PRACTICAL INFORMATION, ART, SCIENCE, 2.] [$3.00 Per Year

A WEEKI,Y JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION, ART, SCIENCE, MECHANICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MANUFACTURES. Vol. LVII.--No. 2.] [NEW SEllIES.] NKW YORK, JCLY 9, 1887 [$3.00 per Year. On stormy afternoon in the early part of "Feb broad stock or cross-bar prevents its fouling, the power RAISING A SUNKEN STEAMSHIP. a last Those who ha \'e had oecasion to cross the Jersey ruary, tho \Volles City steamed the Hudson Hiver of the mud to resist was not equal j;o the force of the up as City or Hoboken ferries may have noticed a collection far as Christopher Street, well over toward Jersey City, oncoming iee, and the \Velles City went drifting of nondescript craft anchored in the North River, well and dropped anchor. down stream. Directly in her track lay anchored the over toward the New J er�ey shore, yet quite distant 'I'he captain had ehosen his anchorage with an eye to iron steamer Lone Star, of the .Morgan line. StJA from it. Coming down the river or up frotH the bay, convenient delivery of earg'o rather than to good hold headed in the direction whence the \Velles City was the group looked not unlike a swarm of big flies gath ing ground, beeause, uuder ordinary conditions, there advancing, and, her crew perhaps not wide-awake nor ered about a dead beetle lying on its back with is not mueh strain on the cable� of h riding at quick enough tq slip their cables, the \Velles City carne stiff a s ip ened legs projecting up into the air. Near by, the main anehor in the smooth waters of riverway : and so it down upon the sharp iron prow of the Lone Star broad a mast of a submerged ship is readily Illade ont, and the was that when, toward daylight, a huge field of ice, side on. It cut into her side just abaft the main chan accompanying craft seen to be great box· shaped boats, having broken away, suddenly callie pounding down nels as though she had been made of cheese, and giving some of them hundred feet long, and in company a upon hilll. he was unprepared. His bower a great list, she rocked forward nd aft several times, a wholly a full-rigged schooner. The sunken vessel is the Brit anchor tore its way through the soft Illud of the bot and went to the bottom in eight fathoms of water. ish steamer 'Welles City, and the craft about her the tom and was soon afoul. The holding fluke tripped, and On the other side of the world they are content, when property of the Merritt wrecking organization, which perIllitted the anchor to fall over on to its side; and large vessel goes down in navigable waters, to take a has been engaged ill raising her. though he quickly dropped his big kedge anchor,whose (Continued on page 23.) RAISING THE STEEL S'EEAMSHIl' WELLES CITY, H UDSON RIVER, N. ¥.-PONTOONS AND SLINGS IN POSITION FOR WORK. 16 $titutifit �nttritau. ACCESSION OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE In front of each resonator will be placed two meta}lic INDUSTRIAL UNION. reeds; one rigid, the other thin and producing extended The following announcement is made in La P1'opriete oscillations with the least effort. Each of these pieces Ititntifit Industrielle, the official organ of the International of steel communicates with one pole of a battery by ESTABLISHED�mttitJu. 1845. Bureau of the Union : "From a communication ad- means of the circuit wire. When the resonator vi, MUNN & CO., Editors and Proprietors. dressed to the Federal Council of Switzerland by the brates, the thin reed oscillates, touches the other bar, PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT United States minister at Berne, the date of the acces- and the two poles of the battery being connected, an sion of the United States to the Union for the protec- electric hell rings, thus giving a signal, so that the call, No. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. tion of industrial property has been fixed for May 30, whether from ship orshore, can be recognized, while O. D. MUNN. A. E. BEACH. 1887." According to the above, the United States is now the bell of the signaling station by its sounds shows a member of the Union, and our citizens are entitled that the desired vibration or note has been produced. TERMS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. to the enjoyment_of all its benefits. The fact, we pre- -Electricite. S. C n One copy, one year. for the U. or a ada ......................... 83 00 Burne, will be soon proclaimed by the President. .. 4 • I .. One copy, six months, for the U. S. or Canada ............... .......... 1 :10 It is difficult at the present time to foresee all'the THE ECONOMICAL DISPOSITION OF PRIMARY One COPY. one year, to any foreign rountry belonging to Postal Union, 4 00 Remit by postal or express money order. results, advantageous or the contrary, that may BAT TERmS. Australia aud New Zealand.-Those who desire to receive the accrue to us from this membership. It has been very The true action of a primary galvanic battery in some SCIENTIFJC AMERICAN, for a little over one yeart may remit in current �l Colonial bank notes. Address extensively published in the daily press:that, under the of its features is not generally comprehended, even by laws of the Union, all American patentees would enjoy MUNN &; CO., 361 Broadway, corner of Franklin Street, New York. those familiar with the ordinary phenomena of elec a priority of time for Tile Scientific AlDericnn SupplelDent seven months after the date of tricity. The size of a battery, and the direct effects of their American patents, during which they could take varying it, and a distinct paper from the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. THE SUPPLEMEN T the deleterious effectsof internal resist Ie is issued week1y. Every number contains 16 octavo pages. uniform in size patents in all the several countries covered by the ance, are among the factors least grasped. .At the pre with SCIENTIFIC AMEIUCAN. Terms of Bubscription for 8UPPJ�EMENT, Union. But this is an error, as the laws of the Union sent day the error is sometimes madeof supposing that f\5.00 a year, for U. S. and Canada. $6.00a year to foreign countries belong provide for a priority of seven months, not from the the size of cell affects its electromotive inter ing to the Postal Union. Single copies, cents. Sold by all newsdealers a force, and throughout the country. lU date of the patent, but from the date of the ap plication nal resistance is often spoken of alla beneficialel ement. Rate -The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and SUPPLEMENT (;ombiocd •• for the patent. Yet if the subject be brought down to facts, the case wi11 be sent for one year, to any address in S. or Canada, on receipt of U. As the business of our patent officeis considerably in is a very clear one. The electromotive force is quite _en dollars. 'l'he safest way to remit i3 by draft, postal order, express money order. or arrears, in some classes more than seven months in ar- independent of dimensions, and a cell the size of a per registered letter. rears, in such the Union affords no benefit. In Australia and New Zenland.-The SCIENTIFH1 AMF.RICAN and cases cussion cap will produce as high electromotive force SUPPLE.:\IE"ST will be sent for a little over one year on receipt of cur other classes the arrearage is not more than two or as the largest made. "2 This, to many, sounds a truism, rent Colonial bank notes. three months. In these cases the Union will be of yet it is by no means universally realized. Hut on the Addl'ebs ,MUNN CO., Broadway, corner of Franklin Street, New York. &; 3m some benefit. subject of resistance a more firmlyfixed mi sconception Scientific Alnel'ican Export Edition. The other laws of the Union relate chieflyto trade prevails to a considerable extent. It is often asserted 'l'heSCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Export Edition is a large and splendid peri odical, issued once a month. Each number contains about one hundred marks, concerning which the protection accorded to that low resistance batteries are not wanted. The truth larllequarto pages, profusely illustrated, embracing: (1) Most of the plates the members of the Union is full and satisfactory. is that they are wanted, and that the invention of a and pages of the four preceding weekly issues of the SCIENTIFIC AMERI The following-are the present members of the Indus- non-polarizing or constant and low resistance battery with its splendid engravings and valuable information. (2) Com C1\.N. mercial, trade, and manufacturing announcements of leading houses. trial Union : Belgium, Brazil, Spain, France, Guate- would be a valuable contribution to the resources of Terms for Export Edition. $5.00 a year, sent prepaid to any part of the mala, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Salvador, the electric engineer. The source of the error on' the world. Single copies, cents. r:r Manufacturers and others who desire 50 Servia, Switzerland, Great Britain, Mexico, Sweden, subject of resistance is doubtless due to the universal to secure foreign trade may have large and handsomely displayed an nouncements published in this edition at a very moderate cost. Norway, Paraguay, Uruguay, Roumania, Tunis, the I application of Ohm's law for fixingthe number of cells Address ;\lUNN CO .• 361 Broadway, corner of Franklin Street, New York. &; United States. in a battery for g-ivenexternal resistance. In the official statement of the articles of the conven- By simple mathematical demonstrations it is proved NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JULY 9, 1887.

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