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Systetn Adtninistration Tasks HP-UX Systetn Adtninistration Tasks HP 9000 Series 300 Computers HP Part Number 98594-90061 Flin- HEWLETT II.!~ PACKARD Hewlett-Packard Company 3404 East Harmony Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525 Legal Notices The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Warranty. A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your Hewlett-Packard product and replacement parts can be obtained from your local Sales and Service Office. Copyright © Hewlett-Packard Company, 1989 This document contains information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws. Restricted Rights Legend. Use, duplication or disclosure by the U.S. Government Department of Defense is subject to restrictions as set forth in paragraph (b )(3)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Software clause in FAR 52.227-7013. Use of this manual and flexible disc(s) or tape cartridge(s) supplied for this pack is restricted to this product only. Additional copies of the programs can be made for security and back-up purposes only. Resale of the programs in their present form or with alterations, is expressly prohibited. Copyright © AT&T, Inc. 1980, 1984, 1986 Copyright © The Regents of the University of California 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985 This software and documentation is based in part on the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution under license from the Regents of the University of California. Copyright © The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate 1979 This document has been reproduced and modified with the permission of the Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate. Printing History This manual printing date and part number indicate its current edition. The printing date will change when a new edition is printed. Minor changes may be made at reprint without changing the printing date. The manual part number will change when extensive changes are made. Manual updates may be issued between editions to correct errors or document product changes. To ensure that you receive these updates or new editions, you should subscribe to the appropriate product support service. See your HP sales representative for details. September 1989 ... Edition 1. 0, Release 7.0 of the HP-UX System Administration Tasks Manual Contents 1. Introduction to System Administration Finding the Chapter You Need . 1-2 Getting Information Outside This Manual 1-3 What Makes You a System Administrator 1-4 The Role of a System Administrator 1-5 Having the Prerequisite Skills 1-6 Being Away From Your Job 1-7 Using the System Administration Manager (SAM) 1-9 Running the System Administration Manager 1-10 Selecting a Menu Item 1-11 Types of SAM Screens 1-12 Types of Data Fields 1-13 Escaping to a Shell 1-14 Navigating within SAM 1-14 The Major Structure of SAM 1-17 Tips for Using SAM 1-19 An Illustrative Example of Using SAM 1-21 Prerequisites and Conditions. 1-21 Adding a User to the System (Example) . 1-21 Select the Appropriate Menu Item 1-21 A Strategy for Using SAM . 1-27 2. Constructing an HP-UX System Using the Appropriate System Run Level 2-2 Prerequisites and Conditions. 2-2 The Single-user Run Level. 2-3 Making a Recovery System 2-4 Recovering from a System Crash 2-6 Procedure for Using a Recovery System 2-7 Contents-1 Continuing When the Recovery System Does Not Work 2-8 Using Alternatives for Recovering a System 2-15 Evaluating User Needs and Configuring a System. 2-16 Providing Features the User Wants 2-17 Planning for Required Resources . 2-17 Configuring an HP-UX System. 2-18 Getting Information about Configuration 2-19 Installing and Testing Hardware . 2-20 Installing or Updating a Release of HP-UX 2-21 Installing the 7.0 Release of HP-UX 2-21 Updating to the 7.0 Release of HP-UX 2-21 Continuing According to Your Situation 2-21 Setting the System Clock . 2-22 Prerequisites and Conditions 2-22 Setting the Time Zone 2-22 Setting the Time and Date 2-24 Customizing Your System . 2-26 The Major Environment Files You Can Edit 2-27 Configuring the X11 Window System . 2-38 Networking Systems . 2-39 Hardware Prerequisites and Conditions 2-39 Software Prerequisites and Conditions . 2-40 Procedures for Setting Up Networking 2-41 Installing, Configuring, and Using Communications 2-43 Providing for System Security . 2-50 Conceptualizing Protection and Security 2-51 Password Security . 2-52 Permission and Execute Security on Files 2-52 Security for the Root User. 2-54 Some General Tips for Securing a System 2-56 Routine Tasks That Help You Maintain Security 2-57 Procedures for Setting Up a Secured or Audited System 2-58 System Accounting . .. 2-59 3. Updating HP-UX New Features in 7.0 Update . 3-2 An Overview of the Update Program 3-4 Analyzing Disk Space . 3-6 Contents-2 Dealing with Minimum Free Space Requirements 3-7 Dealing with Insufficient Disk Space 3-7 How to Free Disk Space . 3-8 Planning for an Update . 3-10 Prerequisites and Conditions for All Updates 3-10 Prerequisites and Conditions for Updating the Operating System. 3-13 Running the Update Program 3-14 Prerequisites and Conditions 3-14 Procedure . 3-14 Using the Main Menu . 3-17 Tasks to Perform after the Update 3-19 Checking the update.log File 3-21 A Guide to Troubleshooting 3-23 Configuring a Netdist Server 3-32 Checking the netdist .log File 3-36 Shutting Down the Netdist Server 3-38 Prerequisites and Conditions. 3-38 Procedure . 3-38 Adding and Updating Filesets on the N etdist Server 3-39 Checking the MAIN. pkg File. 3-40 Modifying the MAIN. pkg File 3-41 4. Starting and Stopping HP-UX Starting HP-UX . 4-2 Changing System Run Levels 4-10 Defining New System Run Levels 4-14 Shutting Down the System 4-18 Going to the Single-user State for Maintenance. 4-20 Shutting Down the System Completely . 4-21 Shutting Down the System to Activate a New Kernel 4-22 5. Managing Groups and Users Managing a G rou p . 5-2 Prerequisites and Conditions. 5-2 SAM Procedure for Managing Groups. 5-3 Manual Procedure for Creating a Group. 5-4 Manual Procedure for Changing Group Membership 5-5 Contents-3 Providing Privileged Groups . .. 5-5 Prerequisites and Conditions. .. 5-5 Manual Procedure for Establishing a Privileged Group 5-6 Adding a User Account (Local or Remote) 5-7 Prerequisites and Conditions. 5-7 SAM Procedure for Adding a User . 5-8 Manual Procedure for Adding a User . 5-9 Viewing or Modifing User Account Information 5-14 Removing a User Account .. 5-15 Prerequisites and Conditions. 5-15 SAM Procedure for Removing Users 5-16 Manual Procedure for Removing Users 5-16 Deactivating a User Account. 5-17 Prerequisites and Conditions. 5-17 SAM Procedure for Deactivating Users 5-18 Manual Procedure for Deactivating Users 5-18 Reactivating a User Account . 5-19 SAM Procedure for Reactivating a User . 5-19 Manual Procedure for Reactivating a User 5-19 6. Managing the File System Major File System Tasks ..... 6-2 File Systems Used by System Administrators 6-4 Adding or Removing a Disk Drive . 6-8 Manual Procedure for Removing Any Disk. 6-9 Planning Media Initialization 6-10 Initializing Media in HP-UX Format 6-12 Creating a LIF Volume . 6-16 Creating a File System . 6-18 Mounting or Unmounting a File System 6-24 Moving a File System onto Another Disk 6-26 Automatically Mounting/Unmounting File Systems 6-28 SAM Procedure Mounting With /etc/checklist . 6-29 Manual Procedure for Editing a Line in /etc/checklist . 6-29 Checking File System Consistency 6-32 Adding or Deleting Swap Space 6-36 Adding Dynamic Swap to a File System 6-40 Information About the Swap on Syntax and Parameters 6-43 Contents-4 Transferring Files ........ 6-44 Transferring Files via Networking. 6-46 Prerequisites and Conditions. 6-44 Transferring Files via UU CP . 6-48 Transferring Files to Systems Using the LIF Format 6-49 Transferring Files to Systems Using MS-DOS 6-53 Automating Processes (Commands). 6-56 Monitoring the File System . 6-58 Commands for Getting System Information 6-59 Determining Free Space On a Disk 6-60 HP-UX Log Directories and Files. 6-61 Enabling Long File Names. 6-62 Writing Programs In Systems Having Long File Names 6-66 Examples That Check File Name Length 6-67 Removing a Product from HP-UX 6-73 Adding or Removing an NFS File System 6-76 7. Managing the LP Spooler LP Spooler Terminology. 7-2 Setting Up the LP Spooler. 7-3 Adding a Printer to the LP Spooler . 7-6 Checking LP Spooler Status . 7-16 Controlling Spooler Operation . 7-18 Manual Procedures for Controlling Spooler Operation 7-20 SAM Procedures for Controlling Spooler Operation 7-19 Stopping the Spooler . 7-20 Starting the LP Scheduler . 7-20 Moving Print Requests . 7-20 Canceling Local Print Requests 7-21 Canceling a Remote Print Request 7-22 Removing a Printer. 7-23 Preventing Acceptance of Requests 7-23 Setting the Default Printer 7-24 Controlling Printer Priority .
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