Center COMAR 13A.16.10 Safety .01 Emergency Safety Requirements. A

Center COMAR 13A.16.10 Safety .01 Emergency Safety Requirements. A. Emergency and Disaster Plan. (1) At least one center employee shall: (a) Complete emergency preparedness training that is approved by the office; and (b) As part of the approved emergency preparedness training, prepare a written emergency and disaster plan for the center. (2) The operator shall maintain the emergency and disaster plan prepared in accordance with § A(1)(b) of this regulation. (3) The emergency and disaster plan shall: (a) Establish procedures for: (i) Evacuating the center, including an evacuation route; (ii) Relocating staff and children to a designated safe site; (iii) Sheltering in place in the event that evacuation is not feasible; (iv) Notifying parents of children in care; and (v) Addressing the individual needs of children, including children with special needs; (b) Contain: (i) The name of, and contact information for the local emergency operations center; (ii) Assignment of staff responsibilities during an emergency or disaster; (iii) A list of local emergency services numbers; and (iv) The radio station call sign and frequency for the local Emergency Alert System; (c) Be practiced by staff and children at least: (i) Once per month for fire evacuation; and (ii) Twice per year for other emergency and disaster situations; and (d) Be updated at least annually. (4) A copy of the emergency escape route floor plan shall be posted in each area and room in the center. (5) Each employee shall be oriented to the contents of the written emergency and disaster plan required at §A(2) of this regulation. (6) In the event of a declared emergency, the operator shall be prepared to respond as directed by the local emergency management agency through sources of public information. (7) During an emergency evacuation or practice, a staff member shall take attendance records out of the center and determine the presence of each child currently in attendance. B. If the child care center is included within a comprehensive emergency and disaster plan, the center operator shall ensure that: (1) The comprehensive plan contents meet all emergency and disaster plan requirements set forth at §A(2)(a) and (b) of this regulation; and (2) A copy of the comprehensive plan is available to all staff. C. An operator shall post, immediately accessible to each telephone in the center, a notice stating the: (1) 9-1-1 emergency telephone number to summon fire, police, and rescue services; (2) Center's name, address, and telephone number; (3) Telephone number of the protective services unit of the local department of social services; (4) Telephone number of a poison control center; (5) Name and telephone number of the local health department or a physician to consult about issues regarding health and illnesses; (6) Name and telephone number of the available adult as required by COMAR 13A.16.08.02D(3); and (7) Telephone number of the office.

COMAR 13A.15.10 Child Safety .01 Emergency Safety. The provider or substitute shall: A. Prepare and maintain a written emergency and disaster plan that: (1) Establishes procedures for: (a) Evacuating the home, including an evacuation route; (b) Relocating children to a designated safe site; (c) Sheltering in place in the event that evacuation is not feasible; (d) Notifying parents of children in care; and (e) Addressing the individual needs of children, including children with special needs; (2) Contains: (a) The name of, and contact information for, the local emergency operations center; (b) A list of local emergency services numbers; and (c) The radio station call sign and frequency for the local Emergency Alert System (EAS); (3) Is practiced with children at least: (a) Once per month for fire evacuation purposes; (b) Twice per year for other emergency and disaster situations; (c) If overnight care is provided, at least four times per year when children in overnight care are present; and (4) Is updated at least annually; B. Post conspicuously a copy of the emergency escape route floor plan: (1) In or near the approved child care area; and (2) If overnight care is provided, in each room where a child in care is sleeping; C. Regularly orient children, who are old enough to understand, in procedures to be used in the event of a fire or other emergency requiring escape from the home; D. Train each substitute and, if applicable, the additional adult on the contents of the written emergency and disaster plan required at §B of this regulation; E. In the event of a declared emergency, be prepared to respond as directed by the local emergency management agency through sources of public information; F. During an emergency evacuation or practice, take attendance records out of the home and verify the presence of each child currently in attendance; G. Instruct children in the use of the 9-1-1 telephone number to summon help in an emergency; and H. Meet the following requirements for first aid supplies: (1) Maintain first aid supplies as the office requires in a location that is readily accessible to the areas of the home approved for child care; (2) Store first aid supplies in a manner that makes them inaccessible to children in care; and (3) Bring the first aid supplies along on any activity away from the family child care home. Emergency Preparedness Plan Sample Letter of Agreement with Emergency Evacuation Site

Letter of Agreement between (name of child care center)

and (name of emergency evacuation site)

to serve as an emergency evacuation site for child care children and staff.

Information about Child Care Facility Information about Evacuation Site

Name of facility Name of facility

Address Address

Telephone number Telephone number(s)

Name of contact person(s)

Hours of operation

Number of children and staff potentially evacuating Hours of operation

Driving directions from child care center to evacuation facility:

(Attach map with directions from child care center to evacuation facility to this agreement)

Check off items that the evacuation site will provide in an emergency:  Water  Food  Transportation  Telephone  People to assist  Other

(name of evacuation facility) agrees to serve as an emergency evacuation site for

(name of child care center)

Signatures Authorized Evacuation Site Representative Date

Child Care Center Director Date

Signed copies of this agreement should be kept on file at both the child care center and the emergency evacuation site. Emergency Preparedness Plan Sample Emergency Preparedness Letter to Parents

Give to parents every year and to new parents as they enter your program

Name of Child Care Center:

Date letter distributed:

Dear Parents,

Our child care center’s philosophy is to keep your child(ren) safe at all times when he/she is in our care. With recent world and local events, we have developed an emergency plan that will be put into place in the event that special circumstances require a different type of care. Plans for these special types of care are reviewed annually. Staff is trained in the appropriate response and local emergency management is aware of these plans. The specific type of emergency will guide where and what special care will be provided.

• Shelter at the site – This plan would be put into place in the event of a weather emergency or unsafe outside conditions or threats. In this plan, children will be cared for indoors at the center and the center may be secured or locked to restrict entry. Parents will be notified if they need to pick up their child before their regular time.

• Evacuation to another site – This plan would be put into place in the event that it is not safe for the children to remain at the center. In this situation, staff has predetermined alternate sites for care. The choice of site is determined by the specific emergency and what would be an appropriate alternate site.

• Method to contact parents – In the event of an emergency, parents will be called, a note will be placed on the door, and radio/TV stations will be alerted to provide more specific information. You can also check for information on our website www.xxxxxxxxx or call our main office at xxx-xxx-xxxx. Depending on the distance from the center, the children will walk if feasible or be transported to the alternate site.

• Emergency ends/reuniting with children – When the emergency ends, parents will be informed and reunited with their children as soon as possible. The contact methods listed above will be used to inform parents.

The purpose for sharing this information with you is not to cause you worry, but to reassure you that we are prepared to handle all types of emergencies in a way that will ensure the safety of your child(ren). In the event of an actual emergency, please do not call the center – it will be important to keep the lines open. If you have questions regarding this information, talk with the center director or your child’s teacher.

Sincerely,

(Signature of Child Care Center Director)

Signed copies of this agreement should be kept on file at both the child care center and the emergency evacuation site. HAZARD ASSESSMENT

1. Think of a natural or manmade emergency that you might have to deal with at your child care program. ______

2. Think about your physical building both inside and outside.

a. Are there things that pose a safety threat inside? ______

b. Are there things that pose a safety threat outside? ______

c. Are there natural land features which could impact safety? ______

3. What steps can you take to protect the children inside? ______

4. What steps can you take to protect the children outside? ______History of Natural Hazards Baltimore County, MD Statistics taken from “Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan” 2013

Risk Assessment The initial step in preparing new hazard mitigation strategies for Baltimore County involved the identification of various hazards and their associated risk. In 2011, the Maryland Emergency Management Agency published the Maryland State Hazard Mitigation Plan Update, which is designed to identify natural hazards common to the State as well as propose mitigation strategies to lessen the negative effects of major natural disasters and events. The State of Maryland ranked coastal flood, flood, and winter storm as ‘high’ risk for Baltimore County.

HOW ARE FLOODS A THREAT TO BALTIMORE COUNTY? There are three primary factors that contribute to flooding in Baltimore County: geography, climate, and soils. Baltimore County’s geographic location in the mid-Atlantic region, with its coastal presence on the Chesapeake Bay, and its inland terrain, make the County susceptible to coastal, riverine, and flash flooding. Events such as Hurricane Isabel produced both coastal and riverine flooding.

HISTORY OF FLOODS Tropical Storms/Hurricanes Sandy – October 2012 Tropical Storm Lee – September 2011 Irene – August 2011 Isabel – September Floyd – September 1999 Agnes – June 1972 Hurricane of 1933 Winter Storms “Snowmageddon” – February 2010 Severe Winter Storm – February 2003 Significant Severe Thunderstorms Derecho – June 2012 Storm – August 1971 Storms – July 1968 Storm – March 1936 Great Flood of 1868

HOW ARE DROUGHTS A THREAT TO BALTIMORE COUNTY? Drought has the potential to affect the environmental, economic, and social systems within Baltimore County. As the population in Baltimore County continues to grow, the demand for water will increase as more and more is consumed for residential, commercial, agricultural and industrial uses. Conversely, the water supply will remain relatively static.

HISTORY OF DROUGHT 1930-1931 1963-1966 1998-1999 2001-2002 Oct 2007 June- Aug 2012

HOW ARE TORNADOS A THREAT TO BALTIMORE COUNTY? Due to the unpredictability of tornado occurrences, it is impossible to categorize geographic areas as high or low risk areas based on the physical attributes of the landscape. A tornado can occur anywhere given the proper conditions. The only way to mitigate for this hazard event is to evaluate the existing property on the land. There are several types of areas that are particularly susceptible to high loss in the event of a tornado touchdown: mobile homes, high density housing, and structures built prior to 1940. Mobile homes, due to their lack of foundation and weak structural integrity, are at the highest risk to damage and property loss. In mobile home parks, this potential loss is compounded greatly. High density residential areas are also at risk for loss. These relatively small geographic areas contain dense housing and other properties, which mean these areas, have a greater potential for personal injury and death due to the high population densities. In addition, structures built prior to 1940 are also at significant high risk to tornado damage. Building codes and construction practices, since 1940, have vastly changed and improved the structural integrity of residential and commercial buildings. From 1990 to 2010, Maryland has averaged 9.9 tornadoes per 10,000 square miles each year.

HOW ARE THUNDERSTORMS A THREAT TO BALTIMORE COUNTY? Thunderstorms are always accompanied by lightning and have the potential to cause damage via flooding, hail, strong winds, and tornadoes. Thunderstorms pose a threat to Baltimore County because they are always accompanied by some combination of the aforementioned. Hail Events Hail is created when strong updrafts lift water droplets to such an altitude that freezing occurs. These frozen droplets are held by the updraft until they increase to such as size where the wind is no longer able to keep them suspended, at which point they fall to the ground. In general, hail is larger than sleet and only forms during a thunderstorm. Hail can be larger than a softball. Large hailstones can fall at speeds greater than 100 mph. The largest hailstone ever recorded in the U.S. was 7 inches wide.

HOW ARE WILDFIRES A THREAT TO BALTIMORE COUNTY? Wildfires are a threat to Baltimore County for two primary reasons: First, the amount of development, particularly residential, that has taken place within wooded areas has increased the number of structures. Second, wildfires have the ability to interact with other natural hazards, especially drought.

HOW ARE EARTHQUAKES A THREAT TO BALTIMORE COUNTY? The USGS estimates that several million earthquakes occur in the world each year. Many are not felt by humans or are not detected because of their small magnitude. Baltimore County is not in a geographic location that is prone to powerful or severe earthquakes; however earthquakes do affect the County. Ten earthquakes with epicenters (the central point of something) in Baltimore County have been recorded starting in 1906.

HOW ARE SINKHOLES A THREAT TO BALTIMORE COUNTY? Sinkholes, like landslides, are a form of ground movement that occur with little warning and can cause major damage. Sinkholes are common in where the rock below the land surface can naturally be dissolved by ground water circulating through them. As the rock dissolves, spaces develop underground. Sinkholes are dramatic because the land usually stays intact for a while until the underground spaces just get too big, then a sudden collapse occurs. Baltimore County is well known for its Cockeysville Marble geologic formation, characterized by its disrupted surface drainage due to loss of surface water to the subsurface. Areas that are underlain by this rock and others like it make Baltimore County susceptible to collapse sinkholes

HOW IS WINTER WEATHER A THREAT TO BALTIMORE COUNTY? Baltimore County has a long history of winter weather events that have caused property loss, personal injury, and in some cases, fatalities. Winter weather most commonly takes the form of snowfall, but it can also take the form of freezing rain, sleet, or extreme cold. These conditions may occur individually or simultaneously in any combination. Such events create dangerous travel conditions, power outages, property damage, and other hazardous conditions.

Winter Storm History The Knickerbocker Storm 1/27-29/1922 28 inches

The Great Arctic Outbreak and Blizzard of February 1899 2/12-14/1899 20 Inches

The President’s Day Snowstorm of 1979 2/18-19/1978 18.7 inches

Snowmageddon 2010 2/5-6/2010 17.8 inches

The Blizzard of ‘96 1/7-9/1996 17.3 inches

The Megalopolitan Blizzard 2/10-11/1983 16.6 inches

The Holiday Blizzard of 2009 12/18-19/2009 16.4 inches

The Blizzard of 2003 2/16-18/2003 16.4 inches

2016 Blizzard 1/22-24/16 29.2 HOW ARE COASTAL STORMS AND FLOODING A THREAT TO BALTIMORE COUNTY? Tropical cyclones are rotating weather systems over tropical or subtropical waters. They bring with them powerful winds, rain, flooding and tornadoes. The three most common types of tropical cyclones are: tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes. The Atlantic hurricane season begins in June and continues through November. Around their core, winds grow with great velocity, generating violent seas. Moving ashore, they sweep the ocean inward, often spawning tornadoes and producing torrential rains and floods. They begin to die once they move over land and lose the moisture from the ocean. These storms have caused intense coastal flooding and shoreline erosion resulting in extensive loss of property, injuries, and even loss of life.

COASTAL STORM AND FLOODING Tropical Depression - An organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with a defined circulation and maximum sustained winds of 38 mph (33 knots) or less. Tropical Storm - An organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined circulation and maximum sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph (34-63 knots).] Hurricane - An intense tropical weather system with a well-defined circulation and maximum sustained winds of 74 mph (64 knots) or higher.

HISTORY OF COASTAL STORMS AND HURRICANES Chesapeake Potomac, 1933 Hazel, 1954 Agnes, 1972 Gloria, 1985 Bertha, 1996 Fran, 1996 Dennis, 1999 Floyd, 1999 Isabel, 2003 Irene, 2011 Sandy, 2013

BALTIMORE COUNTY TRIVIA GAME

1. What rock formation makes Baltimore County susceptible to sinkholes?

______

2. Name 3 types of areas that are most at risk for damage from a tornado.

a. ______

b. ______

c. ______

3. How many earthquakes with epicenters in Baltimore County since 1906?

______

4. When was the heaviest snowfall recorded? ______

a. How much snow fell? ______

5. On average, how many tornados touchdown in Baltimore County a year?

______

6. How fast can hail fall? ______

History of Natural Hazards Harford County, MD

HOW ARE FLOODS A THREAT? Flooding is the number one risk in Harford. There are three primary factors that contribute to flooding: geography, climate, and soils. Harford County’s geographic location in the mid-Atlantic region, with its coastal presence on the Chesapeake Bay, and its inland terrain, make the County susceptible to coastal, riverine, and flash flooding. Flooding is the number one risk in Harford. Events such as Hurricane Isabel produced both coastal and riverine flooding.

HISTORY OF FLOODS Super Storm (Tropical Storms/Hurricanes) Sandy – October 2012 Tropical Storm Lee – September 2011 Hurricane Irene – August 2011 Hurricane Isabel – September 2003 Hurricane Floyd – September 1999 Hurricane Bertha- 1996 Tropical Storm Beryl- 1994 Tropical Cyclone Danielle- 1992 Tropical Storm Chris- 1988 Hurricane Agnes – June 1972 Hurricane of 1933 **First Documented Hurricane

Winter Storms that Lead to Flooding “Snowmageddon” – February 2010 Severe Winter Storm – February 2003 Significant Severe Thunderstorms Derecho – June 2012 Storm – August 1971 Storms – July 1968 Storm – March 1936 Great Flood of 1868

HOW ARE DROUGHTS A THREAT? Drought is a high risk category for Harford County. Drought has the potential to affect the environmental, economic, and social systems within Harford County. As the population continues to grow, the demand for water will increase as more and more is consumed for residential, commercial, agricultural and industrial uses. Conversely, the water supply will remain relatively static.

HISTORY OF DROUGHT 1930-1931 1963-1966 1998-1999 2001-2002 Oct 2007 June- Aug 2012 HOW ARE TORNADOS A THREAT? Harford County is a medium risk of experiencing a tornado. A tornado can occur anywhere given the proper conditions. The only way to mitigate for this hazard event is to evaluate the existing property on the land. There are several types of areas that are particularly susceptible to high loss in the event of a tornado touchdown: mobile homes, high density housing, and structures built prior to 1940. Mobile homes, due to their lack of foundation and weak structural integrity, are at the highest risk to damage and property loss. In mobile home parks, this potential loss is compounded greatly. High density residential areas are also at risk for loss. These relatively small geographic areas contain dense housing and other properties, which mean these areas, have a greater potential for personal injury and death due to the high population densities. In addition, structures built prior to 1940 are also at significant high risk to tornado damage. Building codes and construction practices, since 1940, have vastly changed and improved the structural integrity of residential and commercial buildings. From 1990 to 2010, Maryland has averaged 9.9 tornadoes per 10,000 square miles each year. Specifically, Harford County averages 1 tornado.

HOW ARE THUNDERSTORMS A THREAT? The risk for thunderstorms in Harford County is medium to high Thunderstorms are always accompanied by lightning and have the potential to cause damage via flooding, hail, strong winds, and tornadoes. They are always accompanied by some combination of the aforementioned. Hail Events Hail is created when strong updrafts lift water droplets to such an altitude that freezing occurs. These frozen droplets are held by the updraft until they increase to such as size where the wind is no longer able to keep them suspended, at which point they fall to the ground. In general, hail is larger than sleet and only forms during a thunderstorm. Hail can be larger than a softball. Large hailstones can fall at speeds greater than 100 mph. The largest hailstone ever recorded in the U.S. was 7 inches wide.

HOW ARE WILDFIRES A THREAT? Wildfires are a threat for two primary reasons: First, the amount of development, particularly residential, that has taken place within wooded areas has increased the number of structures. Second, wildfires have the ability to interact with other natural hazards, especially drought.

HOW ARE EARTHQUAKES A THREAT? The USGS estimates that several million earthquakes occur in the world each year. Many are not felt by humans or are not detected because of their small magnitude. Harford County is not in a geographic location that is prone to powerful or severe earthquakes; however earthquakes do affect the County.

HOW IS WINTER WEATHER A THREAT? Harford County winter weather most commonly takes the form of snowfall, but it can also take the form of freezing rain, sleet, or extreme cold. Harford County has a medium to high risk of experiencing winter weather. These conditions may occur individually or simultaneously in any combination. Such events create dangerous travel conditions, power outages, property damage, and other hazardous conditions. Winter Storm History The Knickerbocker Storm 1/27-29/1922 28 inches 2016 Blizzard 1/22-24/16 29.2

The Great Arctic Outbreak and Blizzard of February 1899 2/12-14/1899 20 Inches

The President’s Day Snowstorm of 1979 2/18-19/1978 18.7 inches

Snowmageddon 2010 2/5-6/2010 17.8 inches

The Blizzard of ‘96 1/7-9/1996 17.3 inches

The Megalopolitan Blizzard 2/10-11/1983 16.6 inches

The Holiday Blizzard of 2009 12/18-19/2009 16.4 inches

The Blizzard of 2003 2/16-18/2003 16.4 inches

HOW ARE COASTAL STORMS AND FLOODING A THREAT? Due to the low water temperature of Tropical cyclones are rotating weather systems over tropical or subtropical waters. They bring with them powerful winds, rain, flooding and tornadoes. The three most common types of tropical cyclones are: tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes. The Atlantic hurricane season begins in June and continues through November. Around their core, winds grow with great velocity, generating violent seas. Moving ashore, they sweep the ocean inward, often spawning tornadoes and producing torrential rains and floods. They begin to die once they move over land and lose the moisture from the ocean. These storms have caused intense coastal flooding and shoreline erosion resulting in extensive loss of property, injuries, and even loss of life.

HOW ARE ROADS AND HOMES IMPACTED? Harford County has some risk of chemical spills and nuclear accidents. With the 95 Interstate corridor running through Harford County and the Route 40 running parallel there is some risk for chemical spills and emergency services. Northern Harford County is also impacted by Peach Bottom Nuclear Generating Station located in southern Pennsylvania.

HARFORD COUNTY TRIVIA GAME

1. Why does Harford County plan for nuclear emergencies?

______

2. Name 3 types of areas that are most at risk for damage from a tornado.

a. ______

b. ______

c. ______

3. When was the heaviest snowfall recorded? ______

a. How much snow fell? ______

4. On average, how many tornados touchdown in Harford County a year?

______

5. How fast can hail fall? ______

Email Presenter

1) DRAFT: Draft of emergency plan is due to presenter within 5 business days of training. 2) CORRECTIONS: Your draft will be reviewed and may need changes before approval! Corrections will be requested via email. You must resubmit a corrected plan within 5 business days of when the correction request email was sent. (Please note, plans may need multiple corrections.)

3) APPROVAL: You will receive an email when your plan has been approved. Your final approved plan will be signed and mailed with your certificate to the address provided at registration. A completed plan with all corrections must be completed within 30 days of the training. If the plan is submitted after 30 days, participants will need to reregister and pay for the class again. Email Plan

• You may type your plan into the provided digital form and email it. • You may take a photo of your handwritten plan and email it. • You may scan your handwritten plan and email it. Don’t have a scanner? Use a free app on a smart device: • Scanner App • CamScanner • Adobe Scan Email Plan

• If you do not have access to computer, scanner, or a smart phone or device, you can schedule a time between 9 am to 4 pm Monday- Thursday to come to the Resource Room to scan and email the documents. • Please see your presenter with questions. Important Dates

• Training Date ______• Draft Plan Due Date ______• Last Day for Corrections ______• Trainer Email ______

• Optional scheduled visit ______Preparing for Different Types of Disasters

Name of a disaster

Describe the disaster.

Why is it important to prepare for this type of disaster?

How will a child care program know when this type of disaster is going to occur?

What should a child care center do to protect lives and property during this type of disaster?

What should a child care center do after this type of disaster?

Based on NACCRRA: Training Program for Child Care Programs on Disaster Preparation

Last name: name: Last Emergency Information Form for Children With Special Needs

Date form Revised Initials completed

By Whom Revised Initials

Name: Birth date: Nickname:

Home Address: Home/Work Phone:

Parent/Guardian: Emergency Contact Names & Relationship:

Signature/Consent*:

Primary Language: Phone Number(s):

Physicians: Primary care physician: Emergency Phone: Fax: Current Specialty physician: Emergency Phone: Specialty: Fax: Current Specialty physician: Emergency Phone: Specialty: Fax: Anticipated Primary ED: Pharmacy: Anticipated Tertiary Care Center:

Diagnoses/Past Procedures/Physical Exam: 1. Baseline physical findings:

3. Baseline vital signs:

Synopsis: Baseline neurological status:

*Consent for release of this form to health care providers name: Last Diagnoses/Past Procedures/Physical Exam continued: Medications: Significant baseline ancillary findings (lab, x-ray, ECG):

4. Prostheses/Appliances/Advanced Technology Devices:

Management Data: Allergies: Medications/Foods to be avoided and why:

3. Procedures to be avoided and why:

Immunizations (mm/yy) Dates Dates DPT Hep B OPV Varicella MMR TB status HIB Other Antibiotic prophylaxis: Indication: Medication and dose:

Common Presenting Problems/Findings With Specific Suggested Managements Problem Suggested Diagnostic Studies Treatment Considerations

Comments on child, family, or other specific medical issues:

Physician/Provider Signature: Print Name:

Emergencies in the Area Circle in RED those emergencies that are more likely to occur in the area Circle in BLACK those emergencies that may occur but are less likely to occur in the area Circle in BLUE those emergencies that are unlikely to occur in the area

NATURAL TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIALLY

Severe Weather Electrical Outages VIOLENT SITUATIONS

Snow and Ice Storms Loss of Water Bomb Threats

Tornadoes Flooding from Broken Pipes Biological or Chemical Attack

Hurricanes Gas Outages Explosive Attack

Earthquakes Fires Radiological Attack

Floods Hazardous Material Extremely Angry Guardian

Wildfires and Forest Fires Aviation Accidents Extremely Angry Staff

High Winds Oil Spills Impaired Guardian

Volcanic Eruptions Dam Failure Impaired Staff

Landslides Nuclear Plant Shut Down Missing Child

Tsunamis and Tidal Waves Utility Failures Child Medical Emergency

Staff Medical Emergency

Hostage Situation

Pandemic Illness