metal were recovered, 86 of which were declared Treasure by the Staffordshire Coroner. @ SK 0639 0639.
EST2477: An archaeological excavation and targeted watching brief on land west of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich was undertaken in advance of works associated with the construction of the M6 Toll road. The excavations, which took place at some time between 2001 and 2003, revealed a single Iron Age feature, followed by the occupation of part of the site by a Romano-British field system before a large aisled building and well were constructed on the site, along with an urned cremation burial. Post-medieval field boundaries and evidence for former minor railway probably relating to the inter-war use of a nearby sand quarry. @ SK 0689 0625.
6.2.2 Archaeological Monuments
6.2.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2.1.1 A total of 40 archaeological monuments are recorded within the 1.0km radial search area. The monuments have a Prehistoric (c. 500,000 BC - AD 43) to Post-medieval to Modern (AD 1540 – AD 2050) date range. Two of the archaeological monuments (52093 @ SK 0721 0640 and 04890 @ SK 0741 0646) lie within the site boundary. A further entry (02221 @ SK 0795 0680) forms the southern boundary of the site.
6.2.2.1.2 The archaeological monuments within the 1.0km radial search area are listed by period below.
6.2.2.2 Unknown Date
. 01669: Earthwork / Trackway, Near Hammerwich Hall. The earthwork remains of a possible trackway, which is aligned with (and possibly ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 21 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. associated with) a linear feature to the north. These features have been interpreted at the possible remains of a former village street or road. Trackway: A wet hollow on the south side of Hall Lane, which appears to be aligned with a shrunken linear feature on the northern side of the road. Possibly evidence of a former village street or road? @ SK 0753 0733.
. 04858: Linear Cropmarks, Watling Street, Hammerwich. A linear cropmark feature of unknown date or function, running north from Watling Street. @ SK 0725 0659.
. 60422: Unidentified Find, Wall. An unidentified object which is T-shaped in plan and which appears to be of iron encased in copper alloy. The object was recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish. @ SK 08 06.
. 57456: Field Boundary and Possible Palisade Trenches, Hammerwich. Watling Street Roman road (A5). No further finds of Anglo-Saxon treasure were recovered during the evaluation suggesting that the findspot was concentrated and that all items were successfully recovered during the recovery work in July and August 2009. No features or possible features which could be associated with the treasure were identified in either the 2009 or 2010 investigations, although this is not considered surprising given the nature of the hoard, which was probably buried for later recovery or for symbolic purpose. Probably the most recent feature investigated during the evaluation was the curvilinear field boundary. A small sherd of medieval pottery was recovered from the feature and, if not intrusive, could indicate that the field boundary is of medieval origin. It has been suggested that the field boundary deviated from its original course to respect an above-ground feature (now no longer extant) in the approximate area around the hoard findspot. @ SK 0639 0639.
6.2.2.3 Prehistoric (c. 500,000 BC - AD 43)
02676: Flint Axe Findspot, Hammerwich. A Neolithic or Bronze Age flint axe, found near Crane Brook. @ SK 066 065.
60973: Stone Pick Findspot, Hammerwich. A complete quartzite unifacial elongated stone pick of Lower or Middle Palaeolithic date, recovered during fieldwalking in Hammerwich parish in June 2012. @ SK 06 06.
61047: Gold Quarter Stater (Coin), Wall. A gold quarter stater of Cunobelin, struck at Camulodunum (Colchester), and dating from the late first century BC to the early first century AD, recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish in April or May 2011. @ SK 08 05.
58320: Iron Age Deposit, West of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich. A single, irregular hollow feature containing a deposit of burnt and fire-cracked quartz pebbles and charcoal, identified during archaeological excavations to the west of Crange Brook Cottage, Hammerwich during the construction of the M6 Toll. Although the function of the feature is unclear, radiocarbon dating suggests that the deposit is of Early of Mid Iron Age date. A single irregular hollow measuring 2.7 metres by 1 metre and 0.13 metres deep. The hollow contained a single fill of burnt and fire-cracked quartz pebbles lying in a greyish-brown silty sand matrix. The fill also contained flecks of charcoal. A sample of charcoal produced a radiocarbon date of 800-520 Cal BC, although the nature of the charcoal (being oak heartwood) and the fact the date falls within the radiocarbon plateau means that the date of the deposit could be 250-300 years older (and of Early or Mid Iron Age origin). The function is unclear with deposits of fire-cracked stone indicating a possible range of activities from domestic or industrial to ritual. @ SK 0694 0622. ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 22 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. 6.2.2.4 Iron Age to Roman (c. 800 BC to 409 AD)
. 04890: Cropmark Enclosure, Watling Street. Cropmark evidence for a three sided enclosure of possible Iron Age or Roman date. @ SK 0741 0646.
. 61224: Button and Loop Fastner Findspot, Wall. Part of a copper alloy button and loop fastner of probable Late Iron Age or early Roman date, recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish in January 2002. @ SK 08 06.
. 61045: Glass Bead Findspot, Shenstone. A broken glass bead of possible Late Iron Age or Roman date, recovered during metal detecting in Shenstone parish in 2011. @ SK 07 05.
6.2.2.5 Roman (43 AD to 409 AD)
01140: Watling Street Roman Road. The course of Watling Street roman road, which is mostly followed by the modern A5 trunk road. The Roman road of Watling Street passes through the districts of Lichfield, Cannock, South Staffordshire and Tamworth. Aerial photography shows the general panorama of the route. Section cut through the road by J. Gould in 1963-1964. An archaeological watching brief was carried out at Bonehill Mill in Fazeley, Tamworth during the construction of a new boundary wall as the course of the Roman road ran through the site. No trace of Roman activity was uncovered during the work. @ SK 0172 0569.
60421: Key Findspot, Wall. A copper alloy key of probable Roman date, found in Wall Parish. @ SK 08 06.
58285: Road Surface, Watling Street, Hammerwich. The remains the agger (road surface), possible kerb and roadside ditch to Watling Street Roman road, identified during archaeological excavations along the route of the M6 Toll at Hammerwich. Evidence for the continued use of the road into the Saxon and medieval period, its possible abandonment in the medieval period and the re-establishment of the road in the 18th century was also recorded. An archaeological watching brief and excavation along the A5 (Watling Street Roman road) at just west of Wall (between Muckley Corner and Brownhills, Hammerwich) was undertaken during construction works for the M6 Toll. The excavations revealed evidence for a roadside ditch, sandy road foundation layers and a sequence of four road surfaces (two cobbled and two of modern asphalt). Evidence for possible wheel-rutting in the road surface was also observed. Only sparse dating evidence was recovered however the completeness of the sequence of deposits allowed the reasonable interpretation of the earlier cobbled surface to relate to the Romano-British period. The road surface appeared to be stratigraphically related to a roadside ditch that ran parallel to it on its north side. This early road surface is thought to represent the Roman road of Watling Street (PRN 01140) and is suggested to have been of military construction. Its agger, possibly defined by a stone kerb, and ditch, are characteristic of many other Roman roads in Britain. Evidence suggests that the road was in use for some time, potentially continuing in use into the Saxon and medieval period before falling out of use. The second cobbled surface is thought probably constructed shortly after 1706 when this stretch of Watling Street was turnpiked, an interpretation supported by the recovery of a small number of post-medieval finds from this layer. @ SK 0641 0651.
58251: A number of features of Romano-British date were identified during an archaeological excavation at Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich during the
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 23 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. construction of the M6 Toll Road along the route of the M6 Toll (undertaken at some time between 2001 and 2003). @ SK 0689 0625.
o Pit: Stratigraphically the earliest feature of Romano-British date was an oval or circular pit with a bowl-shaped profile, the upper fill of which contained a small quantity of burnt small mammal bones. The pit was truncated on its north-western and northeastern sides by later ditches.
o Field System: A group of ditches forming part of a rectilinear arrangement of field or paddock boundaries were also recorded. The (excavated) extent of the field system was defined by two roughly parallel ditches aligned north-east to south-west and lying some 70 metres apart. Five sherds of black-burnished ware and the rim of a jar in an oxidised fabric broadly datable to the 2nd century were recovered from the fill of one of these ditches. The area between the ditches was sub-divided by another similarly aligned feature, although this had been severely truncated by post-Roman ploughing. A further ditch extended from this at a right angle heading south-east, although this too had been substantially truncated at its north-western end. The north-west to south- east aligned ditch appears to have been re-cut at some point. An assemblage of early to mid-2nd century pottery was also recovered from its fill at the south- eastern end and it is possible that the dumping of this material into the ditch may have been associated with its deliberate back-filling to accommodate the construction of a later, aisled building (see below). A series of largely undated boundary ditches with distinctly different fills also crossed this area, cutting the 2nd century ditches discussed above. Although these features remain undated they do not appear on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey mapping of 1887-1888 and do follow similar alignment to the earlier north-east to south- west ditch features perhaps indicating some form of relationship between them. It is possible that the system of ditched boundaries may have continued to the south-east where a further linear ditch feature was recorded, although on slightly different north-west to south-east alignment. This ditch also contained pottery of 2nd century date.
o Aisled Building: In the central area of excavation a large aisled building was constructed over the south-east part of the back-filled boundaryditch (discussed above). The building was post-built, surviving as four rows of post holes overall measuring almost 30 metres north-west to south-east and 10 metres north-east to south-west and forming a structure of 10 bays. The two inner rows of post holes lay circa 6 metres apart and probably bore the greater part of the weight of the building's superstructure. The two outer rows of post holes were smaller and probably supported the outer walls of the building. The south-eastern end of the building appears to have been open, while the central large post hole at the north-west end (plus additional outer post holes) indicate that this end was closed. The post holes were generally square on plan, with rounded corners (although some were nearly circular). The substantial size of the post holes (the inner ones measuring up to 1.45 metres wide and averaged over 1 metre deep) gives some indication of the scale of the building. Post pipes preserved within the majority of the of post holes showed that the timbers which they held were round in section and 0.20-0.40 metres in diameter. In three of the post holes water-logging has preserved fragments of wood from the bases of the posts which were identified as mature oak. Two of the post holes at the mid point of the south- western side both contained twin posts, which appear to have been deliberately inserted at the same time (rather than representing replacement of an old or damaged post). The reason for this arrangement is, however, unclear. A single post holes also had evidence for a post-pad formed of several flattish stones. Also along the mid-point of the south-western side was evidence for a large, kidney-shaped pit (lying outside the line of theouter post holes). The pit had an irregular profile and contained a greyish brown silty fill from which 33 sherds from the body and base of a jar and a single sherd from ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 24 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. a second vessel (dating to the second half of the 2nd century) were recovered. A similar feature in an equivalent position was also identified on the other side of the building. The post holes along the north-western end wall were considerably shallower than elsewhere in the structure and there was also evidence for repair in this part of the building with some post holes appearing to have been replaced. No floor surfaces or other features associated with the use of the building were identified, except for a single, clay-lined gully aligned north-east to south-west. The sides and base of the gully were lined with light grey clay (interpreted as possible waterproofing for a drain) and it contained a fill of black, charcoal-rich soil, the well-preserved charcoal component being dominated by oak roundwood, possibly derived from coppiced trees. The building appears to have been deliberately demolished, with evidence for the digging-out and deliberate removal of some of the posts and the post holes back-filled. It is suggested that where evidence for posts survived within the post holes that these may have been sawn off at ground level and the stumps left to rot in situ. Pottery recovered from the packing and post pipes of the post holes suggested that the building dated from the middle of the 2nd century. A small group of sherds was also recovered from the demolition related back-filling of the post holes after the removal of the posts also dated to a similar period indicating that the building may have been relatively short-lived or perhaps that this pottery was residual.
o Well: A stone-lined well was recorded circa 10 metres north-east of the aisled building. The construction cut for the well was roughly square and measured 2.7 metres across. The lining was well constructed from blocks of pale brown sandstone which had been roughly worked and shaped to fit the diameter of the shaft. The inner face of the stone work had been stained a reddish hue as a result of weathering. Excavation of the upper 1 metre of well recorded three layers of greyishbrown sand from which a small quantity of undiagnostic Romano-British pottery was recovered. The lower half of the well was half- sectioned by machine, which revealed that it was 2.5 metres deep and filled with a homogenous deposit of grey sand which, although wet, contained no waterlogged remains.
o Cremation: An urned cremation burial in a bowl-shaped grave was identified circa 20 metres north-west of the aisled building. The grave was 0.4 metres in diameter but had been substantially truncated by post-Roman ploughing and survived to a depth of only 0.07 metres. It contained a deposit of cremated bone probably representing a sub-adult/adult aged over 13 years. Also recovered from the grave were 13 sherds of pottery representing the lower part of a grey ware vessel which clearly must have served as the urn for the cremated bone. The grave contained very little charcoal or charred plant remains indicating that the bone had been carefully picked out of the pyre debris for reburial.
o Other Romano-British Features: A small number of other features of definite or presumed Romano-British date were also recorded including a pit to the south- west of the aisled building (which may have been deliberately back- filled) and a pair of post holes circa 65 metres from the aisled building. The two post holes lay circa 2 metres apart and are considered likely to represent the partial remains of single structure (the rest of which may have lain beyond the adjacent edge of excavation). The fills of both post holes produced fragments of undiagnostic fired clay, but no datable artefacts.
6.2.2.6 Saxon (410 AD to 1065 AD)
02483: Hilton / Iltone (Settlement). The Canons of Wolverhampton held three virgates of land themselves in Hilton. There was land for one plough. Two free men and four smallholders had two ploughs. @ SK 081 055. ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 25 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. 02470: Hammerwich / Humeruuich (Settlement). A settlement recorded in the Domesday Book. The two Hammerwichs formed one of seven settlements belonging to the Bishop of Chester's manor of Lichfield, which were all described as being 'waste'. There was five carucates of land recorded at the two Hammerwichs. @ SK 0690 0740.
56738: The Staffordshire Hoard, Hammerwich. On the 5th July 2009 a metal detectorist began to recover a hoard of gold objects from a field adjacent to the A5 at Hammerwich. Over a period of 5 days the detectorist recovered around 200 items, mainly of gold and at this stage the finds were reported to the Portable Antiquities Scheme. As well as recovering individual objects the finder also had the foresight to lift out several large 'lumps' of soil where metal detector readings were particularly high. An initial assessment of the finds confirmed that many were of 'Salins' Style 2' type and probably of 6th to 7th century date. The range of finds suggested high status associations and were comparable with material recovered from the Sutton Hoo ship burial. X-rays of the lumps of soil showed each to be packed with numerous metal objects and these were the subject of excavation in the lab at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery. Following the initial period of metal detecting a 1 metre square test pit was excavated by Staffordshire County Council and the Portable Antiquities Scheme with the finder to better understand the archaeological context of the hoard. This excavation recovered numerous further gold items and confirmed that the material was derived from the plough soil. Any surrounding metal detector signals were also plotted with GPS at this stage. The area of excavation was extended to 2 metres square and this was again excavated systematically between the 24th and 29th of July 2009. A scan of the area surrounding the test pit suggested that the concentration of hoard material was likely to be confined to an area measuring approximately 20 metres square. This wider area was then laid out in 1 metre by 1 metre grid squares with each systematically hand excavated, with recovered object allocated a small find number. Although wet sieving of all soil was proposed to recover smaller fragments of metal, the nature of the wet clay soils made this an ineffective process and was therefore discontinued after a couple of days. A metal detector was employed over the excavated soil to maximise recovery. The total area of excavation was 9 metres by 13 metres and was completed by the 21st August 2009. Between the 10th and 14th of August a metal detector survey of the wider site was also undertaken by the original finder, who marked the location of any potential metal detector signals for had excavation. The survey covered an area of approximately 50 metres square (laid out in a 5 metre by 5 metre grid) in the north-western corner of the field. All objects recovered during this survey were post-medieval date and included a plough share fragment, a gun cartridge and unidentified fragments of iron. Topsoil was also scanned with a metal detector during the mechanical backfilling of the excavated area and from this a number of gold or silver objects were recovered. Following the back-filling a number of pitlike anomalies identified by the geophysical survey were plotted on the ground with a GPS and were hand-excavated in 0.20 metre square test pits. The finds recovered included over 1300 objects of mainly gold and silver, with some other materials including iron, lead, glass and garnet. @ SK 0637 0639.
The range of objects included:
o Almost 200 'strips' of metal, some decorated with filigree interlace, some thought to be possible helmet fragments
o A few fragments of metal-working debris including probable slag, possible copper alloy melt or spillage and lead spillage and slag ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 26 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. o Over 220 fragments of sheet metal, some decorated with repousse, eometric, or other decoration, some of which are thought to be possible helmet fragments.
o Over 30 possible rivets or associated plates, heads or rings
o Over 10 rings, some decorated
o Over 70 plates, some decorated with cloisonné, interlace, inlays, zoomorphic designs, and/or garnet settings and several with eagle head designs
o A pin (possibly more recent origin)
o A pendant cross with expanded arms and a central cabochon setting
o Other panels (some decorated), mounts (some decorated), nails, iron objects and fragments and over 40 lengths of gold and silver wire
o Sword fittings including 10 'pyramids' and over sword 80 pommels
o Approximately 140 sword hilt plates, plate fragments or plate fittings
o Over 70 sword hilt collars or collar fragments,
o Over 10 studs or similar
o Over 10 garnets other glass gems, pellets and sherds,
o Over 250 other fragments
o A few pieces of foil
6.2.2.7 Medieval (AD 1066 – AD 1539)
20075: Ridge and Furrow, Hammerwich. The earthwork remains of medieval or later ridge and furrow, identified on aerial photography from the 1960s. @ SK 0696 0711.
20076: Ridge and Furrow, North-East of Hilton, Wall. The earthwork remains of medieval or later ridge and furrow, identified on aerial photography from the 1960s. @ SK 08378 05801.
55336: Ridge and Furrow, East of Church Lane, Hammerwich. Ridge and furrow earthworks, evidence of medieval and later ploughing, identified on aerial photography in the area to the east of Church Lane, Hammerwich. The fields where the ridge and furrow earthworks were identified were under plough in the late 20th century. @ SK 0714 0745.
60423: Spoon Findspot, Wall. A complete pewter spoon of mid 15th to 16th century date, with a knop terminal and undecorated stem. The spoon was recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish in January 1998. @ SK 08 06.
6.2.2.8 Post-medieval to Modern (AD 1540 – AD 2050)
01668: Timber-Framed Barn, Hammerwich Hall Farm, Hall Lane, Hammerwich. A post-medieval timber-framed barn of cruck construction. The barn has been partly re-built and extended in brick. Cruck: Three cruck blades ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 27 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. re-used in the construction of a post-medieval agricultural barn. The barn has four bays of post and truss construction, with trenched double purlins, a ridge piece, wind braces, tie beam and double collar gables, and single collar internal open trusses. Partly rebuilt and extended in brick. A lean to and cattle shelter had also been added and the barn has also been heightened. @ SK 0749 0736.
02221: Lichfield Canal - Wyrley and Essington Extension and Anglesey Branch. The course of The Wyrley and Essington Extension and Anglesey Branch of the Lichfield Canal, authorised in 1794 and constructed in 1797 to bring coal from the collieries at Wyrley and Essington to Wolverhampton. The canal largely went out of use in 1954 and much of it has been back-filled. The canal was Surveyed by William Pitt and was authorised in 1794. A short length of canal side wooden revetment was identified during an investigation on land between 63A and 65 Shortbutts Lane, Lichfield. The Birmingham Canal Navigation Company acquired the Wyrley and Essington Canal in 1840 and undertook major refurbishment works along its length. The eastern end of the canal fell out of use following an act of Parliament in 1954 and much of it was backfilled. @ SK 0795 0680.
04901: Old Field Boundaries, New Town, Hammerwich. Linear cropmark features identified from aerial photography, which are the remains of former field boundaries.@ SK 0620 0656.
01090: Church of St John the Baptist, Hammerwich. A listed parish church built between 1873 and 1883 by Newman and Billing. The church is in the Early English style and is of coursed sandstone, with a west steeple, nave, apse and north aisle. It is thought to have been built on the site of an earlier (Medieval) church. Grade II Listed Building @ SK 0704 0733.
09572: The Windmill, Church Lane, Hammerwich. A listed late 18th century former windmill, which is of rendered brick construction with a tapered circular base rising to three storeys. The windmill was converted into a dwelling in the mid 20th century. Grade II Listed Building @ SK 0674 0738.
13676: Hammerwich House Farm, Hall Lane, Hammerwich. A listed early 19th century red brick farmhouse with a hipped tile roof. Grade II Listed Building @ SK 0685 0739.
13677: Hammerwich Place Farmhouse, Hall Lane, Hammerwich. A listed early 19th century farmhouse of painted brick construction, situated at the centre of a small hamlet. Grade II Listed Building @ SK 0745 0699.
51089: Barn, Hammerwich Place Farm, Hammerwich. An 18th century brick built barn with a tiled, gabled roof. A brick built barn located in a farm group within a village. The barn measures 52 foot by 13 foot with three internal bays, one large cart entrance and a gabled and tiled roof. The barn is in fair condition and is used for crop storage. There are also ranges of stables in the farm group. @ SK 0745 0702.
52093: Field Boundary, West of Muckley Corner, Hammerwich. The remains of a former field/hedgerow boundary of probable post-medieval date, identified during a strip, map and record exercise at Cranebrook Quarry. A north-east to south-west aligned linear feature measuring 0.40 metres in width and excavated to a depth of 0.17 metres. The cut feature had a rounded base and gently sloping sides and contained a single fill of brown sandy loam with occasional small stone or piece of charcoal. No dating evidence was recovered from the feature, however it has been interpreted as the probable
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 28 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. remains of a former post-medieval field/hedgerow boundary. @ SK 0722 0636.
53186: Old Farm, Hammerwich. A farmstead with a dispersed cluster plan, which was extant by the late 19th century. Only the farmhouse now survives. A farmstead with a dispersed cluster plan, located within the centre of Hammerwich. The farm was extant by the late 19th century. Only the farmhouse now survives, with the remainder of the original farm buildings having been replaced with larger, modern, agricultural buildings. @ SK 0673 0749.
53187: Hammerwich House Farm, Hammerwich. A farmstead of probable early 19th century origin laid out in a loose courtyard (enclosed on three sides), with a detached farmhouse to the south. The original farm buildings all appear to have been replaced and the plan form of the farmstead has altered. Only the farmhouse now survives. A farmstead of loose courtyard plan enclosed on three sides, with additional detached elements (some later additions) and a detached farmhouse of early 19th century date to the south. The farm buildings all appear to have been replaced in the second half of the 20th century and the plan form of the farmstead has changed. Only the farmhouse now survives. @ SK 0687 0742.
57146: Crane Brook House (Farm), Watling Street, Muckley Corner, Hammerwich. An isolated farmstead laid out around a regular L-plan courtyard with detached farmhouse and additional detached outbuildings. The farmstead was probably established in the late 18th or early 19th century and is still extant, although with some new sheds added to the west. An isolated farmstead laid out around a regular L-plan courtyard with detached farmhouse and additional detached elements. The farmstead is not shown on William Yates map of 1775 but is marked on the 1830s 1" Ordnance Survey map, indicating that it was probably established in the late 18th or early 19th century. The farmstead is still extant. Some new, larger scale agricultural buildings have been added to the west of the original ranges. @ SK 0757 0654.
57097: Hammerwich Hall Farm, Hammerwich Lane, Hammerwich. An isolated farmstead laid out around a series of dispersed yards with detached farmhouse and hay barn. The farmstead may have been established in the earlier post-medieval period and survives relatively unaltered and in agricultural use. The farmstead includes a post-medieval barn of cruck-framed construction indicating a possible 16th-17th century date for the origin of the farmstead. The farmstead survives largely unaltered since the late 19th century, with only a few minor losses. Some new agricultural buildings have been added to the north. @ SK 0748 0736.
57117: Warrenhouse Farm, Barracks Lane, Brownhills. An isolated farmstead originally laid out around a regular, three-sided yard with main L-plan range and farmhouse long side on to the yard. A building is shown on William Yates' map of 1775 in this approximate area, set within heathland and named 'Hogley Lodge', which may be a precursor to the establishment of 'Warrenhouse Farm' during the reorganisation and enclosure of the landscape in the early 19th century. The farmstead appears to be marked on the 1830s 1" Ordnance Survey map and is named as 'Warrenhouse Farm on the late 19th century 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map. The farmstead is still extant, although has been significantly altered, with the farmhouse appearing to have been replaced by a newer building to the south and further new agricultural buildings to the north. @ SK 0625 0617.
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 29 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. 57118: Springhill Farm, Lichfield Road, Springhill, Hammerwich. An isolated farmstead laid out around a reguklar courtyard with attached farmhouse. The farmstead first appears on the 1830s 1" Ordnance Survey and was probably established around this time in association with the reorganisation and enclosure of the landscape. The farmstead is still extant, although the outbuildings may have been converted for residential use. @ SK 0687 0553.
57121: The Beeches (Farm), Pouk Lane, Springhill, Wall. An isolated farmstead laid out around a regular, U-plan courtyard with attached farmhouse. The farmstead is not shown on William Yates map of 1775 but is marked on the 1" 1830s Ordnance Survey mapping and was probably established in association with the reorganisation and enclosure of the landscape in the early 19th century. The farmstead is still extant, although with some minor loss to its original layout plan. @ SK 0753 0549.
51396: Milepost, Near the Boat Inn, Summerhill, Hammerwich. An early 20th century triangular cast iron milepost located on the north-west side of the A461, near Boat Inn at Summerhill, Hammerwich. The milepost gives distances to Lichfield and Walsall. The signage of the left hand side reads Lichfield (3 1/2 miles). The signage of the right hand side reads Walsall (6 miles). The milepost was manufactured by Cochrane & Co. @ SK 076 060.
56066: Finger Post, Hammerwich Lane, Hammerwich. A probable early to mid 20th century black and white painted, cast iron finger post at the junction of Hammerwich Lane, Hall Lane, Station Road and Lion's Den, Hammerwich. The finger post points direction to Muckley Corner, Lichfield and Brownhills. A black and white painted cast iron finger post situated at the junction of Hammerwich Lane, Hall Lane, Station Road and Lion's Den, Hammerwich. The finger post has three arms pointing direction to 'MUCKLEY CORNER', 'LICHFIELD' and 'BROWNHILLS'. The post measures 6 inches in diameter (narrowing to 4 1/2 inches under the arms). @ SK 0748 0707.
6.2.3 Listed Buildings
6.2.3.1 A total of 4 Listed Buildings are recorded within the 1.0km search area. All of the buildings have Grade II status. No Listed Buildings lie within the application site.
DST4977: Church of St John the Baptist. Parish church. 1873-83 by Newman and Billing. Rock faced random coursed sandstone; tiled roofs; verge parapets; west steeple, nave, apse and north aisle. Early English style. Steeple: of 3 stages with clasping buttresses, the tower is set-in to bell chamber level with corbelled eaves, broach spire and lucarnes. Pointed, paired bell chamber openings; triple, pointed west window over pointed west door. An octagonal stair turret is embedded into south east angle with the nave which has corbelled eaves of three bays of paired, pointed windows divided by two stage buttresses. Apse, only marginally lower than nave, two short bays to sides and 3- sided east end all with trefoil headed lancets; two light east window under gablet. Aisle: pent, paired pointed windows and vestry set against tower. @ SK 0700 0736. Grade II Listed Building.
DST4978: Hammerwich House Farm. Farmhouse. Early C19. Red brick, hipped tile roof; centre ridge stack; square plan. Two storeys and attic, two- window front; glazing bar sashes with segmental heads; central entrance with small painted stone, segmental roofed porch and part-glazed door. @ SK 0685 0739. Grade II Listed Building.
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 30 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. DST4981: Hammerwich Place, Hall Lane, Hammerwich. Farmhouse. Early C19. Painted brick; tiled roof; verge parapets; end stacks. Two-storey, three- window front; glazing bar sashes with segmental heads, the left hand range slightly offset; entrance under centre window with moulded surround and slight cornice over radial fanlight and 6-panel door. The house is attractively situated at the centre of a small hamlet. @ SK 0745 0699. Grade II Listed Building.
DST4979: The Windmill, Church Lane, Hammerwich. Windmill. Late C18, converted to a dwelling mid C20. Rendered brickwork. Tapered circular base of 3 storeys with a range of C20 windows to north. C20 ogee roofed capping with fenestrated boarded top stage. Set prominently adjacent to the church of St. John the Baptist. @ SK 0674 0738. Grade II Listed Building.
6.2.4 Historic Land Characterisation Data
6.2.4.1 The majority of the site lies within what the refined HLC describes as an ‘Industrial and Extractive’ area described thus:
The majority of the land identified within the original HLC data has been found to have originated in the Modern period (1914 to present) although a few have been identified as originating in the Industrial period (1800-1913). Consequently only one ‘Refined HLC type’ was assigned for these sites. The lack of earlier industrial and extractive sites within the HLC may partly be explained by the fact that in general industry prior to the mid 19th century was carried out on a smaller, even domestic scale and was therefore did not cover a sufficient area (of at least 1ha) to be represented in the HLC. However, such sites are considered an important part of the historic environment and are recorded on the Staffordshire Historic Environment Record (HER) where they are known.
6.2.4.1 The remainder of the site including the proposed eastern extension lies within what the refined HLC describes as ‘Post War Amalgamated Fields’:
The period of origin for this Refined HLC Type is always ‘Post-1945’ and reflects the intensification of agriculture from the end of the Second World War, which resulted in the loss of many field boundaries.
6.2.5 Historic Environment Character Zones
6.2.5.1 There are 3 HECZ’s (HECZ’s 5, 7 and 12) recorded within the 1.0km radial search area. None of the HECZ’s lie within the site.
6.2.5.2 The nearest HECZ (HECZ 7 Burntwood: Hammerwich) lies to the north of the site just across the A5 Watling Street. The HECZ 7 summary description reads:
This HECZ once formed part of Cannock Forest and is likely to have been a landscape of woodland and heath land from the prehistoric period until at least the later medieval period. Hammerwich developed as small settlement with three distinct centres of occupation, although one of these, including the church, lies beyond the zone (in BHECZ 12). Arable agriculture appears to have been practised to the south of the zone by the medieval period, although it is possible that pre-medieval settlement may have existed in the ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 31 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. area located near to the Watling Street Roman road. Certainly previously unknown settlement has been found in the wider area beyond boundary of the zone.
Medium or large scale development is unlikely to have a significant impact upon the known historic environment assets of the zone, although there is the potential for unknown assets to survive. Any development which may be planned for the zone would need to address impacts upon and potential mitigation strategies for:
o the impact upon the Listed buildings o the historic landscape around Appletree Farm o the potential for below ground archaeological deposits
Early consultation with the Cultural Heritage Team at Staffordshire County Council and the Conservation Officer at Lichfield District Council is advised.
6.3 Cartographic Background
6.3.1 Available mapping of the site covers the period 1882-83 to c. 2014 (Figures 5 – 12).
6.3.2 The earliest readily available map of the site at a useful scale is the Ordnance Survey map of 1882-83 (Figure 5). This depicts the site as enclosed fields lying to the south of Watling Street. The various fields now forming the application site are enclosed by field boundaries (probably hedgerows) running on (approximately) north-south alignments. To the west of the site is what appears to be a footpath running from Watling Street to the unlabelled canal forming the southern boundary of the site. The line of the Crane Brook lies just beyond the western boundary of the site.
6.3.3 Later Ordnance Survey mapping of 1900, 1921 and 1938 (Figures 6 – 8) depict no significant changes to the site layout other than disappearance of the probable footpath to the west of the site. The canal forming the southern boundary of the site is labelled as ‘Birmingham Canal Navigations – Wyrley & Essington Canal’.
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 32 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. Figure 5: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 1882 - 1883
Figure 6: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 1900 ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 33 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. Figure 7: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 1921
Figure 8: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 1938 ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 34 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. 6.3.4 Ordnance Survey mapping of 1976 (Figure 9) is the first depict any quarrying activity on the site in the form of an unlabelled pit lying to the west of the site. The Wryley and Essington Canal is now labelled as ‘disused’. What appear to be overhead power-lines cross the eastern half of the site on a northeast-southwest alignment.
Figure 9: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 1976
6.3.5 Ordnance Survey mapping of 2006 (Figure 10) depicts the apparent enlargement of quarrying activities on the site and the addition of an east-west aligned field boundary to the east of the site.
6.3.6 The modern composite digital image / plan (Figure 11) demonstrates the extant extent of quarrying activity on the site by c. 2014. The proposed eastern extension area is hatched red.
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 35 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. Figure 10: Extract from Ordnance Survey mapping of 2006
Figure 11: Modern Site Plan c. 2014
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 36 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. 7.0 ASSESSMENT OF EVIDENCE
7.1 Known Archaeology
7.1.1 The site contains a single surviving undesignated heritage asset. The surviving undesignated heritage asset (SHER entry 04890 @ SK 0741 0646) is located towards the northern boundary of the proposed extension and comprises a cropmark identified from aerial photography consisting of a three sided enclosure of possible Iron Age or Roman date. SHER entry 52093 has now been removed by permitted quarrying. SHER entry 02221 (@ SK 0795 0680) does not lie within the site but forms the sites southern boundary. This entry comprises part of Wyrley and Essington Extension and Anglesey Branch of the Lichfield Canal, authorised in 1794 and constructed in 1797. The canal largely went out of use in 1954 and much of it has been back-filled.
7.2 Past Impacts within the Site Boundary
7.2.1 Prior to the 19th Century, when detailed mapping becomes available, it is unknown what activities took place on the site. Based on available mapping the site has in agricultural use since at least 1882-83 up until the late 20th Century. No development is shown on the site until 1976 when quarrying activity is depicted to the west of the site. During the 20th and 21st Centuries this quarrying activity has spread steadily eastwards with only the proposed eastern extension remaining unaffected. Previous quarrying activity will have removed any potential features or deposits of archaeological significance within these quarried areas. Archaeological work undertaken immediately to the west of the proposed extension in 2008 and 2012 (see section 5.2 above) has demonstrated relatively shallow topsoil and subsoil deposits (c 0.50m) which appear to have been disturbed by plough- action.
7.2.2 To summarise, it appears that the majority of the site with the exception of the proposed eastern extension has been subject to very high levels of truncation which will have removed any potential features or deposits of archaeological significance in quarried areas. Based on the available mapping the area of the proposed eastern extension has remained undeveloped but may have been subject to low levels of truncation caused by plough-action.
7.3 Assessment of Archaeological Potential
7.3.1 The surviving undesignated heritage asset (SHER entry 04890 @ SK 0741 0646) is located towards the northern boundary of the proposed extension and comprises a cropmark identified from aerial photography consisting of a three sided enclosure of possible Iron Age or Roman date. In the wider area there is demonstrated archaeological activity with a Prehistoric to Post-medieval date range. ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 37 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. 7.1.4 SHER entry 02221 (@ SK 0795 0680) does not lie within the site but forms the sites southern boundary. This entry comprises part of Wyrley and Essington Extension and Anglesey Branch of the Lichfield Canal, authorised in 1794 and constructed in 1797. The canal largely went out of use in 1954 and much of it has been back-filled.
7.3.2 It is not possible to ascribe a level of significance to any archaeological remains until they have been identified and their nature and condition assessed.
8.0 CONCLUDING STATEMENTS 8.1 This report includes a description of the baseline conditions, examines a range of sources on the archaeological resource of the area and identifies any known and potential receptor(s) within the application site or its immediate vicinity.
8.2 This report concludes that there is a single surviving undesignated heritage asset (SHER entry 04890 @ SK 0741 0646) within the site located towards the northern boundary of the proposed eastern extension. SHER entry 02221 (@ SK 0795 0680) does not lie within the site but forms the sites southern boundary.
8.3 Proposed development at the site will in the first instance comprise mineral extraction in the area of the eastern extension. This will be followed by the restoration of the quarry site to grassland/ areas of wildlife enhancement along with a water body in the eastern part of the site. The majority of the site has been subject to high levels of truncation caused by quarrying activity which will have removed any features or deposits of archaeological significance. Only the proposed eastern extension has the potential to contain any buried archaeological remains including the possible Iron Age or Roman enclosure (SHER entry 04890). Any potential direct or indirect impacts upon the Wyrley and Essington Canal (SHER entry 02221) are unclear at this very early stage in the design process.
8.4 Based on the available data the potential for the presence of archaeological remains within the proposed eastern extension is deemed to be medium to medium / high. The potential for archaeological remains in the remainder of the site is deemed to be none.
8.5 Should archaeological remains be present within the proposed eastern extension area the current proposals would impact upon them. Should planning permission be granted it is considered that the disturbance to, or loss of, archaeological remains due to the proposed development could be satisfactorily mitigated through a programme of archaeological work. Further archaeological works and mitigation could be secured through a condition attached to any permission ______
Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 407360 38 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. granted. Recommendations regarding mitigation measures will need to be made by the Archaeological Advisor to Staffordshire County Council.
9.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9.1 The project was managed by Richard Cherrington BA, ACIfA, Principal Archaeologist, Benchmark Archaeology who also undertook the site visit and wrote this report. The work was commissioned by Pleydell Smithyman Ltd. on behalf of WCL Quarries who funded the work. Historic Environment Record data was supplied by Suzy Blake, Historic Environment Record Officer, Staffordshire County Council.
9.2 We are grateful to the teams from Pleydell Smithyman Ltd. and WCL Quarries for their cooperation and assistance during the project.
10.0 REFERENCES
10.1 Bibliographic
Cherrington, R (2008) ‘Cranebrook Quarry Extension, Watling Street, Hammerwich, Lichfield (NGR: SK 407267 306395): An Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Exercise May 2008 (Planning Application L.05/02/802MW)’.
Cherrington, R (forthcoming) ‘Cranebrook Quarry Extension, Watling Street, Hammerwich, Lichfield, WS14 0BD: An Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Exercise 2012 (Planning Ref: L.05/02/802MW)’.
CIfA (2014) ‘Standard and guidance for historic environment desk- based assessment’.
Dept. for Culture, Media and Sport, (1996) ‘The Treasure Act’.
Department for Communities and Local Government (March 2012) ‘National Planning Policy Framework’.
Lichfield District Council (2015) ‘Lichfield District Local Plan Strategy 2008 - 2029 Adopted 17 February 2015’.
Pleydell Smithyman (2014) ‘Screening & Scoping request Proposed Extension to Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street, Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU on behalf of WCL Quarries Ltd. November 2014’.
Staffordshire County Council (2008, Rev. 2011) ‘Methodology For The Refined HLC For Staffordshire’.
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 39 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. Staffordshire County Council and City of Stoke-on-Trent (2013) ‘Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Joint Waste Core Strategy 2010 – 2026, Adopted March 2013’.
Staffordshire County Council (2015) ‘The new Minerals Local Plan for Staffordshire (2015 to 2030) Final Draft – June 2015’.
10.2 Internet sources
www.bgs.ac.uk (accessed 10.08.2015) ‘A world-leading geoscience centre for survey and monitoring; modelling and research; data and knowledge’.
www.landis.org.uk (accessed 10.08.2015) ‘LandIS - Land Information System- A soils-focussed information system for England and Wales’.
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Land at Cranebrook Quarry, A5 Watling Street Muckley Corner, Brownhills, WS14 0BU (NGR: 40 407360 306379): A Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2015. Appendix 1: SHER Entries Location Map Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office: Licence 100046210 Appendix 2: SHER Historic Environment Character Map Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office: Licence 100046210 Appendix 3: SHER Archaeological Events Report Staffordshire County Council Historic Environment Record Event/Activity Full Report 18/06/2015 Number of records: 13
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST1162 A preliminary archaeological assessment of the proposed Event - Interpretation route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. External Reference: Dates: 01/01/2000 - 31/12/2000, Circa Project Details: Event/Activity Types - None recorded Thesaurus Event Types DESK BASED ASSESSMENT Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Staffordshire County Council
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Grid Reference Centred SK 04624 02970 (23113m by 13459m) SK00SW Dispersed Administrative Areas County Staffordshire District Cannock Chase District District Lichfield District District South Staffordshire District Parish Burntwood, Lichfield District Parish Cannock, Cannock Chase District Parish Cheslyn Hay, South Staffordshire District Parish Drayton Bassett, Lichfield District Parish Essington, South Staffordshire District Parish Great Wyrley, South Staffordshire District Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Parish Hatherton, South Staffordshire District Parish Hints, Lichfield District Parish Lichfield, Lichfield District Parish Norton Canes, Cannock Chase District Parish Saredon, South Staffordshire District Parish Shareshill, South Staffordshire District Parish Shenstone, Lichfield District Parish Swinfen and Packington, Lichfield District Parish Wall, Lichfield District Parish Weeford, Lichfield District Address - None recorded
Description and Sources Description A preliminary archaeological assessment of the archaeological implications of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road (M6 Saredon to Littleworth End). <1> Sources EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 1 Event ID: EST1162 Name: A preliminary archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the
(1) Desk Based Assessment Report: Staffordshire County Council (Bob Meeson?). Circa 1991. The Archaeological Implications of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. Associated Monuments 00031 Forts, Wall / Letocetum (Monument 00031) 00032 Fort, Wall / Letocetum (Monument 00032) 00033 Bath House and Mansio, Wall / Letocetum (Monument 00033) 00034 Cremation Cemetery, Watling Street, Wall (Monument 00034) 00813 Linear Feature, Watling Street, Wall. (Monument 00813) 01081 Wedge's Mill Bridge, Cannock (Monument 01081) 01082 Burnt Mound, Boulton Farm, Saredon (Monument 01082) 01083 Black Lees Moated Site, Saredon (Monument 01083) 01084 Moated Site, Great Wyrley (Monument 01084) 01086 Church Bridge, Cannock (Monument 01086) 01087 Moated Site, Norton Canes (Monument 01087) 01088 Moated Site, Laburnum Farm, Norton Canes (Monument 01088) 01089 Flint Knife, Chasetown (Find Spot 01089) 01090 Church of St John the Baptist, Hammerwich (Building 01090) 01091 Flint Findspot, Hammerwich (Find Spot 01091) 01093 Offlow Bowl Barrow (Monument 01093) 01098 Farmstead Enclosure, Shenstone (Monument 01098) 01099 Cropmark Features, Shenstone (Monument 01099) 01100 Romano-British Farmstead, Shenstone (Monument 01100) 01102 Enclosure, Whitehouse Farm, Swinfen (Monument 01102) 01110 Weeford Flour Mill (Monument 01110) 01111 Canwell Priory, Canwell (Monument 01111) 01112 Saint Modwen's Well, Canwell Hall (Monument 01112) 01140 Watling Street Roman Road (Monument 01140) 01170 Stour Bridge, Kinver (Monument 01170) 01260 Hatherton Canal Junction (Monument 01260) 01261 Canal Aqueduct, Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal, near Hatherton Junction (Monument 01261) 01705 Toll House, Ipstones (Building 01705) 01726 Roman Buildings, Watling Street, Wall (Monument 01726) 01812 Tile Works, Great Saredon (Monument 01812) 01813 Possible Barrow, East of Great Saredon (Monument 01813) 01840 Hearth / Burnt Mound, Edward's Wood, Teddesley Hay (Monument 01840) 01890 Pottery Finds, Shenstone (Find Spot 01890) 01938 Common Bridge Pottery Kiln, Norton Canes (Find Spot 01938) 02063 Pit Alignment, North of Watling Street, Weeford (Monument 02063) 02064 Pit Alignment, East of Flats Lane, Weeford (Monument 02064) 02065 Enclosure, Watling Street, Weeford (Monument 02065) 02069 Marching Camp or Cemetery, East of Moat Bank House, Wall (Monument 02069) 02070 Cropmarks, West of Wall (Monument 02070) 02072 Flint Axe, Wall (Find Spot 02072) 02076 Hand Axe Findspot, Shenstone (Find Spot 02076) 02079 Palstave Findspot, Wall (Find Spot 02079) 02083 Thickbroome Deserted Settlement (Place 02083) 02085 Slitting Mill, Bourne House, Weeford (Monument 02085) 02088 Stychbrook Deserted Settlement (Place 02088) 02210 Cannock (Hatherton) Branch, Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal (Monument 02210) EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 2 Event ID: EST1162 Name: A preliminary archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the
02221 Lichfield Canal - Wyrley and Essington Extension and Anglesey Branch (Monument 02221) 02225 Cannock Extension of the Wyrley and Essington Canal (Monument 02225) 02470 Hammerwich / Humeruuich (Settlement) (Place 02470) 02483 Hilton / Iltone (Settlement) (Place 02483) 02525 Norton Canes / Norton (Placename) (Place 02525) 02559 Great Saredon / Saredone (Settlement) (Place 02559) 02560 Little Saredon (Settlement) (Place 02560) 02593 Weeford / Weforde (Settlement) (Place 02593) 02617 Canwell / Stichesleia / Sticeleia (Deserted Settlement) (Monument 02617) 02676 Flint Axe Findspot, Hammerwich (Find Spot 02676) 02710 Saredon Mill (Monument 02710) 02713 Moated Site, Little Saredon Manor, Little Saredon (Monument 02713) 03118 Weeford Hall Moated Site, Weeford (Monument 03118) 03148 Dew Pond, Anglesey Sidings (Monument 03148) 03166 Swan Farm, Norton Canes (Monument 03166) 03170 The Yew Tree, Norton Canes (Monument 03170) 03623 Woodland View Farm Enclosure (Monument 03623) 03624 Canwell Hall Icehouse (Monument 03624) 03664 Icehouse, Manley Hall, Weeford (Monument 03664) 03687 Whitnail Mill / Blades Mill / Wedges Mill, Cannock (Monument 03687) 03790 Fortification, Chesterfield (Monument 03790) 03938 Coin Findspot, Shenstone (Find Spot 03938) 03939 Coins and Fibula Findspot, North of Watling Street (Find Spot 03939) 03940 Roman Coins and Fibula Findspot, Shenstone (Find Spot 03940) 03941 Fibula, A5, Shenstone (Find Spot 03941) 03942 Artefacts, Shenstone (Find Spot 03942) 03943 Coins, Shenstone (Find Spot 03943) 03944 Artefacts, Pinglefield Cottages, Shenstone (Find Spot 03944) 03946 Building, Wall (Monument 03946) 03947 Coins and Fibula Findspot, South-East of Wall (Find Spot 03947) 03948 Coins, Fibula and Tweezers Findspot, East-South-East of Wall (Find Spot 03948) 03949 Coins and Fibula, East-South-East of Wall (Find Spot 03949) 03950 Coins and Fibula Findspot, East-South-East of Wall (Find Spot 03950) 03997 Brooches, Wall (Find Spot 03997) 04014 Linear Feature and Enclosure, Norton Canes (Monument 04014) 04085 Earthworks, Canwell (Monument 04085) 04284 Weeford Park Deer Park (Monument 04284) 04298 Common Bridge Pottery Kiln (Find Spot 04298) 53570 Ridings Bridge, Cannock (Monument 53570)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 3 Event ID: EST1177 Name: An aerial photographic assessment of the route of the Birmingham Northern
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST1177 An aerial photographic assessment of the route of the Event - Interpretation Birmingham Northern Relief Road. External Reference: Dates: 01/07/2000 - 31/08/2000, between Project Details: Event/Activity Types AP interpretation Documentary research Thesaurus Event Types AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION DESK BASED ASSESSMENT Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Air Photo Services Limited
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Grid Reference Centred SK 06842 06007 (12758m by 3979m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas County Staffordshire County West Midlands Parish Burntwood, Lichfield District Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Parish Norton Canes, Cannock Chase District Parish Saredon, South Staffordshire District Parish Shenstone, Lichfield District Parish Swinfen and Packington, Lichfield District Parish Wall, Lichfield District Parish Weeford, Lichfield District Address - None recorded
Description and Sources Description An aerial photographic assessment of the route corridor of the proposed new Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (Areas covered by aerial photographs numbers 1 - 25 (AP01 = EST2449) (inclusive) are within Staffordshire, areas covered by aerial photographs 26 - 33 inclusive, are in the West Midlands). Split to separate events (e.g. see EST2449). Sources (1) Desk Based Assessment Report: Chris Cox (Air Photo Services Limited). 2000. Birmingham Northern Relief Road Aerial Photographic Assessment: Archaeology - Rectified Mapping. Associated Monuments 00032 Fort, Wall / Letocetum (Monument 00032) 00033 Bath House and Mansio, Wall / Letocetum (Monument 00033) 00034 Cremation Cemetery, Watling Street, Wall (Monument 00034) 00813 Linear Feature, Watling Street, Wall. (Monument 00813) 01087 Moated Site, Norton Canes (Monument 01087) EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 4 Event ID: EST1177 Name: An aerial photographic assessment of the route of the Birmingham Northern
01088 Moated Site, Laburnum Farm, Norton Canes (Monument 01088) 01098 Farmstead Enclosure, Shenstone (Monument 01098) 01100 Romano-British Farmstead, Shenstone (Monument 01100) 01140 Watling Street Roman Road (Monument 01140) 01726 Roman Buildings, Watling Street, Wall (Monument 01726) 02069 Marching Camp or Cemetery, East of Moat Bank House, Wall (Monument 02069) 03946 Building, Wall (Monument 03946) 04014 Linear Feature and Enclosure, Norton Canes (Monument 04014) 04523 Cropmark Complex, South of Edingale (Monument 04523) 04525 Moated Site and Enclosure, Bramshall (Monument 04525) 04855 Cropmark Features, Norton Hall Farm (Monument 04855) 04856 Trackway, West of Pool Road, Brownhills (Monument 04856) 04857 Enclosure, East of Pool Road, Brownhills (Monument 04857) 04859 Cropmark Enclosure and Linear Feature, Wall Lane (Monument 04859) 04861 Possible Moat, Wall Lane Farm (Monument 04861) 04863 Trackway, Wall (Monument 04863) 04867 Linear Feature, Wall (Monument 04867) 04871 Ring Ditch, Shenstone (Monument 04871) 04872 Henge / Ring Ditch, Shenstone (Monument 04872) 04873 Enclosure, Shenstone (Monument 04873) 04874 Cropmarks, Shenstone (Monument 04874) 04875 Linear Feature, Shenstone (Monument 04875) 04877 Enclosure, Weeford (Monument 04877) 04885 Roman Road, The Butts, Wall (Monument 04885) 04888 Cropmark Enclosures, Wall Lane, Wall (Monument 04888) 04891 Cropmark Feature, Wall (Monument 04891) 04901 Old Field Boundaries, New Town, Hammerwich (Monument 04901) 04902 Field Boundaries, Shenstone (Monument 04902) 04903 Trackway, Shenstone (Monument 04903) 04904 Field Boundaries, Shenstone (Monument 04904) 04905 Ring Ditch, Shenstone (Monument 04905) 04907 Linear Cropmarks, North of Weeford (Monument 04907)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 5 Event ID: EST1182 Name: An archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST1182 An archaeological assessment of the proposed route of Event - Interpretation the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. External Reference: Dates: 01/05/1992 - 31/03/1993, between Project Details: Event/Activity Types - None recorded Thesaurus Event Types DESK BASED ASSESSMENT FIELD SURVEY Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Oxford Archaeology
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Grid Reference Centred SK 0517 0254 (23548m by 13260m) SK00SE Dispersed Administrative Areas County Staffordshire County West Midlands Address - None recorded
Description and Sources Description An archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (Further assessment work was carried out in 2000 to supplement this assessment - see Source ST3979/Event ST1183). Sources Desk Based Assessment Report: G. Lambrick (Oxford Archaeological Unit). 1994. Birmingham Northern Relief Road: Deposit Document 34A for the Public Inquiries 1994. Associated Monuments 02083 Thickbroome Deserted Settlement (Place 02083) 04887 Parallel Ditches, Wall (Monument 04887) 04892 Flint Scatter, Weeford (Find Spot 04892) 04893 Flint Scatter, Weeford Park (Find Spot 04893)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 6 Event ID: EST1183 Name: Further archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST1183 Further archaeological assessment of the proposed route Event - Interpretation of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. External Reference: Dates: 01/01/2000 - 31/01/2000, Circa Project Details: Event/Activity Types - None recorded Thesaurus Event Types DESK BASED ASSESSMENT FIELD SURVEY Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Oxford Archaeology
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Grid Reference Centred SK 0517 0254 (23548m by 13260m) SK00SE Dispersed Administrative Areas County Staffordshire County West Midlands Parish Burntwood, Lichfield District Parish Cannock, Cannock Chase District Parish Cheslyn Hay, South Staffordshire District Parish Drayton Bassett, Lichfield District Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Parish Hatherton, South Staffordshire District Parish Hints, Lichfield District Parish Lichfield, Lichfield District Parish Norton Canes, Cannock Chase District Parish Saredon, South Staffordshire District Parish Shareshill, South Staffordshire District Parish Swinfen and Packington, Lichfield District Parish Wall, Lichfield District Parish Weeford, Lichfield District Address - None recorded
Description and Sources Description Further archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road to update an earlier assessment carried out in 1994 (see Source ST3978/Event 1182). Sources (1) Desk Based Assessment Report: (Oxford Archaeological Unit). 2000. Birmingham Northern Relief Road: Archaeological Addendum to 1994 Archaeological Desktop. Associated Monuments - None recorded
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 7 Event ID: EST1183 Name: Further archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 8 Event ID: EST1185 Name: An assessment of the program of archaeological work carried out on the M6
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST1185 An assessment of the program of archaeological work Event - Intervention carried out on the M6 Toll Road. External Reference: Dates: 01/12/2000 - 30/11/2001, between Project Details: Event/Activity Types AP interpretation Archaeological excavation Documentary research Environmental sampling Evaluation/trial excavation Field walking Geophysical survey Post-excavation analysis Watching brief Thesaurus Event Types AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION DESK BASED ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING EVALUATION EXCAVATION GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY SYSTEMATIC FIELDWALKING SURVEY WATCHING BRIEF Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Oxford Wessex Archaeology
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location M6 Toll Road Corridor, Staffordshire/West Midlands Grid Reference Centred SK 07256 03374 (13691m by 8861m) SK00SE Dispersed Administrative Areas County Staffordshire County West Midlands Parish Burntwood, Lichfield District Parish Cannock, Cannock Chase District Parish Cheslyn Hay, South Staffordshire District Parish Great Wyrley, South Staffordshire District Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Parish Norton Canes, Cannock Chase District Parish Saredon, South Staffordshire District Parish Shenstone, Lichfield District Parish Wall, Lichfield District Parish Weeford, Lichfield District
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 9 Event ID: EST1185 Name: An assessment of the program of archaeological work carried out on the M6
Address M6 Toll Road Corridor, Staffordshire/West Midlands Description and Sources Description A program of archaeological works associated with the construction of the M6 Toll motorway in Staffordshire/West Midlands. (Sites 1 (EST2450), 2 (EST2451), 3 (EST2452), Site 4 (EST2543), to 17, 26 (EST2448), 27, 31 to 34, 36 and 41 are in Staffordshire, while 18 to 25, 28 to 30, 35, and 37 to 40 are in the West Midlands). <1> Split to separate events (e.g. EST2448) Sources (1) Other Report: Oxford Wessex Archaeology. 2003. M6 Toll 2000-2002: Proposals for Archaeological Post-Excavation Analysis and Publication of Results. Associated Monuments 00813 Linear Feature, Watling Street, Wall. (Monument 00813) 01086 Church Bridge, Cannock (Monument 01086) 01098 Farmstead Enclosure, Shenstone (Monument 01098) 01100 Romano-British Farmstead, Shenstone (Monument 01100) 01140 Watling Street Roman Road (Monument 01140) 01144 Ryknild Street Roman Road (Monument 01144) 01890 Pottery Finds, Shenstone (Find Spot 01890) 02076 Hand Axe Findspot, Shenstone (Find Spot 02076) 02077 Polished Stone Axe, Stockings Lane, Shenstone (Find Spot 02077) 02079 Palstave Findspot, Wall (Find Spot 02079) 02083 Thickbroome Deserted Settlement (Place 02083) 02210 Cannock (Hatherton) Branch, Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal (Monument 02210) 02221 Lichfield Canal - Wyrley and Essington Extension and Anglesey Branch (Monument 02221) 02225 Cannock Extension of the Wyrley and Essington Canal (Monument 02225) 03166 Swan Farm, Norton Canes (Monument 03166) 03663 Milepost, Near Weeford Lodge, Weeford (Monument 03663) 03938 Coin Findspot, Shenstone (Find Spot 03938) 03939 Coins and Fibula Findspot, North of Watling Street (Find Spot 03939) 03942 Artefacts, Shenstone (Find Spot 03942) 03943 Coins, Shenstone (Find Spot 03943) 03944 Artefacts, Pinglefield Cottages, Shenstone (Find Spot 03944) 03947 Coins and Fibula Findspot, South-East of Wall (Find Spot 03947) 03949 Coins and Fibula, East-South-East of Wall (Find Spot 03949) 03950 Coins and Fibula Findspot, East-South-East of Wall (Find Spot 03950) 04535 Ditched Enclosure, Laney Green (Monument 04535) 04536 Former Field System, Saredon (Monument 04536) 04538 Church Field, Saredon (Monument 04538) 04539 Cropmark Enclosure, Near Saredon Hall Farm (Monument 04539) 04868 Roman Road, Wall (Monument 04868) 04872 Henge / Ring Ditch, Shenstone (Monument 04872) 04873 Enclosure, Shenstone (Monument 04873) 04874 Cropmarks, Shenstone (Monument 04874) 04875 Linear Feature, Shenstone (Monument 04875) 04878 Pottery Scatter, Wall (Find Spot 04878) 04880 Building, Wall (Monument 04880) 04881 Coins and Fibula, Wall (Find Spot 04881)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 10 Event ID: EST1185 Name: An assessment of the program of archaeological work carried out on the M6
04886 Trackway, Wall (Monument 04886) 04888 Cropmark Enclosures, Wall Lane, Wall (Monument 04888) 04889 Cremation Cemetery, Watling Street, Wall (Monument 04889) 04891 Cropmark Feature, Wall (Monument 04891) 04894 Finds Scatter, Wall (Find Spot 04894) 04895 Linear Feature, Wall (Monument 04895) 04902 Field Boundaries, Shenstone (Monument 04902) 04903 Trackway, Shenstone (Monument 04903) 04905 Ring Ditch, Shenstone (Monument 04905) 04906 Gilpin's Canal Basin and Wharf, Hatherton Branch Canal (Monument 04906) 04907 Linear Cropmarks, North of Weeford (Monument 04907) 04908 Walk Mill, Churchbridge (Monument 04908) 04909 Railway Bridge and Accommodation Bridge, Gilpins Basin (Monument 04909) 05025 Finds Scatter, Shenstone (Find Spot 05025) 05350 Finds Scatter, Shenstone (Find Spot 05350) 05423 Settlement Site, Near Laney Green, Saredon (Monument 05423) 05425 Possible Open Settlement, Little Saredon (Monument 05425) 20486 Cannock Old Coppice colliery, Cheslyn Hay (Monument 20486) 50189 Churchbridge Locks, Cannock Extension of the Wyrley and Essington Canal (Monument 50189)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 11 Event ID: EST1544 Name: Survey of a barn at Hammerwich Place Farm, Hammerwich.
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST1544 Survey of a barn at Hammerwich Place Farm, Event - Survey Hammerwich. External Reference: Dates: 29/08/1985 - 29/08/1985 Project Details: Event/Activity Types Site Visit Thesaurus Event Types FIELD VISIT Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Hammerwich Place Farm Grid Reference Centred SK 0745 0702 (18m by 20m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Address Hammerwich Place Farm, Hammerwich, Staffordshire Description and Sources Description A survey of a barn at Hammerwich Place Farm, Hammerwich as part of the SPAB Domesday Survey of Barns. Sources (1) Survey Archive: Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. 1985. Domesday Survey of Barns for Staffordshire - Survey Sheets. Associated Monuments 51089 Barn, Hammerwich Place Farm, Hammerwich (Building 51089)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 12 Event ID: EST1831 Name: An archaeological strip, map and record exercise at Cranebrook Quarry,
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST1831 An archaeological strip, map and record exercise at Event - Intervention Cranebrook Quarry, Hammerwich. External Reference: Dates: 23/01/2008 - 28/01/2008, between Project Details: Event/Activity Types Archaeological excavation/part Thesaurus Event Types EXCAVATION Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Benchmark Archaeology
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Grid Reference Centred SK 0721 0640 (109m by 143m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Address - None recorded
Description and Sources Description Archaeological strip, map and record programme on the proposed site of the extension to Cranebrook Quarry, Hammerwich. A former field boundary of post-medieval date was recorded during the strip, map and record. <1> Sources (1) Excavation Report: Richard Cherrington (Benchmark Archaeology). 2008. Cranebrook Quarry Extension, Watling Street, Hammerwich, Lichfield: An Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Exercise. Associated Monuments 52093 Field Boundary, West of Muckley Corner, Hammerwich (Monument 52093)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 13 Event ID: EST2423 Name: A geoforensic search of part of the field from which the Staffordshire Hoard
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST2423 A geoforensic search of part of the field from which the Event - Survey Staffordshire Hoard was recovered. External Reference: Dates: 14/09/2009 - 15/09/2009 Project Details: Event/Activity Types - None recorded Thesaurus Event Types FIELD VISIT GEOTECHNICAL TEST PIT MAGNETOMETRY SURVEY Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Halcrow Group Limited (Cheshire)
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Grid Reference Centred SK 0639 0639 (419m by 206m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Address - None recorded
Description and Sources Description A Geoforensic search to of part of the field from which the Staffordshire Hoard was recovered was undertaken in September 2009 by Halcrow Group Limited with the Staffordshire Police and the Home Office Scientific Development Branch. The purpose of the survey, undertaken using a gradient magnetometer and a compact detector, was to identify and recover any remaining hoard-associated objects from the immediate vicinity of the hoard field. Numerous metal objects relating to past and recent farming activity were identified during the survey and only two brass objects of possible archaeological significance recovered. Sources (1) Scientific/Specialist Report: Dr Laurance J. Donelly (Halcrow Group Limited). 2009. Staffordshire (Anglo Saxon) Hoard Geoforensic Search December 2009 (Staffordshire Hoard). Associated Monuments - None recorded
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 14 Event ID: EST2221 Name: An archaeological watching brief during test pitting on the A5 at Muckley
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST2221 An archaeological watching brief during test pitting on the Event - Intervention A5 at Muckley Corner, Hammerwich. External Reference: 110389.01 Dates: 17/01/2011 - 17/01/2011 Project Details: Event/Activity Types Watching brief Thesaurus Event Types WATCHING BRIEF Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: RSK Environment Ltd
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Grid Reference Centred SK 0797 0650 (187m by 19m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Address - None recorded
Description and Sources Description An Archaeological watching brief was undertaken during the excavation of test pits associated with road widening works on the A5 at Muckley Corner in January 2011. The watching brief concluded that all further excavation works for the road widening scheme would be contained entirely within made ground. Sources (1) Watching Brief Report: RSK Environment Ltd. 2011. A5 Muckley Corner Improvements: Report on Archaeological Watching Brief on Test Pit Investigation. Associated Monuments 01140 Watling Street Roman Road (Monument 01140)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 15 Event ID: EST2424 Name: The archaeological excavation and recovery of the Staffordshire Hoard
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST2424 The archaeological excavation and recovery of the Event - Intervention Staffordshire Hoard (Phase 1 - July to August 2009) External Reference: Project No. BA 1971 Dates: 05/07/2009 - 21/07/2009, between Project Details: Event/Activity Types - None recorded Thesaurus Event Types ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING MAGNETOMETRY SURVEY METAL DETECTING SURVEY METAL DETECTING USE OPEN AREA EXCAVATION TEST PIT Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Birmingham Archaeology
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Grid Reference Centred SK 0639 0639 (419m by 206m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Address - None recorded
Description and Sources Description The archaeological excavation and recovery of the Staffordshire Hoard was undertaken between early July and late August 2009 by the original finder, Staffordshire County Council, Birmingham Archaeology and the Portable Antiquities Scheme. The excavation and recovery included the original metal detecting activity by the finder, geophysical survey, test-pitting, archaeological excavation (including sampling and seiving), more systematic metal detecting survey, Sources (1) Excavation Report: Birmingham Archaeology and Vista. 2010. Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Recovery (Phase 1 - July to August 2009) - Report. (2) Photographic: Birmingham Archaeology and Vista. 2009. Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Recovery (Phase 1 - July to August 2009) - Photographs. (3) Digital Archive: Birmingham Archaeology and Vista. 2009. Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Recovery (Phase 1 - July to August 2009) - GIS Data. Associated Monuments 56738 The Staffordshire Hoard, Hammerwich (Find Spot 56738) 57456 Field Boundary and Possible Palisade Trenches, Hammerwich (Monument 57456)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 16 Event ID: EST2425 Name: An archaeological evaluation on the site of the Staffordshire Hoard (Phase
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST2425 An archaeological evaluation on the site of the Event - Intervention Staffordshire Hoard (Phase 2 - March 2010). External Reference: Project No. BA 1971 Dates: 01/03/2010 - 31/03/2010, between Project Details: Event/Activity Types - None recorded Thesaurus Event Types EARTH RESISTANCE (RESISTIVITY) SURVEY METAL DETECTING USE TEST PIT TRIAL TRENCH Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Birmingham Archaeology
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Grid Reference Centred SK 0639 0639 (419m by 206m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Address - None recorded
Description and Sources Description An archaeological evaluation of the site of the Staffordshire Hoard find following its initial excavation and recovery in July-August 2009. The evaluation comprising of further geophysical (resistivity) survey, trial trenching and test pitting. The evaluation revealed a number of undated features including possible palisade trenches and field boundaries, none of which could be associated with the Staffordshire Hoard. A curvilinear feature identified in previous investigation in 2009 was determined to be of geological origin along with other anomalies identified by resistivity. No gold or silver objects were recovered, with the only datable find being a sherd of medieval pottery from a field boundary. Sources Photographic: Birmingham Archaeology and Vista. 2010. The Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Evaluation 2010 - (Phase 2 - March 2010) - Photographs. (1) Evaluation Report: Bob Burrows and Alex Jones (Birmingham Archaeology). 2010. The Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Evaluation 2010 - (Phase 2 - March 2010) - Report. Associated Monuments 56738 The Staffordshire Hoard, Hammerwich (Find Spot 56738) 57456 Field Boundary and Possible Palisade Trenches, Hammerwich (Monument 57456)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 17 Event ID: EST2378 Name: A metal detecting and field walking survey at Semi-Bungalow Farm,
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST2378 A metal detecting and field walking survey at Semi- Event - Survey Bungalow Farm, Barracks Lane, Hammerwich, Staffordshire in 2012 (Staffordshire Hoard). External Reference: Report No. 1313 Dates: 01/11/2012 - 30/01/2012, between Project Details: Event/Activity Types - None recorded Thesaurus Event Types METAL DETECTING SURVEY SYSTEMATIC FIELDWALKING SURVEY Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Archaeology Warwickshire
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Grid Reference Centred SK 0639 0639 (419m by 206m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Address - None recorded
Description and Sources Description A metal detector and field walking survey of the field from which the Staffordshire Hoard was recovered in 2009. The survey was undertaken in November 2012 and over 1000 individual items of metal were recovered, 86 of which were declared Treasure by the Staffordshire Coroner. Sources (1) Survey Report: Stuart Palmer (Archaeology Warwickshire). 2013. Further Archaeological Survey at Semi-Bungalow Farm, Barracks Lane, Hammerwich, 2012 (Staffordshire Hoard). Associated Monuments 56738 The Staffordshire Hoard, Hammerwich (Find Spot 56738)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 18 Event ID: EST2477 Name: An archaeological excavation to the west of Crane Brook Cottage,
Event ID Event Name Event Type EST2477 An archaeological excavation to the west of Crane Brook Event - Intervention Cottage, Hammerwich (M6 Toll Site 34) External Reference: Site 34 Dates: 01/01/2001 - 31/12/2003, at some time Project Details: Event/Activity Types - None recorded Thesaurus Event Types ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING EXCAVATION Post Excavation Analysis (Environmental) Post Excavation Analysis (Finds) WATCHING BRIEF Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Oxford Wessex Archaeology
Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded
Location Grid Reference Centred SK 0689 0625 (208m by 197m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Address - None recorded
Description and Sources Description An archaeological excavation and targeted watching brief on land west of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich was undertaken in advance of works associated with the construction of the M6 Toll road. The excavations, which took place at some time between 2001 and 2003, revealed a single Iron Age feature, followed by the occupation of part of the site by a Romano-British field system before a large aisled building and well were constructed on the site, along with an urned cremation burial. Post-medieval field boundaries and evidence for former minor railway probably relating to the inter-war use of a nearby sand quarry. Sources (1) Bibliographic reference: Oxford Wessex Archaeology (Andrew B Powell, Paul Booth, A P Fitzpatrick and A D Crockett. 2008. The Archaeology of the M6 Toll 2000-2003: Oxford Wessex Monograph No. 2. Pages 62 - 68 Associated Monuments 58251 Site of Roman Aisled Building and other Features, West of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich (Monument 58251) 58320 Iron Age Deposit, West of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich (Monument 58320)
EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 19 Appendix 4: SHER Archaeological Monuments Report Staffordshire CC HER Monument Full Report 25/08/2015 Number of records: 40
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 01090 - MST1088 Church of St John the Baptist, Hammerwich Building A listed parish church built between 1873 and 1883 by Newman and Billing. The church is in the Early English style and is of coursed sandstone, with a west steeple, nave, apse and north aisle. It is thought to have been built on the site of an earlier church.
Monument Types and Dates CHURCH (MEDIEVAL - 1300 AD to 1399 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE CHURCH (Victorian - 1873 AD to 1883 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING GRAVESTONE (Post-1914 - 1943 AD) Evidence EXTANT STRUCTURE Main Building PORTLAND STONE Material GRAVESTONE (Post-1914 - 1944 AD) Evidence EXTANT STRUCTURE Main Building PORTLAND STONE Material
Description and Sources Description CHURCH. CHURCH BUILT 1872 ON SITE OF MEDIEVAL CHURCH.
CHURCH. POST MEDIEVAL CHURCH (1892) NOW BUILT ON THE SITE OF A MEDIEVAL CHURCH. A SKETCH ON THE WEST WALL OF THE CHURCH (DATE OBLITERATED) SHOWS THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH FROM THE SE. THE CHURCH CONSISTED OF NAVE WITH WOODEN BELL TOWER, SOUTH AISLE, WITH SOUTH PORCH, PROBABLY C16-C17 ADDITIONS AND N CHAPEL. <1>
Gravestone of B. Shaw in churchyard. At the top is a military crest, underneath the incised text "1246398 SERGEANT / B. SHAW / PILOT / ROYAL AIR FORCE / 27TH JANUARY 1943 AGED 23", below is a cross and at the bottom: "WHEN THE GREAT CALL COMES / THE SUNSET GLEAMS. / WE'LL WALK BESIDE HIM / TO THE LAND OF DREAMS". (JT, 13- March-2013) <2>
Gravestone of A.F. Street in the churchyard. Incised below the military crest is; "2739424 GUARDSMAN / A.F. STREET / WELSH GUARDS / 30TH JUNE 1944 AGE 18" (JT, 13-March-2013) <3> Sources (1) Desk Based Assessment Report: Staffordshire County Council (Bob Meeson?). Circa 1991. The Archaeological Implications of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (2) Written: Various (See description field below for details). 2011 ongoing. Staffordshire Historic Environment Record - War Memorial Recording Form. Hammerwich - 1 (3) Written: Various (See description field below for details). 2011 ongoing. Staffordshire Historic Environment Record - War Memorial Recording Form. Hammerwich - 1
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0704 0733 (132m by 115m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 1 PRN Number 01090 - MST1088 Site Name Church of St John the Baptist, Hammerwich
Listed Building (II) - 1908/05/035 Church of St John the Baptist Active DST4977
Other Statuses and Cross-References Ordnance Survey Card number - SK 00 NE - 2 Active Former Primary Record Number - 09569 Active Primary Record Number - 01090 Active Ecclesiatical Use Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities EST1162 A preliminary archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (Event - Interpretation) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 2 PRN Number 01140 - MST1138 Site Name Watling Street Roman Road
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 01140 - MST1138 Watling Street Roman Road Monument The course of Watling Street roman road, which is mostly followed by the modern A5 trunk road.
Monument Types and Dates ROAD (ROMAN - 43 AD to 409 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
Description and Sources Description Road: The Roman road of Watling Street passes through the districts of Lichfield, Cannock, South Staffordshire and Tamworth. Aerial photography shows the general panorama of the route. <1> <2>
Roman Road. Section cut through the road by J. Gould in 1963-1964. <3>
An archaeological watching brief was carried out at Bonehill Mill in Fazeley, Tamworth during the construction of a new boundary wall as the course of the Roman road ran through the site. No trace of Roman activity was uncovered during the work. (LH, 26-Jun-2007) <4> Sources (1) Aerial Photograph: National Monument Record. 1970s-1980s. National Monument Record Aerial Photograph Collection. SJ 8710/4 & SJ 8710/5 (W.A. Baker 1959) (2) Aerial Photograph: National Monument Record. 1970s-1980s. National Monument Record Aerial Photograph Collection. SJ 8310/1 (W.A. Baker, 1967) (3) Serial: Lichfield and South Staffordshire Archaeological and Historical Society. 1966. Lichfield and South Staffordshire Archaeological and Historical Society Transactions 1964-1965 (Volume VI). 'Excavations in Advance of Road Construction at Shenstone and Wall' by J. Gould (pages 2-19) (4) Watching Brief Report: Jonathan Goodwin (Stoke-on-Trent Archaeology). 2005. Archaeological Watching Brief at Bonehill Mill, Fazeley, Tamworth, Staffordshire. (5) Drawn: Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England. ?. Plan of the cropmarks at Pennocrucium Roman settlement and surrounding area. (6) Drawn: D. Oldfield. 1981. Plan of the cropmarks at Pennocrucium Roman Settlement and the surrounding area..
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0172 0569 (46663m by 10446m) SK00NW Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Blymhill and Weston under Lizard, South Staffordshire District Parish Brewood, South Staffordshire District Parish Bridgtown, Cannock Chase District Parish Burntwood, Lichfield District Parish Cannock, Cannock Chase District Parish Fazeley, Lichfield District Parish Great Wyrley, South Staffordshire District Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Parish Hatherton, South Staffordshire District Parish Hints, Lichfield District Parish Lapley Stretton And Wheaton Aston, South Staffordshire District Parish Norton Canes, Cannock Chase District Parish Penkridge, South Staffordshire District Parish Shenstone, Lichfield District Parish Tamworth, Tamworth Borough zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 3 PRN Number 01140 - MST1138 Site Name Watling Street Roman Road
Parish Wall, Lichfield District Parish Weeford, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations Conservation Area - 073 Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal Active DST5721
Other Statuses and Cross-References Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00379057 Active Former Parish Reference - Stretton, South Staffordshire Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00256669 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00322030 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00349316 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00358016 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00363401 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00370058 Active Primary Record Number - 01140 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00372538 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00521071 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00387457 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00393299 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00404294 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00426078 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00426802 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00439967 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00450694 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00465105 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00501469 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00512851 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00370718 Active Former Primary Record Number - 05152 / 05153 / 05154 Revoked Former Primary Record Number - 05150 (MST4694) / 05151 Revoked Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments 58285 Road Surface, Watling Street, Hammerwich Geographical
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities EST165 An archaeological excavation in advance of road construction at Shenstone and Wall. (Event - Intervention) EST832 A desk based study of the town of Cannock, Staffordshire. (Event - Interpretation) EST871 An evaluation of the industrial landscape of Fazeley, Staffordshire (Event - Interpretation. Ref: Report No. 93) EST1019 An archaeological evaluation at Shenstone Hall Farm, Shenstone, Staffordshire. (Event - Intervention) EST1170 An archaeological field survey of the M6 corridor between junctions 11 and 16 in Staffordshire. (Event - Survey. Ref: Report Number 6588.03) EST2086 Field walking on land off the A5 east of Wall, 1997-2000. (Event - Intervention) EST1138 An archaeological evaluation at The Trooper, Wall, Staffordshire. (Event - Intervention) zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 4 PRN Number 01140 - MST1138 Site Name Watling Street Roman Road
EST1162 A preliminary archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (Event - Interpretation) EST1177 An aerial photographic assessment of the route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (Event - Interpretation) EST618 An archaeological watching brief at The Trooper Inn, Wall, Staffordshire. (Event - Intervention) EST1293 An environmental impact assessment of the proposed A5 Weeford to Fazeley road improvement scheme. (Event - Survey) EST1185 An assessment of the program of archaeological work carried out on the M6 Toll Road. (Event - Intervention) EST1145 An archaeological evaluation at Weeford Island North, Weeford, Staffordshire. (Event - Intervention) EST2453 An archaeological watching brief and survey on the route of the M6 Toll - Site 04 - Churchbridge (Event - Intervention) EST729 Archaeological trial trenching along the A5 between Weeford and Fazeley, Staffordshire. (Event - Intervention) EST1637 An archaeological watching brief at Bonehill Mill, Fazeley, Tamworth. (Event - Intervention. Ref: Report No. 158) EST2221 An archaeological watching brief during test pitting on the A5 at Muckley Corner, Hammerwich. (Event - Intervention. Ref: 110389.01) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 5 PRN Number 01668 - MST1660 Site Name Timber-Framed Barn, Hammerwich Hall Farm, Hall Lane, Hammerwich PRN Number Site Name Record Type 01668 - MST1660 Timber-Framed Barn, Hammerwich Hall Farm, Hall Building Lane, Hammerwich A post-medieval timber-framed barn of cruck construction. The barn has been partly re-built and extended in brick.
Monument Types and Dates CRUCK (POST MEDIEVAL to Georgian - 1500 AD? to 1799 AD?) TIMBER FRAMED BARN (Built, (between) POST MEDIEVAL to Georgian - 1500 AD? to 1799 AD?) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING Main Building BRICK Material Main Building TIMBER Material
Description and Sources Description Cruck: Three cruck blades re-used in the construction of a post-medieval agricultural barn. The barn has four bays of post and truss construction, with trenched double purlins, a ridge piece, wind braces, tie beam and double collar gables, and single collar internal open trusses. Partly rebuilt and extended in brick. A lean to and cattle shelter had also been added and the barn has also been heightened. <1> <2> Sources (1) Verbal communication: R.A. Meeson (Staffordshire County Council). 1980 - 2000. Comments on sites in Staffordshire by R.A. Meeson. (1981) (2) Drawn: Staffordshire County Council. Unknown. Agricultural Barn at Hammerwich Hall: Simplified Perspective Drawing.
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0749 0736 (34m by 32m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 01668 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments 57097 Hammerwich Hall Farm, Hammerwich Lane, Geographical Hammerwich
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 6 PRN Number 01669 - MST1661 Site Name Earthwork / Trackway, Near Hammerwich Hall
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 01669 - MST1661 Earthwork / Trackway, Near Hammerwich Hall Monument The earthwork remains of a possible trackway, which is aligned with (and possibly associated with) a linear feature to the north. These features have been interpreted at the possible remains of a former village street or road.
Monument Types and Dates TRACKWAY (Unknown date) Evidence EARTHWORK
Description and Sources Description Trackway: A wet hollow on the south side of Hall Lane, which appears to be aligned with a shrunken linear feature on the northern side of the road. Possibly evidence of a former village street or road? <1> Sources (1) Verbal communication: R.A. Meeson (Staffordshire County Council). 1980 - 2000. Comments on sites in Staffordshire by R.A. Meeson. (1981)
Location National Grid Reference SK 0753 0733 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 01669 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 7 PRN Number 02221 - MST2212 Site Name Lichfield Canal - Wyrley and Essington Extension and Anglesey Branch PRN Number Site Name Record Type 02221 - MST2212 Lichfield Canal - Wyrley and Essington Extension Monument and Anglesey Branch The course of The Wyrley and Essington Extension and Anglesey Branch of the Lichfield Canal, authorised in 1794 and constructed in 1797 to bring coal from the collieries at Wyrley and Essington to Wolverhampton. The canal largely went out of use in 1954 and much of it has been back-filled.
Summary from record 05241: A section of the course of The Wyrley and Essington Canal Extension (between Freeford and Huddlesford/the Coventry Canal). The canal was Surveyed by William Pitt and was authorised in 1794. (See also Primary Record Number 05241).
Monument Types and Dates CANAL (Built, (between) Georgian - 1794 AD to 1797 AD) Evidence COURSE OF Evidence DEMOLISHED STRUCTURE? Evidence EARTHWORK Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT
Description and Sources Description Canal: Lichfield Canal (Wyrley and Essington Canal Extension). Authorised 1794. Surveyor William Pitt. <1>
A short length of canal side wooden revetment was identified during an investigation on land between 63A and 65 Shortbutts Lane, Lichfield. (LH, 07-Sept-2007) <3>
The canal was constructed in 1797 with the purpose of bringing coal from the collieries at Wyrley and Essington into the town of Wolverhampton. The canal was progressively extended from Wolverhampton to the junction with the Coventry Canal. The Birmingham Canal Navigation Company acquired the Wyrley and Essington Canal in 1840 and undertook major refurbishment works along its length. The eastern end of the canal fell out of use following an act of Parliament in 1954 and much of it was backfilled. (SB, 18-Feb-2008) <4> Sources (1) Desk Based Assessment Report: Staffordshire County Council (Bob Meeson?). Circa 1991. The Archaeological Implications of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (2) Other Report: Oxford Wessex Archaeology. 2003. M6 Toll 2000-2002: Proposals for Archaeological Post- Excavation Analysis and Publication of Results. (3) Watching Brief Report: Chris Clarke (AOC Archaeological Consulting). 2007. Land Between 63A and 65 Shortbutts Lane, Lichfield, Staffordshire: An Archaeological Watching Brief Report. Page 1 (4) Watching Brief Report: Pat Frost (Castlering Archaeology). 2005. Sandfields Canal Lock, Lichfield, Staffordshire: Archaeological Recording. Page 3
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0795 0680 (14417m by 5473m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Parish Lichfield, Lichfield District Parish Swinfen and Packington, Lichfield District Parish Wall, Lichfield District Parish Whittington, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 8 PRN Number 02221 - MST2212 Site Name Lichfield Canal - Wyrley and Essington Extension and Anglesey Branch Other Statuses and Cross-References Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00612333 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00579131 Active Environmental Stewardship Agreement - AG00370058 Active Primary Record Number - 02221 Active Former Primary Record Number - 05241 / MST4775 Revoked Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments 03038 Huddlesford Junction, Coventry Canal / Geographical Wyrley and Essington Canal, Whittington 51636 Canal Lock, Sandfields, Lichfield Geographical 51876 Canal Bridge, Ogley Junction, Wyrley and Geographical Essington Canal
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities EST1162 A preliminary archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (Event - Interpretation) EST1185 An assessment of the program of archaeological work carried out on the M6 Toll Road. (Event - Intervention) EST1751 Archaeological recording and watching brief at Sandfields Canal Lock, Lichfield. (Event - Intervention. Ref: Report No. 233) EST1776 An archaeological watching brief on Land off Shortbutts Lane, Lichfield. (Event - Intervention. Ref: Site Code: 2007.LH.1) Associated Individuals/Organisations Pitt, William - Unassigned Surveyor
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 9 PRN Number 02470 - MST2460 Site Name Hammerwich / Humeruuich (Settlement)
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 02470 - MST2460 Hammerwich / Humeruuich (Settlement) Place A settlement recorded in the Domesday Book.
Monument Types and Dates SETTLEMENT (SAXON - 410 AD to 1065 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
Description and Sources Description See PRN 01090 AND 01668. The two Hammerwichs formed one of seven settlements belonging to the Bishop of Chester's manor of Lichfield, which were all described as being 'waste'. There was five carucates of land recorded at the two Hammerwichs. <1> Sources Desk Based Assessment Report: Staffordshire County Council (Bob Meeson?). Circa 1991. The Archaeological Implications of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (1) Published Book: William I - Translated Alison Hawkins & Alex Rumble. 1086/1976. Domesday Book 24: Staffordshire (Phillimore Translation). 2-16
Location National Grid Reference SK 0690 0740 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 02470 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities EST1162 A preliminary archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (Event - Interpretation) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 10 PRN Number 02483 - MST2473 Site Name Hilton / Iltone (Settlement)
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 02483 - MST2473 Hilton / Iltone (Settlement) Place A settlement recorded in the Domesday Survey of 1086.
Monument Types and Dates SETTLEMENT (SAXON - 410 AD to 1065 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence PLACENAME EVIDENCE
Description and Sources Description Signficant placename. <1>
The Canons of Wolverhampton held three virgates of land themselves in Hilton. There was land for one plough. Two free men and four smallholders had two ploughs. <2> Sources Desk Based Assessment Report: Staffordshire County Council (Bob Meeson?). Circa 1991. The Archaeological Implications of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (1) Article in serial: Dr. Margaret Gelling. 1981. Some Thoughts on Staffordshire Place-Names in North Staffordshire Journal of Field Studies Volume 21 (1981). Page 3 (2) Published Book: William I - Translated Alison Hawkins & Alex Rumble. 1086/1976. Domesday Book 24: Staffordshire (Phillimore Translation). 7:10
Location National Grid Reference SK 081 055 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Wall, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 02483 Active Former Primary Record Number - 03788 Revoked Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities EST1162 A preliminary archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (Event - Interpretation) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 11 PRN Number 02676 - MST2664 Site Name Flint Axe Findspot, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 02676 - MST2664 Flint Axe Findspot, Hammerwich Find Spot A Neolithic or Bronze Age flint axe, found near Crane Brook.
Monument Types and Dates FINDSPOT (Early Neolithic to Middle Bronze Age - 4000 BC? to 1001 BC?) Evidence FIND
Description and Sources Description ARTEFACT. FLINT AXE FOUND NEAR CRANE BROOK NORTH OF WATLING STREET. <1> <2> Sources Desk Based Assessment Report: Staffordshire County Council (Bob Meeson?). Circa 1991. The Archaeological Implications of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (1) Letter: Sarah Shaw. 1983. Correspondence relating to finds and earthworks at Hammerwich. (2) Index: R. A. Meeson (and others). 1960-2000. Yellow Sites and Monuments Record Cards. 1983 (Graphic Material)
Location National Grid Reference SK 066 065 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 02676 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Associated Finds FST936 AXEHEAD (1) (Early Neolithic to Middle Bronze Age - 4000 BC? to FLINT 1001 BC?) Associated Events/Activities EST1162 A preliminary archaeological assessment of the proposed route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (Event - Interpretation) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 12 PRN Number 04858 - MST4441 Site Name Linear Cropmarks, Watling Street, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 04858 - MST4441 Linear Cropmarks, Watling Street, Hammerwich Monument A linear cropmark feature of unknown date or function, running north from Watling Street.
Monument Types and Dates LINEAR FEATURE (Unknown date) Evidence CROPMARK
Description and Sources Description LINEAR FEATURE. LINEAR CROPMARKS RUNNING N FROM WATLING ST. <1> Sources (1) Desk Based Assessment Report: (Oxford Archaeological Unit). 2000. Birmingham Northern Relief Road: Archaeological Addendum to 1994 Archaeological Desktop. 1075 (Map L05.05)
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0725 0659 (53m by 174m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 04858 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 13 PRN Number 04890 - MST4473 Site Name Cropmark Enclosure, Watling Street
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 04890 - MST4473 Cropmark Enclosure, Watling Street Monument Cropmark evidence for a three sided enclosure of possible Iron Age or Roman date.
Monument Types and Dates ENCLOSURE (Early Iron Age to ROMAN - 800 BC? to 409 AD?) Evidence CROPMARK
Description and Sources Description ENCLOSURE. THREE SIDED FEATURE SEEN AS CROPMARK NEXT TO WATLING ST. <1> Sources (1) Desk Based Assessment Report: (Oxford Archaeological Unit). 2000. Birmingham Northern Relief Road: Archaeological Addendum to 1994 Archaeological Desktop. 1162 (Map L05.5)
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0741 0646 (168m by 53m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 04890 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 14 PRN Number 04901 - MST4484 Site Name Old Field Boundaries, New Town, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 04901 - MST4484 Old Field Boundaries, New Town, Hammerwich Monument Linear cropmark features identified from aerial photography, which are the remains of former field boundaries.
Monument Types and Dates FIELD BOUNDARY (POST MEDIEVAL to Victorian - 1486 AD? to 1899 AD) Evidence CROPMARK
Description and Sources Description LINEAR FEATURE. OLD FIELD BOUNDARIES SEE AS CROPMARK & VERIFIED FROM MAPS. <1> Sources Desk Based Assessment Report: Chris Cox (Air Photo Services Limited). 2000. Birmingham Northern Relief Road Aerial Photographic Assessment: Archaeology - Rectified Mapping. (1) Desk Based Assessment Report: (Oxford Archaeological Unit). 2000. Birmingham Northern Relief Road: Archaeological Addendum to 1994 Archaeological Desktop. 1203 (Map L05.05)
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0620 0656 (251m by 129m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 04901 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities EST1177 An aerial photographic assessment of the route of the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. (Event - Interpretation) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 15 PRN Number 09572 - MST5215 Site Name The Windmill, Church Lane, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 09572 - MST5215 The Windmill, Church Lane, Hammerwich Building A listed late 18th century former windmill, which is of rendered brick construction with a tapered circular base rising to three storeys. The windmill was converted into a dwelling in the mid 20th century.
Monument Types and Dates WINDMILL (Georgian - 1750 AD to 1799 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING Main Building BRICK Material HOUSE ((Circa) Post-War - 1950 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING
Description and Sources Description WINDMILL: C19 BRICK WINDMILL CONVERTED TO DWELLING IN C20. <1> Sources (1) Designation Record: Department of the Environment. Ongoing. Listed Buildings of Special Architectural or Historical Importance (Green and Blue Backs).
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0674 0738 (8m by 8m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations Listed Building (II) - 1908/05/037 The Windmill Active DST4979
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 09572 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 16 PRN Number 20075 - MST5346 Site Name Ridge and Furrow, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 20075 - MST5346 Ridge and Furrow, Hammerwich Monument The earthwork remains of medieval or later ridge and furrow, identified on aerial photography from the 1960s.
Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK
Description and Sources Description Ridge and furrow seen on aerial photography. <1> <2> Sources (1) Aerial Photograph: Hunting Surveys Ltd. 1963. 1963 Aerial Photography. Run 15 - 5991 (2) Drawn: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee (?). Unknown. 1:10 000 Overlays.
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0696 0711 (200m by 240m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 20075 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 17 PRN Number 20076 - MST5347 Site Name Ridge and Furrow, North-East of Hilton, Wall
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 20076 - MST5347 Ridge and Furrow, North-East of Hilton, Wall Monument The earthwork remains of medieval or later ridge and furrow, identified on aerial photography from the 1960s.
Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK
Description and Sources Description Ridge and furrow seen on aerial photography. <1> <2> Sources (1) Aerial Photograph: Hunting Surveys Ltd. 1963. 1963 Aerial Photography. Run 14 - 5944 (2) Drawn: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee (?). Unknown. 1:10 000 Overlays.
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 08378 05801 (241m by 107m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Wall, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 20076 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 18 PRN Number 13676 - MST10153 Site Name Hammerwich House Farm, Hall Lane, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 13676 - MST10153 Hammerwich House Farm, Hall Lane, Hammerwich Building A listed early 19th century red brick farmhouse with a hipped tile roof.
Monument Types and Dates FARMHOUSE (INDUSTRIAL to Victorian - 1800 AD to 1850 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING
Description and Sources Description - None recorded
Sources - None recorded
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0685 0739 (11m by 19m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations Listed Building (II) - 1908/05/036 Hammerwich House Farm Active DST4978
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 13676 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments 53187 Hammerwich House Farm, Hammerwich Geographical
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 19 PRN Number 13677 - MST10154 Site Name Hammerwich Place Farmhouse, Hall Lane, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 13677 - MST10154 Hammerwich Place Farmhouse, Hall Lane, Building Hammerwich A listed early 19th century farmhouse of painted brick construction, situated at the centre of a small hamlet.
Monument Types and Dates FARMHOUSE (INDUSTRIAL to Victorian - 1800 AD to 1850 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING
Description and Sources Description - None recorded
Sources - None recorded
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0745 0699 (19m by 18m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations Listed Building (II) - 1908/05/038 Hammerwich Place Farmhouse Active DST4981
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 13677 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 20 PRN Number 60421 - MST12155 Site Name Key Findspot, Wall
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 60421 - MST12155 Key Findspot, Wall Find Spot A copper alloy key of probable Roman date, found in Wall Parish.
Monument Types and Dates FINDSPOT (ROMAN - 43 AD to 409 AD) Evidence FIND
Description and Sources Description A copper alloy and iron key of Roman date, recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish. <1> Sources (1) Digital Archive: DCMS. 2002. Portable Antiquities Scheme: West Midlands data-set 2002.. Find UID WMID3847
Location National Grid Reference SK 08 06 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Wall, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 60421 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Associated Finds FST1906 KEY (LOCKING)? (1) (ROMAN to SAXON - 43 AD? to 410 AD) COPPER ALLOY, IRON Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 21 PRN Number 60422 - MST12156 Site Name Unidentified Find, Wall
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 60422 - MST12156 Unidentified Find, Wall Find Spot An unidentified object which is T-shaped in plan and which appears to be of iron encased in copper alloy. The object was recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish.
Monument Types and Dates FINDSPOT (Unknown date) Evidence FIND
Description and Sources Description An unidentified object which is T-shaped in plan and which appears to be of iron encased in copper alloy. The object was recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish. <1> Sources (1) Digital Archive: DCMS. 2002. Portable Antiquities Scheme: West Midlands data-set 2002.. Find UID WMID3846
Location National Grid Reference SK 08 06 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Wall, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 60422 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Associated Finds FST1907 UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (1) COPPER ALLOY, IRON Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 22 PRN Number 60423 - MST12157 Site Name Spoon Findspot, Wall
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 60423 - MST12157 Spoon Findspot, Wall Find Spot A complete pewter spoon of mid 15th to 16th century date, with a knop terminal and undecorated stem. The spoon was recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish in January 1998.
Monument Types and Dates FINDSPOT (MEDIEVAL to POST MEDIEVAL - 1450 AD to 1599 AD) Evidence FIND
Description and Sources Description A complete pewter spoon of mid 15th to 16th century date, with a knop terminal and undecorated stem. The spoon was recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish in January 1998. <1> Sources (1) Digital Archive: DCMS. 2002. Portable Antiquities Scheme: West Midlands data-set 2002.. Find UID WMID3849
Location National Grid Reference SK 08 06 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Wall, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 60423 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Associated Finds FST1908 SPOON (1) (MEDIEVAL to POST MEDIEVAL - 1450 AD to 1599 PEWTER AD) Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 23 PRN Number 51396 - MST12650 Site Name Milepost, Near the Boat Inn, Summerhill, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 51396 - MST12650 Milepost, Near the Boat Inn, Summerhill, Monument Hammerwich An early 20th century triangular cast iron milepost located on the north-west side of the A461, near Boat Inn at Summerhill, Hammerwich. The milepost gives distances to Lichfield and Walsall.
Monument Types and Dates MILEPOST (Erected, Edwardian - 1909 AD to 1910 AD) Evidence EXTANT STRUCTURE Main Building CAST IRON Material
Description and Sources Description A cast iron milepost of hollow triangular section. The angled triangular front panel features the former parish name of Ogley Hay Parish. The signage of the left hand side reads Lichfield (3 1/2 miles). The signage of the right hand side reads Walsall (6 miles). The milepost was manufactured by Cochrane & Co, Dudley. (LF, 26-Apr-2007) <1>
The milepost is dated to 1909-1910. (SB, 27-Sept-2011) <2> Sources (1) Written: John Higgins (The Milestone Society). 2000. Staffordshire Milestones (and Canal Milestones, Boundary Markers and Guide Posts). Milestone No. ST/HAH/02 (2) Verbal communication: John Higgins (The Milestone Society). 2011. Comments and observations on various sites in the Churnet Valley.
Location National Grid Reference SK 076 060 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 51396 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities EST1287 A survey by John Higgins of The Milestone Society of Staffordshire Milestones. (Event - Survey) Associated Individuals/Organisations
Cochrane & Co, Dudley Manufacturer
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 24 PRN Number 51089 - MST12749 Site Name Barn, Hammerwich Place Farm, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 51089 - MST12749 Barn, Hammerwich Place Farm, Hammerwich Building An 18th century brick built barn with a tiled, gabled roof.
Monument Types and Dates BARN (Built, (between) POST MEDIEVAL to Georgian - 1700 AD to 1799 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING Main Building BRICK Material Main Building TILE Material COLLAR (Built, (between) POST MEDIEVAL to Georgian - 1700 AD to 1799 AD) GABLED ROOF (Built, (between) POST MEDIEVAL to Georgian - 1700 AD to 1799 AD)
Description and Sources Description A brick built barn located in a farm group within a village. The barn measures 52 foot by 13 foot with three internal bays, one large cart entrance and a gabled and tiled roof. The barn is in fair condition and is used for crop storage. There are also ranges of stables in the farm group. (LF, 14-May-2007) <1> Sources (1) Survey Archive: Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. 1985. Domesday Survey of Barns for Staffordshire - Survey Sheets. Hammerwich - 51089 (Includes sketch plan)
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0745 0702 (18m by 20m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 51089 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities EST1544 Survey of a barn at Hammerwich Place Farm, Hammerwich. (Event - Survey) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 25 PRN Number 52093 - MST13527 Site Name Field Boundary, West of Muckley Corner, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 52093 - MST13527 Field Boundary, West of Muckley Corner, Monument Hammerwich The remains of a former field/hedgerow boundary of probable post-medieval date, identified during a strip, map and record exercise at Cranebrook Quarry.
Monument Types and Dates FIELD BOUNDARY (POST MEDIEVAL - 1486 AD to 1799 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT
Description and Sources Description A north-east to south-west aligned linear feature measuring 0.40 metres in width and excavated to a depth of 0.17 metres. The cut feature had a rounded base and gently sloping sides and contained a single fill of brown sandy loam with occasional small stone or piece of charcoal. No dating evidence was recovered from the feature, however it has been interpreted as the probable remains of a former post-medieval field/hedgerow boundary. (HC, 04-Aug-2008) <1> Sources (1) Excavation Report: Richard Cherrington (Benchmark Archaeology). 2008. Cranebrook Quarry Extension, Watling Street, Hammerwich, Lichfield: An Archaeological Strip, Map and Record Exercise. Page 11 and Page 14
Location National Grid Reference SK 0722 0636 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 52093 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities EST1831 An archaeological strip, map and record exercise at Cranebrook Quarry, Hammerwich. (Event - Intervention) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 26 PRN Number 53186 - MST14619 Site Name Old Farm, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 53186 - MST14619 Old Farm, Hammerwich Monument A farmstead with a dispersed cluster plan, which was extant by the late 19th century. Only the farmhouse now survives.
Monument Types and Dates Dispersed Cluster Plan (Victorian - 1850 AD to 1899 AD) Dispersed Plan (Victorian - 1850 AD to 1899 AD) FARMSTEAD (Victorian - 1850 AD to 1899 AD) Evidence DEMOLISHED BUILDING Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
Description and Sources Description A farmstead with a dispersed cluster plan, located within the centre of Hammerwich. (SB, 16-Jun-2009) <1> <2>
The farm was extant by the late 19th century. (SB, 16-Jun-2009) <3>
Only the farmhouse now survives, with the remainder of the original farm buildings having been replaced with larger, modern, agricultural buildings. (SB, 16-Jun-2009) <4> Sources (1) Digital Archive: Bob Edwards (Forum Heritage Services). 2008. Historic Farmsteads and Landscape Character in Staffordshire - GIS Data. 250714 (2) Survey Report: Bob Edwards (Forum Heritage Services). 2008. Historic Farmsteads and Landscape Character in Staffordshire. (3) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1875-1890. Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 6" Maps. (5) Aerial Photograph: 2000. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 1999 - 2001. SK 0673 0749
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0673 0749 (77m by 63m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 53186 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments 51088 Barn, Old Farm, Hammerwich Geographical
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 27 PRN Number 53187 - MST14620 Site Name Hammerwich House Farm, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 53187 - MST14620 Hammerwich House Farm, Hammerwich Monument A farmstead of probable early 19th century origin laid out in a loose courtyard (enclosed on three sides), with a detached farmhouse to the south. The original farm buildings all appear to have been replaced and the plan form of the farmstead has altered. Only the farmhouse now survives.
Monument Types and Dates Loose Courtyard Plan (INDUSTRIAL to Victorian - 1800 AD to 1850 AD) FARMSTEAD (Victorian - 1850 AD to 1899 AD) Evidence DEMOLISHED BUILDING Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
Description and Sources Description A farmstead of loose courtyard plan enclosed on three sides, with additional detached elements (some later additions) and a detached farmhouse of early 19th century date to the south. (SB, 16-Jun-2009) <1> <2> <3> <4>
The farm buildings all appear to have been replaced in the second half of the 20th century and the plan form of the farmstead has changed. Only the farmhouse now survives. (SB, 16-Jun-2009) <5> Sources (1) Digital Archive: Bob Edwards (Forum Heritage Services). 2008. Historic Farmsteads and Landscape Character in Staffordshire - GIS Data. 250715 (2) Survey Report: Bob Edwards (Forum Heritage Services). 2008. Historic Farmsteads and Landscape Character in Staffordshire. (3) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1875-1890. Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 6" Maps. (4) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1890-1905. Ordnance Survey 2nd Edition 6" Maps. (5) Aerial Photograph: 2000. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 1999 - 2001. SK 0687 0742
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0687 0742 (75m by 100m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 53187 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments 13676 Hammerwich House Farm, Hall Lane, Geographical Hammerwich
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 28 PRN Number 61224 - MST15193 Site Name Button and Loop Fastner Findspot, Wall
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 61224 - MST15193 Button and Loop Fastner Findspot, Wall Find Spot Part of a copper alloy button and loop fastner of probable Late Iron Age or early Roman date, recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish in January 2002.
Monument Types and Dates FINDSPOT (Late Iron Age to ROMAN - 100 BC? to 100 AD) Evidence FIND
Description and Sources Description Part of a copper alloy button and loop fastner of probable Late Iron Age or early Roman date, recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish in January 2002. (SB, 17-Jun-2015) <1> Sources (1) Index: Portable Antiquities Scheme. 2009. Portable Antiquities Data (August 2009).
Location National Grid Reference SK 08 06 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Wall, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 61224 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Associated Finds FST3080 BUTTON AND LOOP FASTENER? (1) (Late Iron Age to ROMAN - COPPER ALLOY 100 BC? to 100 AD) Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 29 PRN Number 55336 - MST19105 Site Name Ridge and Furrow, East of Church Lane, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 55336 - MST19105 Ridge and Furrow, East of Church Lane, Monument Hammerwich Ridge and furrow earthworks, evidence of medieval and later ploughing, identified on aerial photography in the area to the east of Church Lane, Hammerwich. The fields where the ridge and furrow earthworks were identified were under plough in the late 20th century.
Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence LEVELLED EARTHWORK?
Description and Sources Description Ridge and furrow was identified on aerial photography. (DAT, 17/01/2013) <1>
The fields where the ridge and furrow earthworks were previously identified have been ploughed in the late 20th/early 21st century. (DAT, 17/01/2013) <2> <3> Sources (1) Drawn: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee (?). Unknown. 1:10 000 Overlays. (2) Aerial Photograph: 2000. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 1999 - 2001. (3) Aerial Photograph: 2006-2010. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 2006-2010.
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0714 0745 (254m by 200m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 55336 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 30 PRN Number 60973 - MST19854 Site Name Stone Pick Findspot, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 60973 - MST19854 Stone Pick Findspot, Hammerwich Find Spot A complete quartzite unifacial elongated stone pick of Lower or Middle Palaeolithic date, recovered during fieldwalking in Hammerwich parish in June 2012.
Monument Types and Dates FINDSPOT (Lower Palaeolithic to Middle Palaeolithic - 500000 BC to 40001 BC) Evidence FIND
Description and Sources Description A complete quartzite unifacial elongated stone pick of Lower or Middle Palaeolithic date, recovered during fieldwalking in Hammerwich parish in June 2012. (SB, 20-Sept-2013) <1> Sources (1) Index: Portable Antiquities Scheme. 2013. Portable Antiquities Data (September 2013).
Location National Grid Reference SK 06 06 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 60973 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Associated Finds FST5300 PICK (1) (Lower Palaeolithic to Middle Palaeolithic - 500000 BC to STONE 40001 BC) Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 31 PRN Number 61045 - MST19928 Site Name Glass Bead Findspot, Shenstone
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 61045 - MST19928 Glass Bead Findspot, Shenstone Find Spot A broken glass bead of possible Late Iron Age or Roman date, recovered during metal detecting in Shenstone parish in
Monument Types and Dates FINDSPOT (Late Iron Age to ROMAN - 100 BC to 409 AD) Evidence FIND
Description and Sources Description A broken glass bead of possible late Iron Age or Roman date, recovered during metal detecting in Shenstone parish in 2011. (SB, 23-Sept-2013) <1> Sources (1) Index: Portable Antiquities Scheme. 2013. Portable Antiquities Data (September 2013).
Location National Grid Reference SK 07 05 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Shenstone, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 61045 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Associated Finds FST5374 BEAD (1) (Late Iron Age to ROMAN - 100 BC to 409 AD) GLASS Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 32 PRN Number 61047 - MST19930 Site Name Gold Quarter Stater (Coin), Wall
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 61047 - MST19930 Gold Quarter Stater (Coin), Wall Find Spot A gold quarter stater of Cunobelin, struck at Camulodunum (Colchester), and dating from the late first century BC to the early first century AD, recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish in April or May 2011.
Monument Types and Dates FINDSPOT (Late Iron Age - 25 BC to 25 AD) Evidence FIND
Description and Sources Description A gold quarter stater of Cunobelin, struck at Camulodunum (Colchester), and dating from the late first century BC to the early first century AD, recovered during metal detecting in Wall parish in April or May 2011. (SB, 23-Sept-2013) <1> Sources (1) Index: Portable Antiquities Scheme. 2013. Portable Antiquities Data (September 2013).
Location National Grid Reference SK 08 05 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Wall, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 61047 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Associated Finds FST5376 COIN (1) (Late Iron Age - 25 BC to 25 AD) GOLD Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 33 PRN Number 56066 - MST20184 Site Name Finger Post, Hammerwich Lane, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 56066 - MST20184 Finger Post, Hammerwich Lane, Hammerwich Monument A probable early to mid 20th century black and white painted, cast iron finger post at the junction of Hammerwich Lane, Hall Lane, Station Road and Lion's Den, Hammerwich. The finger post points direction to Muckley Corner, Lichfield and Brownhills.
Monument Types and Dates FINGER POST (Erected, (between) Victorian to Post-War - 1900 AD? to 1964 AD?) Evidence EXTANT STRUCTURE Main Building CAST IRON Material
Description and Sources Description A black and white painted cast iron finger post situated at the junction of Hammerwich Lane, Hall Lane, Station Road and Lion's Den, Hammerwich. The finger post has three arms pointing direction to 'MUCKLEY CORNER', 'LICHFIELD' and 'BROWNHILLS'. The post measures 6 inches in diameter (narrowing to 4 1/2 inches under the arms). (HP, 31-Oct-2013) <1> Sources (1) Written: John Higgins (The Milestone Society). 2000. Staffordshire Milestones (and Canal Milestones, Boundary Markers and Guide Posts). Hammerwich 1
Location National Grid Reference SK 0748 0707 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 56066 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 34 PRN Number 56738 - MST20866 Site Name The Staffordshire Hoard, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 56738 - MST20866 The Staffordshire Hoard, Hammerwich Find Spot A massive hoard of gold and silver objects including sword fittings, helmet parts, zoomorphic and other highly decorated pieces, recovered during metal detecting and subsequent systematic survey and excavation on land adjacent to the A5 in Hammerwich in July- August 2009. The collection of finds, now referred to as the Staffordshire Hoard, are considered to be of largely 6th-7th century date.
Monument Types and Dates FINDSPOT (SAXON - 500 AD? to 699 AD?) Evidence FIND Evidence UNSTRATIFIED FIND
Description and Sources Description On the 5th July 2009 a metal detectorist began to recover a hoard of gold objects from a field adjacent to the A5 at Hammerwich. Over a period of 5 days the detectorist recovered around 200 items, mainly of gold and at this stage the finds were reported to the Portable Antiquities Scheme. As well as recovering individual objects the finder also had the foresight to lift out several large 'lumps' of soil where metal detector readings were particularly high. An initial assessment of the finds confirmed that many were of 'Salins' Style 2' type and probably of 6th to 7th century date. The range of finds suggested high status associations and were comparable with material recovered from the Sutton Hoo ship burial. X-rays of the lumps of soil showed each to be packed with numerous metal objects and these were the subject of excavation in the lab at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery. Following the initial period of metal detecting a 1 metre square test pit was excavated by Staffordshire County Council and the Portable Antiquities Scheme with the finder to better understand the archaeological context of the hoard. This excavation recovered numerous further gold items and confirmed that the material was derived from the plough soil. Any surrounding metal detector signals were also plotted with GPS at this stage. The area of excavation was extended to 2 metres square and this was again excavated systematically between the 24th and 29th of July 2009. A scan of the area surrounding the test pit suggested that the concentration of hoard material was likely to be confined to an area measuring approximately 20 metres square. This wider area was then laid out in 1 metre by 1 metre grid squares with each systematically hand excavated, with recovered object allocated a small find number. Although wet sieving of all soil was proposed to recover smaller fragments of metal, the nature of the wet clay soils made this an ineffective process and was therefore discontinued after a couple of days. A metal detector was employed over the excavated soil to maximise recovery. The total area of excavation was 9 metres by 13 metres and was completed by the 21st August 2009. Between the 10th and 14th of August a metal detector survey of the wider site was also undertaken by the original finder, who marked the location of any potential metal detector signals for had excavation. The survey covered an area of approximately 50 metres square (laid out in a 5 metre by 5 metre grid) in the north-western corner of the field. All objects recovered during this survey were post-medieval date and included a plough share fragment, a gun cartridge and unidentified fragments of iron. Topsoil was also scanned with a metal detector during the mechanical backfilling of the excavated area and from this a number of gold or silver objects were recovered. Following the back-filling a number of pit- like anomalies identified by the geophysical survey were plotted on the ground with a GPS and were hand-excavated in 0.20 metre square test pits. The finds recovered included over 1300 objects of mainly gold and silver, with some other materials including iron, lead, glass and garnet. The range of objects included:
* Almost 200 'strips' of metal, some decorated with filigree interlace, some thought to be possible helmet fragments * A few fragments of metal-working debris including probable slag, possible copper alloy melt or spillage and lead spillage and slag * Over 220 fragments of sheet metal, some decorated with repousse, geometric, or other decoration, some of which are thought to be possible helmet fragments. * Over 30 possible rivets or associated plates, heads or rings * Over 10 rings, some decorated * Over 70 plates, some decorated with cloisonné, interlace, inlays, zoomorphic designs, and/or garnet settings and several with eagle head designs * A pin (possibly more recent origin) * A pendant cross with expanded arms and a central cabochon setting * Other panels (some decorated), mounts (some decorated), nails, iron objects and fragments and over 40 lengths of gold and silver wire * Sword fittings including 10 'pyramids' and over sword 80 pommels * Approximately 140 sword hilt plates, plate fragments or plate fittings * Over 70 sword hilt collars or collar fragments, * Over 10 studs or similar * Over 10 garnets other glass gems, pellets and sherds, * Over 250 other fragments * A few pieces of foil zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 35 PRN Number 56738 - MST20866 Site Name The Staffordshire Hoard, Hammerwich
* Over 40 other fittings or settings * A gold fish * 5 snakes (one wire with head, two with pins on the underside, one with a missing head) * Two finials (one of iron) * Around 85 edging pieces including some with filigree, repousse or other decoration * Three other crosses * A lead disc * Other buttons, buckles and plates, beads, a possible brooch and arched mounts, plates and strips * Over 20 lumps of earth giving metal detector responses
Most of the excavated 1 metre by 1 metre grids yielded at least one item. The largest number of items were derived from outside the area measuring 2 metres square initially excavated by Staffordshire County Council, although large numbers of objects were found within the original test-pit area. An area measuring 5 metres (east-west) by 3 metres (north-south) contained up to 19 objects per square, possibly including objects dragged east or west of their original locations by plough action. Outside this rectangular area the artefact distributions were reduced, although not uniformly. Areas to the south-east, north-west and north-east of the main concentrations yielded no artefacts at excavation. By total weight, the largest artefact collections were again located towards the centre of the excavated area. Outside this concentration, the artefact density was generally reduced, although a number of significant ‘hot spots’ may be noted (e.g. to the south-west, east and north of the main distributions). Interestingly, a number of the larger items were located outside the centre of the find-spot, often as individual finds (not as groups of large finds). This suggests that some of the larger items have been ‘dragged’ away from their original locations by ploughing. Equally, the smaller items may not. The smaller find types (e.g. fragments, edgings, fittings, strips and wire) tended to be clustered towards the centre of the hoard findspot, while larger find types (e.g. plates, sheet metal, sword hilt collars and plates and sword pommels) were not as clustered again perhaps indicating disturbance by ploughing. The finds appear to have been dispersed as a group as a result of one or more episodes of ploughing and the evidence for 'movement' amongst some of the larger, but not smaller items is suggested to refute any suggestion that the hoard was recently buried. As suggested by the preliminary test-pit excavation carried out by Staffordshire County Council, none of the hoard finds were found within archaeological features. The majority of the hoard finds were located within the topsoil, while others were located at the interface between topsoil and subsoil. None of the features, including a possible curvi-linear ditch, or other possible features identified contained any datable finds (see PRN 57456 for excavated features). The placement of the hoard (and possibly the curvi-linear feature) atop the north-western (lower) spur of a natural ridge suggests that a location adjoining Watling Street (or facing generally to the north) was more important than occupation of the higher land towards the south-eastern spur of the natural ridge. The topographic location of the hoard, the proximity of the curvilinear anomaly and its suggested association with a change in alignment of the historic field boundary is unlikely to be a coincidence. Further work is clearly justified in order to understand this highly enigmatic site, and to place the hoard in its proper archaeological context. Two, conflicting interpretations of the hoard and its context have been suggested. One suggests that the hoard was buried hurriedly, with a view to recovery by individuals who did not survive to reclaim their treasure. In this hypothesis, the topographic location of the hoard was chosen to facilitate its rediscovery. In the alternative hypothesis, the hoard is interpreted as a pagan offering, in which case the topographic location may have held a symbolic meaning. Further work should provide an understanding of this important question. (SB, 09-Apr-2014) <1> <2> <3>
Following the discovery and subsequent investigation and excavation of the Staffordshire Hoard site a search team from Halcrow, the Home Office Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB) and the Staffordshire Police designed and implemented a search in the immediate vicinity of the field where the hoard was found. The purpose of the search was to identify whether all 'hoard' objects had been recovered and was conducted on the 14th and 15th September 2009. A search grid comprising 15 parallel 'lanes' measuring 50 metres long were laid out and sequentially searched using geophysical survey equipment. Several hundred metal items were identified during the search and comprised largely of discarded objects relating to past and recent farming activity (and bearing no relation to the hoard). A brass tube, about 100mm long and a brass flake about 5mm squared were recovered and identified to be of possible archaeological significance. No further gold objects were found during the search. (SB, 08-Apr-2014) <4>
Further archaeological investigation on the site of the Staffordshire Hoard in March 2010 produced no further gold or silver objects (or any other finds) associated with the Staffordshire Hoard. The investigation, which included geophysical survey, trial trenching, test pitting and metal detecting did identified a number of features (see PRN 57456), although non of these could be associated with the hoard. One of these, a large curvilinear feature, which was identified during investigations in 2009 has been determined by the recent investigation to be of geological rather than archaeological origin. It is suggested that a difference in geology here could have promoted growth of different vegetation. This distinction in vegetation types may have been noticeable above ground and could have created a prominent landscape feature. If the Staffordshire Hoard was buried with a view to its later recovery, it is suggested that this site could have been chosen because a change in vegetation may have made the spot easier to rediscover. A replica Thor's hammer pendant was recovered from the ploughsoil during the investigation works in 2010. The object was, however, considered to be modern and this was confirmed by XRF analysis at the British Museum. (SB, 10-Apr-2014) <5> <6>
A metal detecting and field walking survey was conducted in November 2012 on the field from which the Staffordshire Hoard zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 36 PRN Number 56738 - MST20866 Site Name The Staffordshire Hoard, Hammerwich was found in 2009 at Semi-Bungalow Farm, Hammerwich. The took place because of a new episode of ploughing on the field. 86 of the metalwork finds were deemed Treasure in January 2013 by the Staffordshire Coroner. There were three phases of methodology for the survey, including; the systematic metal detecting of a gridded area, this was followed by gridded field-walking, if metalwork was recovered by a field-walker further metal detecting on an ad hoc basis was to ensure the recovery of as much as possible. The field was marked out in a series of 10m transects which were divided into 10m stints. A total of 91 items of metalwork were recorded and 86 of these date to the early Medieval period and (with three possible exceptions) probably relate to the hoard. All of the precious metal fragments resemble finds from the hoard, for example, a similar material, date, style and where identified type. Twelve fragments are possibly hilt fittings and include; two silver 'bullae' from the ends of guard plates, six damaged and crumpled hilt plates, two possible pommel fragments and two rivets. Fifteen fragments of 'reeded strip' were also recovered that may represent bands which defined the panels on a helmet, also found were eight fragments of Pressblech foil many of which have come from a helmet, the largest fragment found is a cheek piece. Further fragments recovered are four silver fragments with niello inlay and four pieces decorated with cloisonne garnet work: two strips, an eagle mount and a cross mount, set with a cabochon garnet. There were a number of finds that are not related to the hoard found during the surveys including; pottery, clay pipe, glass, tile, and slag. (HP, 27-Jan-2014) <7> Sources (1) Excavation Report: Birmingham Archaeology and Vista. 2010. Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Recovery (Phase 1 - July to August 2009) - Report. (2) Photographic: Birmingham Archaeology and Vista. 2009. Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Recovery (Phase 1 - July to August 2009) - Photographs. (3) Digital Archive: Birmingham Archaeology and Vista. 2009. Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Recovery (Phase 1 - July to August 2009) - GIS Data. (4) Scientific/Specialist Report: Dr Laurance J. Donelly (Halcrow Group Limited). 2009. Staffordshire (Anglo Saxon) Hoard Geoforensic Search December 2009 (Staffordshire Hoard). (5) Evaluation Report: Bob Burrows and Alex Jones (Birmingham Archaeology). 2010. The Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Evaluation 2010 - (Phase 2 - March 2010) - Report. (6) Photographic: Birmingham Archaeology and Vista. 2010. The Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Evaluation 2010 - (Phase 2 - March 2010) - Photographs. (7) Survey Report: Stuart Palmer (Archaeology Warwickshire). 2013. Further Archaeological Survey at Semi- Bungalow Farm, Barracks Lane, Hammerwich, 2012 (Staffordshire Hoard).
Location National Grid Reference SK 0637 0639 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 56738 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Associated Finds FST5409 HELMET (1) (SAXON - 410 AD to 1065 AD) METAL FST5410 SHERD (2) (MEDIEVAL to POST MEDIEVAL - 1435 AD to 1699 POTTERY AD) FST5411 SHERD (1) (MEDIEVAL to POST MEDIEVAL - 1435 AD to 1799 POTTERY AD) FST5412 SHERD (1) (POST MEDIEVAL to Georgian - 1600 AD to 1799 AD) POTTERY zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 37 PRN Number 56738 - MST20866 Site Name The Staffordshire Hoard, Hammerwich
FST5413 SHERD (>10) (POST MEDIEVAL to Georgian - 1600 AD to 1799 POTTERY AD) FST5414 SHERD (>10) (POST MEDIEVAL to Victorian - 1700 AD to 1899 POTTERY FST5415 SHERD (>10) (POST MEDIEVAL to Victorian - 1700 AD to 1899 POTTERY FST5416 SHERD (>10) POTTERY FST5417 CLAY PIPE (SMOKING) (>10) CLAY FST5418 SHERD (>10) POTTERY FST5419 WINDOW GLASS (>10) GLASS FST5421 SLAG (>10) GLASS, METAL FST5422 SWORD? (>10) (SAXON - 410 AD to 1065 AD) METAL FST5423 HELMET (>10) (SAXON - 410 AD to 1065 AD) METAL FST5577 UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (2) (SAXON - 410 AD? to 1065 AD?) BRASS FST5578 HOARD (Large quantity) (SAXON - 500 AD? to 699 AD?) COPPER ALLOY, GLASS, GOLD, IRON, LEAD, SILVER FST5582 PENDANT (1) (Post-War - 1965 AD? to 2010 AD?) SILVER Associated Events/Activities EST2424 The archaeological excavation and recovery of the Staffordshire Hoard (Phase 1 - July to August 2009) (Event - Intervention. Ref: Project No. BA 1971) EST2425 An archaeological evaluation on the site of the Staffordshire Hoard (Phase 2 - March 2010). (Event - Intervention. Ref: Project No. BA 1971) EST2378 A metal detecting and field walking survey at Semi-Bungalow Farm, Barracks Lane, Hammerwich, Staffordshire in 2012 (Staffordshire Hoard). (Event - Survey. Ref: Report No. 1313) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 38 PRN Number 57097 - MST21208 Site Name Hammerwich Hall Farm, Hammerwich Lane, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 57097 - MST21208 Hammerwich Hall Farm, Hammerwich Lane, Monument Hammerwich An isolated farmstead laid out around a series of dispersed yards with detached farmhouse and hay barn. The farmstead may have been established in the earlier post-medieval period and survives relatively unaltered and in agricultural use.
Monument Types and Dates DISPERSED MULTI YARD PLAN (Established, (between) POST MEDIEVAL to Georgian - 1500 AD? to 1799 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EXTANT BUILDING FARMSTEAD (Established, (between) POST MEDIEVAL to Georgian - 1500 AD? to 1799 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EXTANT BUILDING
Description and Sources Description An isolated farmstead laid out around a series of dispersed yards with detached farmhouse and hay barn. (HP, 11-Mar- 2014) <1>
The farmstead includes a post-medieval barn of cruck-framed construction indicating a possible 16th-178th century date for the origin of the farmstead. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <2>
The farmstead survives largely unaltered since the late 19th century, with only a few minor losses. Some new agricultural buildings have been added to the north. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <3> <4> Sources (1) Digital Archive: Bob Edwards (Forum Heritage Services). 2008. Historic Farmsteads and Landscape Character in Staffordshire - GIS Data. 250770 (2) Drawn: Staffordshire County Council. Unknown. Agricultural Barn at Hammerwich Hall: Simplified Perspective Drawing. (3) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1875-1890. Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 6" Maps. (4) Aerial Photograph: 2006-2010. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 2006-2010. 2010
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0748 0736 (133m by 133m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 57097 Active Ratings and Scorings Farmstead Alterations New Sheds on 11/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Side Staffordshire. Farmstead Priority High 11/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Staffordshire. Farmstead Survival Altered 11/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Staffordshire. zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 39 PRN Number 57097 - MST21208 Site Name Hammerwich Hall Farm, Hammerwich Lane, Hammerwich
Related Monuments 01668 Timber-Framed Barn, Hammerwich Hall Geographical Farm, Hall Lane, Hammerwich
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 40 PRN Number 57117 - MST21228 Site Name Warrenhouse Farm, Barracks Lane, Brownhills
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 57117 - MST21228 Warrenhouse Farm, Barracks Lane, Brownhills Monument An isolated farmhouse originally laid out around a regular, three-sided yard with main L-plan range and farmhouse long-side on to the yard. The farmstead appears to have been established in early 19th century and is still extant, although much altered.
Monument Types and Dates FARMSTEAD (Established, (between) INDUSTRIAL - 1800 AD? to 1834 AD?) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EXTANT BUILDING REGULAR COURTYARD L PLAN (Established, (between) INDUSTRIAL - 1800 AD? to 1834 AD?) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EXTANT BUILDING
Description and Sources Description An isolated farmstead originally laid out around a regular, three-sided yard with main L-plan range and farmhouse long side on to the yard. (HP, 12-Mar-2014) <1>
A building is shown on William Yates' map of 1775 in this approximate area, set within heathland and named 'Hogley Lodge', which may be a precursor to the establishment of 'Warrenhouse Farm' during the reorganisation and enclosure of the landscape in the early 19th century. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <2> <3>
The farmstead appears to be marked on the 1830s 1" Ordnance Survey map and is named as 'Warrenhouse Farm on the late 19th century 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <4> <5>
The farmstead is still extant, although has been significantly altered, with the farmhouse appearing to have been replaced by a newer building to the south and further new agricultural buildings to the north. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <6> Sources (1) Digital Archive: Bob Edwards (Forum Heritage Services). 2008. Historic Farmsteads and Landscape Character in Staffordshire - GIS Data. 250827 (2) Cartographic: William Yates (The Staffordshire Record Society). 1775/1984. A Map of the County of Stafford - by William Yates. (3) Other Report: Bill Klemperer, Ann Ross and Janet Askey (Staffordshire County Council). 2003. Historic Landscape Assessment Project: The Enclosure Acts of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Ogley Hay (1839) (4) Cartographic: David and Charles (Publisher). 1970. Ordnance Survey 1834-1836 1" Maps. Sheet 42 - Lichfield (5) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1875-1890. Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 6" Maps. (6) Aerial Photograph: 2006-2010. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 2006-2010. 2010
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0625 0617 (82m by 98m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 57117 Active zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 41 PRN Number 57117 - MST21228 Site Name Warrenhouse Farm, Barracks Lane, Brownhills
Ratings and Scorings Farmstead Alterations New Sheds on 12/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Side Staffordshire. Farmstead Priority Medium 12/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Staffordshire. Farmstead Survival Altered 12/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Significant Staffordshire.
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 42 PRN Number 57118 - MST21229 Site Name Springhill Farm, Lichfield Road, Springhill, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 57118 - MST21229 Springhill Farm, Lichfield Road, Springhill, Monument Hammerwich An isolated farmstead laid out around a regular courtyard with attached farmhouse. The farmstead was probably established in the early 19th century and is still extant, although the outbuildings may have now been converted for residential use.
Monument Types and Dates FARMSTEAD (Established, (between) INDUSTRIAL - 1800 AD to 1834 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EXTANT BUILDING REGULAR COURTYARD PLAN (Established, (between) INDUSTRIAL - 1800 AD to 1834 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EXTANT BUILDING
Description and Sources Description An isolated farmstead laid out around a reguklar courtyard with attached farmhouse. (HP, 12-Mar-2014) <1>
The farmstead first appears on the 1830s 1" Ordnance Survey and was probably established around this time in association with the reorganisation and enclosure of the landscape. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <2> <3>
The farmstead is still extant, although the outbuildings may have been converted for residential use. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <4> Sources (1) Digital Archive: Bob Edwards (Forum Heritage Services). 2008. Historic Farmsteads and Landscape Character in Staffordshire - GIS Data. HBB Number: 250828 (2) Cartographic: David and Charles (Publisher). 1970. Ordnance Survey 1834-1836 1" Maps. Sheet 42 - Lichfield (3) Other Report: Bill Klemperer, Ann Ross and Janet Askey (Staffordshire County Council). 2003. Historic Landscape Assessment Project: The Enclosure Acts of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Ogley Hay (1839) (4) Aerial Photograph: 2006-2010. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 2006-2010. 2010
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0687 0553 (82m by 84m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 57118 Active Ratings and Scorings Farmstead Alterations Converted 12/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Buildings Staffordshire. Farmstead Priority Low 12/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Staffordshire. Farmstead Survival Extant 12/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Staffordshire. zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 43 PRN Number 57118 - MST21229 Site Name Springhill Farm, Lichfield Road, Springhill, Hammerwich
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 44 PRN Number 57121 - MST21232 Site Name The Beeches (Farm), Pouk Lane, Springhill, Wall
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 57121 - MST21232 The Beeches (Farm), Pouk Lane, Springhill, Wall Monument An isolated farmstead laid out around a regular U-plan courtyard. The farmstead was probably established in the early 19th century and is still extant, although with some minor losses.
Monument Types and Dates FARMSTEAD (Established, (between) INDUSTRIAL - 1800 AD to 1834 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EXTANT BUILDING REGULAR COURTYARD U PLAN (Established, (between) INDUSTRIAL - 1800 AD to 1834 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EXTANT BUILDING
Description and Sources Description An isolated farmstead laid out around a regular, U-plan courtyard with attached farmhouse. (HP, 12-Mar-2014) <1>
The farmstead is not shown on William Yates map of 1775 but is marked on the 1" 1830s Ordnance Survey mapping and was probably established in association with the reorganisation and enclosure of the landscape in the early 19th century. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <2> <3> <4>
The farmstead is still extant, although with some minor loss to its original layout plan. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <5> Sources (1) Digital Archive: Bob Edwards (Forum Heritage Services). 2008. Historic Farmsteads and Landscape Character in Staffordshire - GIS Data. HBB Number: 250839 (2) Cartographic: William Yates (The Staffordshire Record Society). 1775/1984. A Map of the County of Stafford - by William Yates. (3) Cartographic: David and Charles (Publisher). 1970. Ordnance Survey 1834-1836 1" Maps. Sheet 42 - Lichfield (4) Other Report: Bill Klemperer, Ann Ross and Janet Askey (Staffordshire County Council). 2003. Historic Landscape Assessment Project: The Enclosure Acts of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Ogley Hay (1839) (5) Aerial Photograph: 2006-2010. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 2006-2010. 2010
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0753 0549 (66m by 59m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Wall, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 57121 Active Ratings and Scorings Farmstead Alterations Not Applicable 12/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Staffordshire. Farmstead Priority Medium 12/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Staffordshire. zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 45 PRN Number 57121 - MST21232 Site Name The Beeches (Farm), Pouk Lane, Springhill, Wall
Farmstead Survival Altered 12/03/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Staffordshire.
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 46 PRN Number 57146 - MST21257 Site Name Crane Brook House (Farm), Watling Street, Muckley Corner, Hammerwich PRN Number Site Name Record Type 57146 - MST21257 Crane Brook House (Farm), Watling Street, Muckley Monument Corner, Hammerwich An isolated farmstead laid out around a regular L-plan courtyard with detached farmhouse and additional detached outbuildings. The farmstead was probably established in the late 18th or early 19th century and is still extant, although with some new sheds added to the west.
Monument Types and Dates FARMSTEAD (Built, (between) INDUSTRIAL to Victorian - 1800 AD? to 1899 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING Regular Courtyard Plan (Built, (between) INDUSTRIAL to Victorian - 1800 AD? to 1899 AD)
Description and Sources Description An isolated farmstead laid out around a regular L-plan courtyard with detached farmhouse and additional detached elements. (HP, 18-Mar-2014) <1>
The farmstead is not shown on William Yates map of 1775 but is marked on the 1830s 1" Ordnance Survey map, indicating that it was probably established in the late 18th or early 19th century. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <2> <3>
The farmstead is still extant. Some new, larger scale agricultural buildings have been added to the west of the original ranges. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <4> Sources (1) Digital Archive: Bob Edwards (Forum Heritage Services). 2008. Historic Farmsteads and Landscape Character in Staffordshire - GIS Data. 250834 (2) Cartographic: William Yates (The Staffordshire Record Society). 1775/1984. A Map of the County of Stafford - by William Yates. (3) Cartographic: David and Charles (Publisher). 1970. Ordnance Survey 1834-1836 1" Maps. Sheet 42 - Lichfield (4) Aerial Photograph: 2006-2010. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 2006-2010. 2010
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0757 0654 (108m by 53m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 57146 Active Ratings and Scorings Farmstead Alterations New Sheds on 18/01/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Side Staffordshire. Farmstead Priority High 18/01/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Staffordshire. Farmstead Survival Extant 18/01/2014 A assessment of farmstead character and survival in Staffordshire.
Related Monuments - None Recorded zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 47 PRN Number 57146 - MST21257 Site Name Crane Brook House (Farm), Watling Street, Muckley Corner, Hammerwich Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 48 PRN Number 57456 - MST21567 Site Name Field Boundary and Possible Palisade Trenches, Hammerwich PRN Number Site Name Record Type 57456 - MST21567 Field Boundary and Possible Palisade Trenches, Monument Hammerwich A number of features of possible archaeological origin, identified and investigated in 2009 and 2010 during field work associated with and subsequent to the recovery of the Staffordshire Hoard. Archaeological excavation (following geophysical survey) identified that many of the features were in fact of geological origin. The earliest feature possibly dated is a medieval field boundary, although two possible palisade trenches may pre-date the medieval (and even the Roman period). No further Anglo-Saxon gold or silver was recovered during the investigation with the only significant finds being a piece of worked flint and a sherd of medieval pottery.
Monument Types and Dates DITCH (Unknown date) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT GULLY (Unknown date) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT NATURAL FEATURE (Unknown date) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT POST HOLE (Unknown date) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT FIELD BOUNDARY (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD? to 1485 AD?) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT PALISADE DITCH ((pre) MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD? to 1485 AD?) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT PLOUGH MARKS (Victorian to Post-War - 1900 AD to 1999 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT POST HOLE (Victorian to Post-War - 1900 AD to 1999 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT
Description and Sources Description A geophysical survey and archaeological excavation was undertaken in July-August 2009 in the field where the Staffordshire Hoard was found. The geophysical survey identified a curvilinear ditch-like feature located near the focus of the hoard findspot. The anomaly was recorded for a maximum length of 100 metres. A mainly straight feature was also recorded which appeared to correlate with the line of historic field boundary identified on 1st Edition Ordnance Survey mapping. As mapped, this boundary changed course to a northerly direction in the vicinity of the curvilinear anomaly which may indicate that the two features were associated. Other weakly magnetic anomalies were interpreted as possible pit-type responses. Some of the recorded anomalies may reflect recent agricultural activity, most notably east-west aligned linear trends thought to represent the former direction of ploughing across the field. The main archaeological excavation was concentrated on the focus of the hoard findspot, with three additional test pits excavated to investigate the anomalies identified during the geophysical survey. Evidence for plough scars were identified cutting the natural subsoil across the main excavated area. A possible ditch aligned north-west to south-east was recorded in the extreme south-western corner of the excavation area, which was extended to the west to allow the full profile of the feature to be investigated. The possible ditch was cut into the natural subsoil and measured a maximum of 1.5 metres in width and 0.40 metres in depth. It was cut to a very irregular profile with a primary fill of orange-red sand-silt with a basal lens of orange-red silt thought to represent an episode of weathering of the possible ditch sides. The primary fill was sealed by a deposit of dark grey-brown silt-sand. The possible feature corresponded in alignment (if not position) with the curvilinear geophysical survey anomaly. Due to the limited nature of the investigation of this feature (comprising a single had-excavated slot only 0.3 metres wide), any interpretation as an anthropogenic feature should be treated as provisional. The other excavated features included two possible post holes, and a gully. One post hole measured 0.14 metres in diameter, but only 0.01 metres in depth and was filled with a light-mid grey sand-clay. It is considered possible that this 'feature' may represent nothing more than a slight localised dip in the surface of the natural subsoil. The gully was aligned roughly north-south and was recorded for a maximum distance of 5 metres towards the south of the area investigated. The gully was cut through the possible ditch feature and into the natural subsoil. The gully has a U-shaped profile and measured a maximum of 0.65 metres wide and 0.22 metres deep. It was filled with orange-red sandstone rubble and sand. One hand- excavated segment of the same feature was cut to a stepped profile, measuring up to 0.5 metres in depth and 0.45 metres in width. It is possible that this segment could represent a post hole cut through the gully rather than an enlarged section of the feature, although this could not be determined due to later disturbance by a later post-hole. This post hole was circular on plan and measured 0.4 metres in diameter and 0.10 metres in depth. It was filled with a dark grey-black silt-sand similar in composition to the ploughsoil and was thought to be of probable modern origin. All the features or possible features were sealed by a layer of ploughsoil up to 0.28 metres deep. No artefacts were zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 49 PRN Number 57456 - MST21567 Site Name Field Boundary and Possible Palisade Trenches, Hammerwich recovered from any of the features or possible features. Three test pits were also excavated to investigate the possible pit-like anomalies identified during the geophysical survey. No features or possible features were identified within any of the test pits however and no finds were recovered during their hand-excavation. Stratigraphically the earliest feature identified was the possible ditch. This feature followed the same alignment as the curvilinear feature identified during the geophysical survey, although the excavated feature was displaced by approximately 5 metres to the south of the anomaly. The excavated profile of the ditch was markedly irregular which might suggest that it was not an anthropogenic feature. Alternatively it could have formed a quarry ditch. Post-dating the back-filled ditch was the undated gully with possible associated post hole or deeper section which in turn was cut by a more recent post hole feature. The curvilinear anomaly has been suggested to 'describe' the south-western quadrant of an oval feature, its long axis aligned north-west to south-east, following the orientation of the natural ridge upon which the hoard was found. The other distinct geophysical survey anomaly has been interpreted as a historic field boundary as depicted on 19th century Ordnance Survey mapping, which shows the feature curving to the north towards the northern boundary of the field adjoining the A5 (Watling Street). It is possible that this change in direction could indicate that the field boundary was diverted from its course along the brow of the ridge in order to respect an adjoining feature partly defined by the curvilinear anomaly. If this is the case it is suggested that this could mean that the field boundary is later in date than the curvilinear anomaly and also that the anomaly may have been represent by an above ground earthwork such as a mound, visible (and avoided) when the field boundary (or earlier boundary on the same alignment) was laid out. (SB, 10-Apr-2014) <1> <2>
Further evaluation work, including geophysical survey, five trial trenches and a series of test pits, was undertaken in March 2010 in the field where the Staffordshire Hoard was recovered. Resistivity survey (to complement the magnetometry survey undertaken in 2009) identified a range of anomalies including possible linear, curvilinear and pit-like features. There was also a good correlation between the resistivity survey and the results of the earlier magnetometry survey, with both highlighting the historic field boundary and the curvilinear feature. The trial trenching and test pits were targeted on the geophysical anomalies to determine there nature and survival. The first trench was located to intercept two possible south-west to north-east aligned anomalies and a pit-like feature. Excavation revealed a possible gully aligned north-east to south-west which measured 0.90 metres in width by 0.10 metres deep. It was back-filled with light grey silt-sand. The composition of the fill suggested the feature may be of natural origin, although a single worked flint was recovered from the fill. The possible gully corresponded with the position of the linear anomaly identified by the geophysical survey, while the possible pit-like feature was determined to be of geological origin. A second trench was located to investigate the curvilinear anomaly identified by both the magnetometer and resistivity surveys and during the earlier archaeological work to recover the hoard, and also possible pit-like anomaly. Both the pit-like feature and the curvilinear feature were determined to be of geological rather than archaeological origin. Evidence for a shallow gully or plough furrow was recorded in the trench, comprising a linear feature 0.70 metres wide and 0.20 metres deep and containing a grey-brown silt-sand fill. The third trench was targeted to locate one curvilinear and two linear geophysical anomalies. Within this trench a mainly north-east to south-west aligned 'palisade' trench was identified. This feature appeared to have been dug in sections with slight changes in angle. The whole visible length of the feature was had excavated and was identified to have been cut to a steep-sided, U-shaped profile measuring 0.50 metres wide ad 0.45 metres deep. The base of the palisade trench was backfilled with a mottled grey and pale brown sand-silt and had been partly truncated by a probable north-south aligned plough furrow. The palisade trench and plough furrow were recorded as resistivity anomalies, however the curvilinear anomalies also identified by resistivity were not located within this trench. A fourth trench was targeted on a large pit-like anomaly. The excavation of the trench revealed that the anomaly was of geological origin, being created by gravel subsoil rather than a feature of archaeological origin. The final trench was excavated to located a curvilinear anomaly on a north-west to south-east orientation and a second, broad curvilinear anomaly along the same alignment and located immediately to the east of the first. A north-west to south- east aligned palisade trench was recorded within the evaluation trench. The feature measured 0.90 metres wide and 0.30 metres deep, with quite steeply sloping sides and cut to a ‘U’-shaped profile and was backfilled with mid grey-brown silt clay- sand. Immediately to the north-east of this a ditch following a north-west to south-east alignment was also recorded. The ditch measured approximately 4.00 metres in width with a maximum depth of 0.40 metres. The ditch had an irregular profile and was backfilled with silt-sand. The two features corresponded with the geophysical survey anomalies and it is considered that the wider of the two represents a former field boundary. It is considered possible that the palisade trench pre-dates the field boundary. The evaluation revealed that many of the features identified by geophysical survey in this area are of geological rather than archaeological origin. One possible gully feature did contain a piece of worked flint although it is considered that this might be residual or intrusive. Although the large curvilinear feature identified during investigations in 2009 is now determined to be of geological origin, it is suggested that this difference in geology could have promoted growth of different vegetation. This distinction in vegetation types may have been noticeable above ground and could have created a prominent landscape feature. If the Staffordshire Hoard was buried with a view to its later recovery, it is suggested that this site could have been chosen because a change in vegetation may have made the spot easier to rediscover. Possibly the earliest features identified on the site are two palisade trenches, neither of which contained any datable pottery. One of these palisade trenches contained a number of possible post hole or stake hole impressions in its base which could suggest the features contained a fence. The absence of Roman artefacts from within their fills could perhaps indicate a pre- Roman date. A post-Roman date is also a possibility, although it is considered that this area was probably waste land in the Anglo-Saxon period. It is notable that these features are located away from the crest of the ridge, which may indicate that there location was sheltered from westerly winds. It is possible that the palisade trenches belonged to a farmstead, although the absence of supporting evidence makes this interpretation highly speculative. No evidence for Roman activity was recovered which could be considered surprising given the proximity of the field to zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 50 PRN Number 57456 - MST21567 Site Name Field Boundary and Possible Palisade Trenches, Hammerwich Watling Street Roman road (A5). No further finds of Anglo-Saxon treasure were recovered during the evaluation suggesting that the findspot was concentrated and that all items were successfully recovered during the recovery work in July and August 2009. No features or possible features which could be associated with the treasure were identified in either the 2009 or 2010 investigations, although this is not considered surprising given the nature of the hoard, which was probably buried for later recovery or for symbolic purpose. Probably the most recent feature investigated during the evaluation was the curvilinear field boundary. A small sherd of medieval pottery was recovered from the feature and, if not intrusive, could indicate that the field boundary is of medieval origin. It has been suggested that the field boundary deviated from its original course to respect an above-ground feature (now no longer extant) in the approximate area around the hoard findspot. (SB, 10-Feb-2014) <3> <4> Sources (1) Excavation Report: Birmingham Archaeology and Vista. 2010. Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Recovery (Phase 1 - July to August 2009) - Report. Pages 7-8 and Pages 10-11 (2) Photographic: Birmingham Archaeology and Vista. 2009. Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Recovery (Phase 1 - July to August 2009) - Photographs. (3) Evaluation Report: Bob Burrows and Alex Jones (Birmingham Archaeology). 2010. The Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Evaluation 2010 - (Phase 2 - March 2010) - Report. (4) Photographic: Birmingham Archaeology and Vista. 2010. The Staffordshire Hoard Archaeological Evaluation 2010 - (Phase 2 - March 2010) - Photographs.
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0639 0639 (419m by 206m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 57456 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Associated Finds FST5579 SHERD (6-10) (Norman to Victorian - 1200 AD to 1899 AD) POTTERY FST5580 WORKED OBJECT (1) (Early Neolithic to Late Iron Age - 4000 BC? FLINT to 42 AD?) FST5581 SLAG (Small quantity) (INDUSTRIAL to Post-War - 1800 AD to 1999 BONE, STONE, CHARCOAL AD) Associated Events/Activities EST2424 The archaeological excavation and recovery of the Staffordshire Hoard (Phase 1 - July to August 2009) (Event - Intervention. Ref: Project No. BA 1971) EST2425 An archaeological evaluation on the site of the Staffordshire Hoard (Phase 2 - March 2010). (Event - Intervention. Ref: Project No. BA 1971) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 51 PRN Number 58251 - MST22118 Site Name Site of Roman Aisled Building and other Features, West of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich PRN Number Site Name Record Type 58251 - MST22118 Site of Roman Aisled Building and other Features, Monument West of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich A number of Roman features identified during archaeological work associated with the construction of the M6 Toll to the west of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich. The features included an aisled building, probably used to store crops, a well, a field system and a single cremation burial. The limited pottery finds suggested the site was domestic in nature and may indicate the presence of a villa in the wider landscape.
Monument Types and Dates BOUNDARY DITCH (ROMAN - 43 AD to 149 AD?) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT DITCH (ROMAN - 43 AD to 149 AD?) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT FIELD BOUNDARY (ROMAN - 43 AD to 149 AD?) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT FIELD SYSTEM (ROMAN - 43 AD to 149 AD?) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT PIT (ROMAN - 43 AD to 149 AD?) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT CINERARY URN (ROMAN - 43 AD to 409 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT CREMATION (ROMAN - 43 AD to 409 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT PIT (ROMAN - 43 AD? to 409 AD?) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT POST HOLE (ROMAN - 43 AD? to 409 AD?) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT STRUCTURE (ROMAN - 43 AD? to 409 AD?) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT WELL (ROMAN - 43 AD to 409 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT AISLED BUILDING (ROMAN - 150 AD to 199 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT BARN? (ROMAN - 150 AD to 199 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT GULLY (ROMAN - 150 AD to 199 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT PIT (ROMAN - 150 AD to 199 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT POST HOLE (ROMAN - 150 AD to 199 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT VILLA? (ROMAN - 150 AD to 199 AD?) Evidence CONJECTURAL EVIDENCE
Description and Sources Description A number of features of Romano-British date were identified during an archaeological excavation at Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich during the construction of the M6 Toll Road along the route of the M6 Toll (undertaken at some time between 2001 and 2003). Pit: Stratigraphically the earliest feature of Romano-British date was an oval or circular pit with a bowl-shaped profile, the upper fill of which contained a small quantity of burnt small mammal bones. The pit was truncated on its north-western and north- eastern sides by later ditches. zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 52 PRN Number 58251 - MST22118 Site Name Site of Roman Aisled Building and other Features, West of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich Field System: A group of ditches forming part of a rectilinear arrangement of field or paddock boundaries were also recorded. The (excavated) extent of the field system was defined by two roughly parallel ditches aligned north-east to south-west and lying some 70 metres apart. Five sherds of black-burnished ware and the rim of a jar in an oxidised fabric broadly datable to the 2nd century were recovered from the fill of one of these ditches. The area between the ditches was sub-divided by another similarly aligned feature, although this had been severely truncated by post-Roman ploughing. A further ditch extended from this at a right angle heading south-east, although this too had been substantially truncated at its north-western end. The north-west to south-east aligned ditch appears to have been re-cut at some point. An assemblage of early to mid-2nd century pottery was also recovered from its fill at the south-eastern end and it is possible that the dumping of this material into the ditch may have been associated with its deliberate back-filling to accommodate the construction of a later, aisled building (see below). A series of largely undated boundary ditches with distinctly different fills also crossed this area, cutting the 2nd century ditches discussed above. Although these features remain undated they do not appear on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey mapping of 1887-1888 and do follow similar alignment to the earlier north-east to south-west ditch features perhaps indicating some form of relationship between them. It is possible that the system of ditched boundaries may have continued to the south-east where a further linear ditch feature was recorded, although on slightly different north-west to south-east alignment. This ditch also contained pottery of 2nd century date. Aisled Building: In the central area of excavation a large aisled building was constructed over the south-east part of the back-filled boundary ditch (discussed above). The building was post-built, surviving as four rows of post holes overall measuring almost 30 metres north-west to south-east and 10 metres north-east to south-west and forming a structure of 10 bays. The two inner rows of post holes lay circa 6 metres apart and probably bore the greater part of the weight of the building's superstructure. The two outer rows of post holes were smaller and probably supported the outer walls of the building. The south-eastern end of the building appears to have been open, while the central large post hole at the north-west end (plus additional outer post holes) indicate that this end was closed. The post holes were generally square on plan, with rounded corners (although some were nearly circular). The substantial size of the post holes (the inner ones measuring up to 1.45 metres wide and averaged over 1 metre deep) gives some indication of the scale of the building. Post pipes preserved within the majority of the of post holes showed that the timbers which they held were round in section and 0.20-0.40 metres in diameter. In three of the post holes water-logging has preserved fragments of wood from the bases of the posts which were identified as mature oak. Two of the post holes at the mid point of the south-western side both contained twin posts, which appear to have been deliberately inserted at the same time (rather than representing replacement of an old or damaged post). The reason for this arrangement is, however, unclear. A single post holes also had evidence for a post-pad formed of several flattish stones. Also along the mid-point of the south-western side was evidence for a large, kidney-shaped pit (lying outside the line of the outer post holes). The pit had an irregular profile and contained a greyish brown silty fill from which 33 sherds from the body and base of a jar and a single sherd from a second vessel (dating to the second half of the 2nd century) were recovered. A similar feature in an equivalent position was also identified on the other side of the building. The post holes along the north-western end wall were considerably shallower than elsewhere in the structure and there was also evidence for repair in this part of the building with some post holes appearing to have been replaced. No floor surfaces or other features associated with the use of the building were identified, except for a single, clay-lined gully aligned north-east to south-west. The sides and base of the gully were lined with light grey clay (interpreted as possible waterproofing for a drain) and it contained a fill of black, charcoal-rich soil, the well-preserved charcoal component being dominated by oak roundwood, possibly derived from coppiced trees. The building appears to have been deliberately demolished, with evidence for the digging-out and deliberate removal of some of the posts and the post holes back-filled. It is suggested that where evidence for posts survived within the post holes that these may have been sawn off at ground level and the stumps left to rot in situ. Pottery recovered from the packing and post pipes of the post holes suggested that the building dated from the middle of the 2nd century. A small group of sherds was also recovered from the demolition related back-filling of the post holes after the removal of the posts also dated to a similar period indicating that the building may have been relatively short-lived or perhaps that this pottery was residual. Well: A stone-lined well was recorded circa 10 metres north-east of the aisled building. The construction cut for the well was roughly square and measured 2.7 metres across. The lining was well constructed from blocks of pale brown sandstone which had been roughly worked and shaped to fit the diameter of the shaft. The inner face of the stone work had been stained a reddish hue as a result of weathering. Excavation of the upper 1 metre of well recorded three layers of greyish- brown sand from which a small quantity of undiagnostic Romano-British pottery was recovered. The lower half of the well was half-sectioned by machine, which revealed that it was 2.5 metres deep and filled with a homogenous deposit of grey sand which, although wet, contained no waterlogged remains. Cremation: An urned cremation burial in a bowl-shaped grave was identified circa 20 metres north-west of the aisled building. The grave was 0.4 metres in diameter but had been substantially truncated by post-Roman ploughing and survived to a depth of only 0.07 metres. It contained a deposit of cremated bone probably representing a sub-adult/adult aged over 13 years. Also recovered from the grave were 13 sherds of pottery representing the lower part of a grey ware vessel which clearly must have served as the urn for the cremated bone. The grave contained very little charcoal or charred plant remains indicating that the bone had been carefully picked out of the pyre debris for reburial. Other Romano-British Features: A small number of other features of definite or presumed Romano-British date were also recorded including a pit to the south- zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 53 PRN Number 58251 - MST22118 Site Name Site of Roman Aisled Building and other Features, West of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich west of the aisled building (which may have been deliberately back-filled) and a pair of post holes circa 65 metres from the aisled building. The two post holes lay circa 2 metres apart and are considered likely to represent the partial remains of single structure (the rest of which may have lain beyond the adjacent edge of excavation). The fills of both post holes produced fragments of undiagnostic fired clay, but no datable artefacts. Discussion: The use of the site in the Romano-British period began with the establishment of a system of rectilinear field or paddock enclosures. These are unlikely to have been established prior to the 2nd century as no diagnostically earlier pottery was recovered. A post built aisled building was subsequently constructed partly over the back-field ditches of the enclosure system. Evidence for the recutting of one of the boundary ditches does however indicate that the enclosures may have continued in use in a slightly altered form after the construction of the aisled building. The aisled building appears to have been constructed some time after the middle of the 2nd century AD, although how long it was in use for remains uncertain. No floor surfaces associated with the building were preserved and the internal gully contained no dating evidence. The pottery derived from contexts associated with the demolition of the building is of similar date to that associated with its construction, so either the building was in use for only a very short period or, more likley, this material was residual. It is therefore considered that the period of use for the building is effectively open-ended. The presence of a gully within the building is not particularly helpful in defining its function, while the small size of the pottery assemblage and that fact that it could not be demonstrably be associated with the buildings use means that it also could not be used in identifying the use of the building. The size of the assemblage and the lack of any obviously domestic artefacts suggests that the building did not have a domestic function and this is strengthened by the lack of any subdivision into rooms and the lack of decorative embellishments such as wall plaster or tiles. It is therefore suggested that the most likley function of the building would have been as a barn with bays created by its aisled construction serving as separate storage areas. It is considered unlikely that this building would have stood in isolation, probably forming part of a larger site as indicated by cropmarks, although much of the identified cropmark evidence lacked enough definition to provide details of what the wider landscape may have comprised. The most likely interpretation is that the features recorded represent part of a villa complex, although none of the major components of such a complex have as yet been identified. The site is consistent with other known villas in Staffordshire in its location relatively close to a major road and in terms of its 2nd century construction date. Although a military interpretation is also an alternative it is suggested to be unlikely that a further military depot would have been established in such proximity to the existing base at Wall (Letocetum). In addition the pottery assemblage seems more typical of a civilian rural settlement than a military one. Despite the general non-domestic character of the aisled building, suggested by the paucity of finds, the ceramic assemblage consisted largely of vessels associated with dining rather than those associated with cooking and food preparation. The use of samian ware, beakers, flagons and amphora suggest the occupants had (adopted) Roman dining habits and a status above that of people in other rural settlements in the area. The presence of such material in the fills of the field system ditches indicates that this status had already been established by the time the aisled building was constructed. It also underlines the fact that, while indicative of the character of the site, the material does not provide evidence relating to use of the building itself. Although the dating evidence is limited the pottery suggests that, in this part of the complex at least, activity probably did not extend beyond the late 2nd century. (SB, 18-June-2015) <1> Sources (1) Bibliographic reference: Oxford Wessex Archaeology (Andrew B Powell, Paul Booth, A P Fitzpatrick and A D Crockett. 2008. The Archaeology of the M6 Toll 2000-2003: Oxford Wessex Monograph No. 2. Pages 62-78
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0689 0625 (199m by 189m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 58251 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 54 PRN Number 58251 - MST22118 Site Name Site of Roman Aisled Building and other Features, West of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich
Associated Events/Activities EST2477 An archaeological excavation to the west of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich (M6 Toll Site 34) (Event - Intervention. Ref: Site 34) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 55 PRN Number 58285 - MST22152 Site Name Road Surface, Watling Street, Hammerwich
PRN Number Site Name Record Type 58285 - MST22152 Road Surface, Watling Street, Hammerwich Monument The remains the agger (road surface), possible kerb and roadside ditch to Watling Street Roman road, identified during archaeological excavations along the route of the M6 Toll at Hammerwich. Evidence for the continued use of the road into the Saxon and medieval period, its possible abandonment in the medieval period and the re-establishment of the road in the 18th century was also recorded.
Monument Types and Dates ROAD (Established, (between) ROMAN - 43 AD to 409 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT ROAD (Rebuilt, (post) POST MEDIEVAL - 1706 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT
Description and Sources Description An archaeological watching brief and excavation along the A5 (Watling Street Roman road) at just west of Wall (between Muckley Corner and Brownhills, Hammerwich) was undertaken during construction works for the M6 Toll. The excavations revealed evidence for a roadside ditch, sandy road foundation layers and a sequence of four road surfaces (two cobbled and two of modern asphalt). Evidence for possible wheel-rutting in the road surface was also observed. Only sparse dating evidence was recovered however the completeness of the sequence of deposits allowed the reasonable interpretation of the earlier cobbled surface to relate to the Romano-British period. The road surface appeared to be stratigraphically related to a roadside ditch that ran parallel to it on its north side. This early road surface is thought to represent the Roman road of Watling Street (PRN 01140) and is suggested to have been of military construction. Its agger, possibly defined by a stone kerb, and ditch, are characteristic of many other Roman roads in Britain. Evidence suggests that the road was in use for some time, potentially continuing in use into the Saxon and medieval period before falling out of use. The second cobbled surface is thought probably constructed shortly after 1706 when this stretch of Watling Street was turnpiked, an interpretation supported by the recovery of a small number of post-medieval finds from this layer. <1> Sources (1) Bibliographic reference: Oxford Wessex Archaeology (Andrew B Powell, Paul Booth, A P Fitzpatrick and A D Crockett. 2008. The Archaeology of the M6 Toll 2000-2003: Oxford Wessex Monograph No. 2. Site 41 - Pages 57-59
Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0641 0651 (10m by 58m) SK00NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Norton Canes, Cannock Chase District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 58285 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments 01140 Watling Street Roman Road Geographical
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities - None recorded
Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 56 PRN Number 58285 - MST22152 Site Name Road Surface, Watling Street, Hammerwich
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 57 PRN Number 58320 - MST22188 Site Name Iron Age Deposit, West of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich PRN Number Site Name Record Type 58320 - MST22188 Iron Age Deposit, West of Crane Brook Cottage, Monument Hammerwich A single, irregular hollow feature containing a deposit of burnt and fire-cracked quartz pebbles and charcoal, identified during archaeological excavations to the west of Crange Brook Cottage, Hammerwich during the construction of the M6 Toll. Although the function of the feature is unclear, radiocarbon dating suggests that the deposit is of Early of Mid Iron Age date.
Monument Types and Dates ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURE? (Early Iron Age to Middle Iron Age - 800 BC to 101 BC) + Sci.Date Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT Sci. Date: -660 +/- 140 RadioCarbon Date Determined: 2001- 2003 Deposit (Early Iron Age to Middle Iron Age - 800 BC to 101 BC) + Sci.Date Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT Sci. Date: -660 +/- 140 RadioCarbon Date Determined: 2001- 2003
Description and Sources Description A single irregular hollow measuring 2.7 metres by 1 metre and 0.13 metres deep. The hollow contained a single fill of burnt and fire-cracked quartz pebbles lying in a greyish-brown silty sand matrix. The fill also contained flecks of charcoal. A sample of charcoal produced a radiocarbon date of 800-520 Cal BC, although the nature of the charcoal (being oak heartwood) and the fact the date falls within the radiocarbon plateau means that the date of the deposit could be 250-300 years older (and of Early or Mid Iron Age origin). The function is unclear with deposits of fire-cracked stone indicating a possible range of activities from domestic or industrial to ritual. (SB, 18-Jun-2015) <1> Sources (1) Bibliographic reference: Oxford Wessex Archaeology (Andrew B Powell, Paul Booth, A P Fitzpatrick and A D Crockett. 2008. The Archaeology of the M6 Toll 2000-2003: Oxford Wessex Monograph No. 2. Pages 62, 72 and 78
Location National Grid Reference SK 0694 0622 (point) SK00NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded
Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 58320 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded
Related Monuments - None Recorded
Finds - None recorded
Associated Events/Activities EST2477 An archaeological excavation to the west of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich (M6 Toll Site 34) (Event - Intervention. Ref: Site 34) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 58 PRN Number 58320 - MST22188 Site Name Iron Age Deposit, West of Crane Brook Cottage, Hammerwich
zMonFullWithDesigLegDe Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 59
Appendix 5: SHER Listed Buildings Report
Staffordshire County Council Historic Environment Record Designation Full Report 18/06/2015 Number of records: 4
DesigUID: DST4977 Type: Listed Building Status: Active List Entry No. LBSUID Volume/Map/Item 1038850 272647 1908/5/35 Name: Church of St John the Baptist Grade: II Date Assigned: 15/01/1988 Amended: Revoked: Legal Description Parish church. 1873-83 by Newman and Billing. Rock faced random coursed sandstone; tiled roofs; verge parapets; west steeple, nave, apse and north aisle. Early English style. Steeple: of 3 stages with clasping buttresses, the tower is set-in to bell chamber level with corbelled eaves, broach spire and lucarnes. Pointed, paired bell chamber openings; triple, pointed west window over pointed west door. An octagonal stair turret is embedded into south east angle with the nave which has corbelled eaves of three bays of paired, pointed windows divided by two stage buttresses. Apse, only marginally lower than nave, two short bays to sides and 3- sided east end all with trefoil headed lancets; two light east window under gablet. Aisle: pent, paired pointed windows and vestry set against tower. Curatorial Notes Designating Organisation: Department for Culture, Media and Sport
Location Grid Reference: SK 0700 0736 (point) Map sheet: SK00NE Area (Ha): 0.00 Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Postal Addresses - None recorded Listed Building Addresses Church Lane, (East side)
Sources Designation Record: Department of the Environment. Ongoing. Listed Buildings of Special Architectural or Historical Importance (Green and Blue Backs). Volume Number 1908
Associated Monuments 01090 Building: Church of St John the Baptist, Hammerwich
Additional Information List Locality: List Parish: List District: PDNPA UID: Group Value: Upload Date: 15/11/2005
DesigUID: DST4978 Type: Listed Building Status: Active List Entry No. LBSUID Volume/Map/Item 1374258 272648 1908/5/36 Name: Hammerwich House Farm Grade: II Date Assigned: 15/01/1988 Amended: Revoked: Legal Description Farmhouse. Early C19. Red brick, hipped tile roof; centre ridge stack; square plan. Two storeys and attic, two- DesignationFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 1 DesigUID: DST4978 Name: Hammerwich House Farm window front; glazing bar sashes with segmental heads; central entrance with small painted stone, segmental- roofed porch and part-glazed door. Curatorial Notes Designating Organisation: Department for Culture, Media and Sport
Location Grid Reference: SK 0685 0739 (point) Map sheet: SK00NE Area (Ha): 0.00 Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Postal Addresses - None recorded Listed Building Addresses Hall Lane, (South east side)
Sources Designation Record: Department of the Environment. Ongoing. Listed Buildings of Special Architectural or Historical Importance (Green and Blue Backs). Volume Number 1908
Associated Monuments 13676 Building: Hammerwich House Farm, Hall Lane, Hammerwich
Additional Information List Locality: List Parish: List District: PDNPA UID: Group Value: Upload Date: 15/11/2005
DesigUID: DST4981 Type: Listed Building Status: Active List Entry No. LBSUID Volume/Map/Item 1038852 272650 1908/5/38 Name: Hammerwich Place Farmhouse Grade: II Date Assigned: 15/01/1988 Amended: Revoked: Legal Description Farmhouse. Early C19. Painted brick; tiled roof; verge parapets; end stacks. Two-storey, three-window front; glazing bar sashes with segmental heads, the left hand range slightly offset; entrance under centre window with moulded surround and slight cornice over radial fanlight and 6-panel door. The house is attractively situated at the centre of a small hamlet. Curatorial Notes Designating Organisation: Department for Culture, Media and Sport
Location Grid Reference: SK 0745 0699 (point) Map sheet: SK00NE Area (Ha): 0.00 Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Postal Addresses - None recorded
DesignationFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 2 DesigUID: DST4981 Name: Hammerwich Place Farmhouse
Listed Building Addresses Hall Lane, (West side)
Sources Designation Record: Department of the Environment. Ongoing. Listed Buildings of Special Architectural or Historical Importance (Green and Blue Backs). Volume Number 1908
Associated Monuments 13677 Building: Hammerwich Place Farmhouse, Hall Lane, Hammerwich
Additional Information List Locality: List Parish: List District: PDNPA UID: Group Value: Upload Date: 15/11/2005
DesigUID: DST4979 Type: Listed Building Status: Active List Entry No. LBSUID Volume/Map/Item 1038851 272649 1908/5/37 Name: The Windmill Grade: II Date Assigned: 28/06/1973 Amended: Revoked: Legal Description Windmill. Late C18, converted to a dwelling mid C20. Rendered brickwork. Tapered circular base of 3 storeys with a range of C20 windows to north. C20 ogee roofed capping with fenestrated boarded top stage. Set prominently adjacent to the church of St. John the Baptist. Curatorial Notes Designating Organisation: Department for Culture, Media and Sport
Location Grid Reference: SK 0674 0738 (point) Map sheet: SK00NE Area (Ha): 0.00 Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District Postal Addresses - None recorded Listed Building Addresses Church Lane, (South east side)
Sources Designation Record: Department of the Environment. Ongoing. Listed Buildings of Special Architectural or Historical Importance (Green and Blue Backs). Volume Number 1908
Associated Monuments 09572 Building: The Windmill, Church Lane, Hammerwich
Additional Information List Locality: List Parish:
DesignationFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 3 DesigUID: DST4979 Name: The Windmill
List District: PDNPA UID: Group Value: Upload Date: 15/11/2005
DesignationFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 4
Appendix 6: SHER Historic Environment Character Zones
Staffordshire County Council Historic Environment Record HECZ Full Report 18/06/2015 Number of records: 3
DesigUID: DST7267 Type: Historic Environment Character Zones Status: Active HECZ No. BHECZ 12 Name: Burntwood: East of Hammerwich Date Assigned 01/02/2009 Amended: Revoked: Legal Description Summary: By the medieval period this zone was dominated by arable agriculture in the form of open fields. However, the landscape had probably supported only a small scale pastoral economy from the later prehistoric period up to the medieval period when it formed part of Cannock Forest (in the mid 12th century). During the medieval period the landscape was at least partially farmed by the local community. The focus of settlement may originally have lay near the chapel or otherwise near the junction of Hall Lane and Coppice Lane. The field system to the north of Hall Lane has been considerably impacted by the removal of field boundaries during the second half of the 20th century.
Medium or large scale development is likely to have a moderate impact upon the historic environment assets of the zone, mostly relating to the historic dispersed settlement pattern. Any development which may be planned for the zone would need to address impacts upon and potential mitigation strategies for:
· the historic dispersed nature of the settlement; how this could be retained or reflected · the impact upon the listed building · the potential for below ground archaeological deposits
Early consultation with the Cultural Heritage Team at Staffordshire County Council and the Conservation Officer at Lichfield District Council is advised.
Designations: There is one Listed Building within this BHECZ.
Archaeological Character: BHECZ 12 is likely to have been heavily wooded until at least the Bronze Age. From this period onwards this landscape probably began to be cleared of trees to support a small scale pastoral economy. However, at present little archaeological work has been carried out within the zone and consequently the nature and extent of human activity during the prehistoric to medieval period is poorly understood within this zone.
Historic Landscape: The character zone had formed part of the Royal Forest of Cannock by at least the mid 12th century. At a similar period Hammerwich had been settled although the original focus of the settlement has not been established. However, a chapel is believed to have existed on the site of the current 19th century church from the medieval period and possibly the 12th century (VCH). It may be that settlement was originally located around the church, although documentary sources suggest that there were at least two foci and by the 14th century there were three. Part of the settlement of Netherton, first recorded in 1319, may have fallen within the zone which is believed to have lain around the junction of Hall Lane and Coppice Lane. Hammerwich Hall which lies along Hall Lane, just 140m from the junction, existed by the mid 17th century. A timber framed house had formed the historic core of the property until it was demolished c.1960 to make way for a new house. The earlier history of this site is not known and it has not been established whether a medieval manor house was ever located within this zone.
Documentary sources also record that by the 14th century Hammerwich had three open fields, large hedge-less arable fields, which were farmed in rotation by the local community. The fields were ploughed as strips and each family would have had their strips scattered across the open fields so that everyone had a share of the better and poorer land. An area of open fields associated with the wider settlement of Hammerwich is located in the southern half of the zone where ridge and furrow, the ridged earthworks resulting from the method of ploughing, has also been identified on aerial photographs dating to the 1960s. Part of this area of open field may be identified with that called Chapel Field in 1381.
These open fields probably began to be enclosed from the late medieval period onwards into smaller fields through a process known as piecemeal enclosure. This was often achieved through verbal, informal agreements zHECZDesigFullRpt_wOld Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 1 DesigUID: DST7267 Name: Burntwood: East of Hammerwich between the landholders who wished to consolidate their scattered strips into a single holding. Documentary sources suggest that Chapel field was enclosed between 1634 and 1716. The historic field pattern across the zone survives reasonably well with only minimal field boundary removal or insertion during the 20th century.
The remainder of the field systems across the zone represent other early enclosures, some of which may relate to the enclosure of the formerly open fields. The field system to the north of Hall Lane is irregular in nature and may represent early assarting, the clearance of woodland to create enclosures for farmland, for pasture rather than arable purposes. The irregular nature of the field system survives but its character has been considerably impacted by the removal of hedgerows to improve arable production during the second half of the 20th century.
The settlement pattern continues to be dispersed in nature, although until the 20th century Hammerwich Hall and a property lying adjacent to the church were the only known domestic buildings. An early post medieval barn located opposite Hammerwich Hall contains re-used timbers known as crucks which suggests that they came from an older building probably within the locality. Around the turn of the 20th century a new farm was established on the north side of Hall Lane along with a new rectory, currently known as The Old Vicarage, on the south side almost opposite.
Designating Organisation Staffordshire County Council
Location Grid Reference: Centred SK 0733 0755 (1711m by 1388m) Map sheet: SK00NE Area (Ha): 125.94 Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Sources Desk Based Assessment Report: Debbie Taylor (Staffordshire County Council). 20009. Historic Environment Character Assessment - Final Report for Lichfield District Council. Desk Based Assessment Report: Debbie Taylor (Staffordshire County Council). 2009. Historic Environment Character Assessment - Lichfield - Appendix 4 - Historic Environment Character Zone Assessments - Burntwood. Pages 59-64
Old Scoring
Survival: Medium There are few known historic environment assets but the zone has not been subject to intensive disturbance from either development or quarrying.
Potential: Medium There is the potential for medieval settlement to lie within the zone at an unknown location; around the church and/or around Hammerwich Hall. The zone has not been intensively disturbed by development or quarrying. Documentation: Medium HER data and VCH.
Diversity: Low There are few known historic environment assets.
Group Association: Low There is an association with Hammerwich settlement and the field pattern to the south of Hall Lane. Amenity Value: Low The historic environment does not currently lend itself to interpretation.
Sensitivity: Medium There would be a moderate impact upon the nature of the dispersed settlement pattern and the historic field system to the south of Hall Lane.
DesigUID: DST7262 Type: Historic Environment Character Zones Status: Active HECZ No. BHECZ 7 Name: Burntwood: Hammerwich Date Assigned 01/02/2009 Amended: Revoked: zHECZDesigFullRpt_wOld Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 2 DesigUID: DST7262 Name: Burntwood: Hammerwich
Legal Description Summary: This HECZ once formed part of Cannock Forest and is likely to have been a landscape of woodland and heath land from the prehistoric period until at least the later medieval period. Hammerwich developed as small settlement with three distinct centres of occupation, although one of these, including the church, lies beyond the zone (in BHECZ 12). Arable agriculture appears to have been practised to the south of the zone by the medieval period, although it is possible that pre-medieval settlement may have existed in the area located near to the Watling Street Roman road. Certainly previously unknown settlement has been found in the wider area beyond boundary of the zone.
Medium or large scale development is unlikely to have a significant impact upon the known historic environment assets of the zone, although there is the potential for unknown assets to survive. Any development which may be planned for the zone would need to address impacts upon and potential mitigation strategies for:
· the impact upon the Listed buildings · the historic landscape around Appletree Farm · the potential for below ground archaeological deposits
Early consultation with the Cultural Heritage Team at Staffordshire County Council and the Conservation Officer at Lichfield District Council is advised.
Designations: There are four Listed Buildings lying within this BHECZ.
Archaeological Character: BHECZ 7 is likely to have been heavily wooded until at least the Bronze Age. From this period onwards this landscape probably began to be cleared of trees to support a small scale pastoral economy. This activity is likely to have resulted in the establishment of a heath land character and this probably survived within the zone until at least the later medieval period.
At the present time little archaeological work has been carried out within the zone and consequently the nature and extent of human activity during the prehistoric to medieval period is poorly understood. A flint axe was recovered from near Crane Brook to the south of the zone which has been dated to either the Neolithic or Bronze Age. It represents a casual loss and does not substantially add to our understanding of the early development of the zone.
However, Iron Age activity has been recovered in the wider area to the south of the A5. A feature was recorded as part of the archaeological investigations associated with the development of the M6 (Toll) although its function was not clear.
The A5 follows the line of the Watling Street Roman road and archaeological investigations have discovered evidence of occupation and the creation of field systems during the Roman period to the south of the zone along the line of the M6 (Toll) road. An aisled building and a stone lined well were excavated from which 2nd century pottery was recovered. The building has been interpreted as a possible agricultural building perhaps used to store grain. This may be associated with the nearby field systems believed to have been created in the 2nd century. This perhaps supports the hypothesis of the purposeful removal of woodland and heath land to create a new arable land holding.
The earliest reference to Hammerwich comes from Domesday Book (1086) which shows it belonging to the manor of Lichfield, but it is recorded as waste and no population is given. This may imply that the landscape was still dominated by woodland or heath land, but does not necessarily suggest that small scale pastoral farming was not still being carried out within the zone during the later Anglo-Saxon period.
Historic Landscape: The character zone had formed part of the Royal Forest of Cannock by at least the mid 12th century and at least part of the zone was covered by heath land and woodland; the dominance of one over the other may have fluctuated from the prehistoric period onwards.
However, a settlement had developed at Hammerwich probably by the mid 12th century and in the 1327 Lay Subsidy five people are recorded as being ‘of Overton’, which lies c.500m from the main settlement area of Hammerwich. Hammerwich’s church, which is zHECZDesigFullRpt_wOld Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 3 DesigUID: DST7262 Name: Burntwood: Hammerwich believed, was medieval in origin, lies outside of the zone to the south east. It is possible that the earliest development was located nearer the church. An area of open field has been identified to the south of the zone. These large unhedged fields were worked in common probably by the inhabitants of Hammerwich and each family farmed individual strips scattered across all the open fields. From the late medieval period onwards these open fields began to be enclosed as piecemeal enclosure. The individual farmers agreed to enclose the land between themselves creating an irregular pattern of fields.
The medieval landscape of the zone is not well understood, although heath land probably lay to the far western edge. Around Appletree Farm to the north an area of small irregular fields have been identified, which may suggest that assarting or the enclosure of heath land had taken place here at an early date and possibly by the later medieval period. The landscape to the west of Hammerwich reveals a mixed history of former heath land and an area that may possibly have formed part of an open field system, where arable was rotated with pasture. Three open fields were recorded for Hammerwich in the 14th century.
The settlement pattern was predominantly dispersed in nature with farmsteads scattered across the zone, probably not unlike the postulated settlement pattern for the earlier periods. Hammerwich came to be the central place where the church was located, but even by the late 19th century it was only a small settlement, with houses quite widely scattered along the roads. The settlement appears to have developed around a central green, which was still clear upon the first edition 6” OS map of the late 19th century and lay where the community centre now stands. This is probably the location of Middleton Green recorded from the 14th century onwards. It is possible that Overton, recorded in the 14th century, was only ever a single or a small collection of farmsteads rather than a hamlet or village. Two farms are known to have been located in Overton by the mid 19th century. A further settlement associated with Hammerwich, known as Netherton until the 19th century, lay beyond the church outside of the zone.
A dispersed linear settlement at Edial to the north of the HECZ was first recorded in the late 13th century. The current house dates to the mid 18th century, but is believed to have replaced an earlier house of 16th or 17th century date which was the centre of an estate.
The modern landscape is dominated by field systems, although the settlement of Hammerwich has more than doubled in size during the 20th century. On the whole the field systems, with the exception of those lying around Appletree Farm, have all been subject to field boundary loss during the 20th century.
Designating Organisation Staffordshire County Council
Location Grid Reference: Centred SK 0670 0785 (2720m by 2703m) Map sheet: SK00NE Area (Ha): 306.04 Administrative Areas Parish Burntwood, Lichfield District Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Sources Desk Based Assessment Report: Debbie Taylor (Staffordshire County Council). 20009. Historic Environment Character Assessment - Final Report for Lichfield District Council. Desk Based Assessment Report: Debbie Taylor (Staffordshire County Council). 2009. Historic Environment Character Assessment - Lichfield - Appendix 4 - Historic Environment Character Zone Assessments - Burntwood. Pages 28-34
Old Scoring
Survival: Medium The zone has only seen moderate disturbance but there are currently few known assets.
Potential: Medium A lack of investigation is probably the reason why few sites have been discovered. However, there is potential for earlier occupation evidence within the settled areas. Archaeological investigations along the M6 (Toll) road beyond the boundary has raised the possibility that other prehistoric or Roman sites may exist particularly in the southern part of the zone. zHECZDesigFullRpt_wOld Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 4 DesigUID: DST7262 Name: Burntwood: Hammerwich
Documentation: Medium HER data and VCH.
Diversity: Medium The zone carries a range of assets including historic settlement and associated historic landscape character, particularly to the north around Appletree Farm. Group Association: Medium The zone contains a dispersal of settlement, whose origins may date to at least the medieval period. Amenity Value: Low The historic environment does not currently lend itself to interpretation.
Sensitivity: Low In terms of the historic environment assets the zone could accommodate some development, although individual assets might be impacted.
DesigUID: DST7260 Type: Historic Environment Character Zones Status: Active HECZ No. BHECZ 5 Name: Burntwood: South of Burntwood Date Assigned 01/02/2009 Amended: Revoked: Legal Description Summary: This HECZ once formed part of Cannock Forest and is likely to have been characterised by a woodland and heath land landscape since at least the later prehistoric period. During the 19th century a rabbit warren was established, but this was replaced by a planned field system following an Act of Parliament to enclose the heath land passed in 1856. By the early 21st century much of the zone was developed as part of the M6 (Toll) road.
Medium or large scale development is unlikely to have a significant impact upon the historic environment assets of the zone. However, any development which may be planned for the zone would need to address impacts upon and potential mitigations strategies for:
· The potential for below ground archaeological deposits · The impact upon the site of the warrener’s lodge at Lamb’s Lodge farm
Early consultation with the Cultural Heritage Team at Staffordshire County Council is advised.
Designations There are no designated sites falling within this BHECZ.
Archaeological Character: The archaeological work which has been carried out with the BHECZ was undertaken in advance of the construction of the M6 (Toll) road. Information relating to the Prehistoric and Anglo-Saxon periods relates to a single findspot of a Neolithic flint waste flake. Watling street Roman road crosses briefly into the zone at its southern tip on an east-west alignment.
The overall character of the BHECZ in the late prehistoric and Roman periods is likely to have been of a heavily wooded landscape. This possibly supported a pastoral economy from the Bronze Age onwards involved in woodland clearance which resulted In the creation of areas of heath land.
The zone formed part of the Royal Forest of Cannock at the time of the Conquest and was perhaps a landscape composed of woodland, wood pasture and heath land still largely supporting a pastoral economy. However, in a couple of areas towards the south west and west of the zone areas of ridge and furrow earthworks had been identified prior to the construction of the M6 (toll). These earthworks are often evidence of medieval and later ploughing and it is possible that this land was occasionally brought into cultivation following population explosions.
Historic Landscape: The heath land landscape of the zone largely survived until the early 18th century when a rabbit warren was established around the location of the existing Lamb’s Lodge Farm, which served as the warrener’s lodge.
The rabbit warren probably survived until the mid 19th century when an Act of Parliament to enclose the heath zHECZDesigFullRpt_wOld Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 5 DesigUID: DST7260 Name: Burntwood: South of Burntwood land of Hammerwich parish was passed in 1856. This resulted in the creation of a landscape of 18th/19th century planned enclosure typified by the straight field boundaries which were laid out by surveyors in an ordered manner. The lodge appears to have survived as Lamb’s Lodge farmhouse. The planned enclosure survives well around the farm, but in other areas field boundaries have been removed probably during the second half of the 20th century.
During the 20th century sand was extracted from within the zone, to the west and south east. The quarry in the south east survived into the 21st century, but that to the west has since been developed as part of the M6 (Toll) road interchange which dominates the central part of this zone.
Designating Organisation Staffordshire County Council
Location Grid Reference: Centred SK 0520 0716 (1679m by 1451m) Map sheet: SK00NE Area (Ha): 124.34 Administrative Areas Parish Hammerwich, Lichfield District
Sources Desk Based Assessment Report: Debbie Taylor (Staffordshire County Council). 20009. Historic Environment Character Assessment - Final Report for Lichfield District Council. Desk Based Assessment Report: Debbie Taylor (Staffordshire County Council). 2009. Historic Environment Character Assessment - Lichfield - Appendix 4 - Historic Environment Character Zone Assessments - Burntwood. Pages 21-24
Old Scoring
Survival: Low The zone has been impacted quite heavily by both quarrying and road development.
Potential: Low There are few known historic assets and the zone has been impacted by development and quarrying. Documentation: Medium HER data and survey for M6 Toll road.
Diversity: Low The zone contains few sites of a similar character or age.
Group Association: Low There are few known.
Amenity Value: Low The historic environment does not currently lend itself to interpretation.
Sensitivity: Low The zone has already been considerably impacted by development and medium to large scale development would not have a significant impact. However, individual archaeological features may be impacted.
zHECZDesigFullRpt_wOld Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 6 Benchmark Archaeology is an independent archaeological organisation providing a wide range of commercial archaeological services. We are committed to ensuring that the client receives a cost-effective service, whilst maintaining the highest professional standards in archaeology.
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