イチジクカサン Trilocha Varians の繭色の性差と 温度が繭色と成虫体色に及ぼす影響

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イチジクカサン Trilocha Varians の繭色の性差と 温度が繭色と成虫体色に及ぼす影響 蚕糸・昆虫バイオテック 90(1)、 41-44(2021) SANSHI-KONCHU BIOTEC イチジクカサン Trilocha varians の繭色の性差と 温度が繭色と成虫体色に及ぼす影響 山本 和典・藤井 告・西川 和弘・田村 圭・ 木村 友祐・福森 寿善・伴野 豊* 国立大学法人 九州大学大学院 農学研究院 (2021 年 1 月 14 日受付;2021 年 3 月 9 日受理) Kazunori YAMAMOTO, Tsuguru FUJII, Kazuhiro NISHIKAWA, Kei TAMURA, Yusuke KIMURA, Hisayoshi FUKUMORI and Yutaka BANNO*: Sexual difference of cocoon color and influence of temperature to the cocoon color and the adult body color in Trilocha varians Trilocha varians, a bombycid moth, inhabits mainly in South and Southeast Asia and was first identified in Okinawa, Ja- pan, in 2001. We reared T. varians in the laboratory at 25°C and 20°C and evaluated some phenotypes. Most traits were the same as the published report, but a few new characteristics were observed. The female yellow cocoon color was darker than that of the males at both temperatures. The larvae reared at 20°C produced cocoons lighter in color than those reared at 25°C. We also observed that the adult body color kept at 20°C was darker than those maintained at 25°C during the pupal stage. Graduate School of Bio Resources and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 319-0395, Japan Key words: phenotypes, Trilocha varians, cocoon color, adult body color, characteristics 家畜化されたカイコとの比較生物学研究に有効で,文部 緒 言 科学省が進める NBRP(National BioResource Project)の イチジクカサン Trilocha varians は,鱗翅目 Lepidop- カイコリソースにも加えられている(NBRP 参 照 tera カイコガ科 Bombycidae Trilocha 属に分類され,主に https://nbrp.jp/)。 インド,ネパール,ベトナム,タイ,ミャンマー,中国 著者らの所属する九州大学は NBRP 事業として学習 南部,台湾,スマトラ,ジャワなどの南アジア,東南ア 院大学嶋田研究室から 2019 年にイチジクカサンの寄託 ジアに生息している(Zolotuhin and Witt, 2009)。日本で を受け継代・分譲することになった。寄託直後は本種を は,2001 年に本種の成虫が沖縄で初めて記録された 25°C の温度条件で飼育を行った。しかし,本種は非休 (Kishida, 2002)。幼虫はガジュマル Ficus microcarpa,ア 眠性で年間通しての飼育が必要であり継代に多大な労力 コウ F. superba,イヌビワ F. erecta などのイチジク属の が必要であった。そこで,継代の労力の軽減を図る目的 植物を食べ,生息地であるマレーシアやフィリピンでは で,1 世代を長くするため 20°C での飼育を行った。 街路樹であるベンジャミン F. benjyamina の害虫として 25°C と 20°C で飼育を行い,その間の形質評価を行った 知られている(Basari et al., 2019; Navasero and Navasero, ところ,これまでに知られていなかったイチジクカサン 蚕糸・昆虫バイオテック 2014)。 の形質特性を認めたので報告する。 イチジクカサンは,カイコガ科に属する。本科には日 本では本種の他に 5 属 6 種(カイコ Bombyx mori,クワ 材料と方法 コ B. mandarina,オオクワコモドキ Oberthueria falcigera, カギバモドキ Pseudandraca gracilis,スカシサン Pris- 1)イチジクカサン(T. varians) mosticta hyalinata,テンオビシロカサン Emolatia moorei 本実験は,九州大学大学院農学研究院附属遺伝子資源 が確認されているので本種を加えると6属7種となる(岸 開発研究センターで行った。使用したイチジクカサンは Vo l 田,2011)。新規に日本で確認されたイチジクカサンは 2009 年当時東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科昆虫遺 .90 伝研究室大門高明博士(現在京都大学大学院農学研究科 N *〒819-0395 福岡県福岡市西区元岡 744 教授)によって沖縄本島で採集され,東京大学で維持, o .1 E-mail: [email protected] 2018 年からは学習院大学にて維持され,2019 年に九州 41 SANSHI-KONCHU BIOTEC Vo l.90 No.1 図 1.雌雄における飼育温度と幼虫期間 Wilcoxon rank sum test **P < 0.01 大学に移管されたものである。系統維持には 2012 年か 結 果 ら NBRP の支援を得ている。 1)飼育温度と幼虫期間 2)幼虫飼育 25°C 飼育区では 150 個体中 78 個体(雌 19 個体,雄 幼虫飼育はインキュベーターを用いて 25°C と 20°C 59 個体),20°C 飼育区では 150 個体中 93 個体(雌 27 に管理温度を分けて行った。日長条件は自然任せとした。 個体,雄 66 個体)が蛹化した。1 個体あたりの幼虫期 飼育開始時の幼虫は 300 個体とし,その後 2 齢期に 150 間は,雌では 25°C 飼育区で 20.6 ± 2.0 日,20°C 飼育区 個体に減らした。飼育容器は,1 齢から 3 齢まではプラ で 30.9 ± 2.6 日であった。一方雄では,25°C 飼育区で スチックカップ小(容量 430 mL; 底の直径 100 mm × 高 19.3 ± 1.6 日,20°C 飼育区で 27.9 ± 2.2 日であった。今回, さ 82 mm), 4 齢から化蛹まではプラスチックカップ大 雌と雄の両者で 20°C 飼育区の幼虫期間が 25°C 飼育区 (容量 860 mL; 底の直径 127 mm × 高さ 98 mm)を使用 の幼虫期間より長くなることが認められた(図 1)。 した。飼料は,ガジュマル生葉を 1 齢から 3 齢まではハ サミで切断し,4 齢以降は全葉を与えた。 2)飼育温度と繭色 25°C 飼育では,蛹重量が雌 118.9 ± 12.3 mg,雄 65.3 3)調査方法 ± 8.3 mg,繭重量が雌 6.1 ± 1.0 mg,雄 4.3 ± 1.4 mg でい 幼虫期間は,雌と雄それぞれ蛹化した全個体の平均値 ずれの場合も雌が重くなった(図 2A,2B)。 一 方 , 20°C を飼育区間で比較した。蛹と繭の重量は,各飼育区の雌 飼育においても,蛹重量が雌 136.3 ± 18.6 mg,雄 76.9 ± と雄それぞれ 15 個体抽出して測定し雌雄間,飼育区間 7.0 mg,繭重量が雌 6.5 ± 0.8 mg,雄 4.4 ± 0.4 mg でいず で比較した。幼虫期間,蛹重量,繭重量の値は平均値 ± れの場合も雌が重くなった(図 2A,2B)。 25°C 飼育区 標準偏差で示した。繭については,雌雄間,飼育区間で と 20°C 飼育区との比較では,蛹重量は 20°C 飼育区の 色調を比較した。蛹の雌雄鑑別は Daimon et al.(2012) 方が重くなったが(図 2A),繭重量については違いはみ の方法で腹部の性徴により識別した。 られなかった(図 2B)。 20°C で飼育した幼虫は,蛹期間を 25°C と 20°C に分 繭の色調を観察したところ,雌雄ともに繭色は黄色 けて保護した。温度管理は照明無しのインキュベーター だったが,雌の繭の方が濃い黄色であり,その傾向は両 で行った。羽化後,保護区間で成虫の色調を比較した。 飼育区で観察された(図 3)。 25°C 飼育区と 20°C 飼育 区で繭色を比較したところ,25°C 飼育区の繭色の方が 4)統計解析 20°C 飼育区の繭色に比べて濃い黄色であり,その傾向 幼虫期間の雌雄間差,蛹重量と繭重量の雌雄間差,飼 は雌と雄の両者で観察された(図 3)。 育区間差については石村(2006)を参考に Wilcoxon rank sum test を行った。 3)飼育温度と成虫体色 蛹期を 25°C で保護した成虫と 20°C で保護した成虫 の体色を比較したところ,20°C 保護の成虫の体色は 25°C 保護の成虫の体色に比べて暗化した(図 4)。成虫 の体色の暗化は雌と雄の両者で確認され,体全体に及ん 42 SANSHI-KONCHU BIOTEC Vo l.90 No.1 山本ら:イチジクカサンの繭色と体色 図 2.雌雄における飼育温度による蛹重量と繭重量への影響(n = 15) A)蛹重量,B)繭重量 Wilcoxon rank sum test **P < 0.01, NS; not significant 図 3.飼育温度の違いと繭 25°C 飼育区(左側),20°C 飼育区(右側),雄(上段),雌(下段) 蚕糸・昆虫バイオテック Vo l .90 N 図 4.飼育温度の違いと成虫形態 o .1 A)背側,B)腹側,25°C 保護区(左側),20°C 保護区(右側),雄(上段)雌(下段) 43 SANSHI-KONCHU BIOTEC Vo l.90 No.1 でいた。翅の模様は雄の方が雌よりも明瞭であったが, ジアを中心に生息し,日本国内での生息確認は比較的新 25°C 保護区と 20°C 保護区を比較したところ翅の模様に しく 2001 年に沖縄県で初めて報告された。飼育,継代 違いは認められなかった。 を行ったところ,従来知られていなかった形質を発見し た。1 つには 25°C と 20°C で飼育をおこなった幼虫から 得た雌雄の繭を比較した結果,両飼育区で雌が濃い黄色 考 察 の繭,雄が薄い黄色の繭を作ることが観察された。また, 今回イチジクカサンを 25°C と 20°C の 2 種の温度条 幼虫期に 20°C で飼育した個体は,25°C で飼育した個体 件下で飼育した。その結果,20°C 飼育区では 25°C 飼育 よりも色調が薄い繭を作った。さらに,蛹期に 20°C で 区よりも幼虫期間が延長すること,蛹重量が重くなるこ 保護した成虫は,25°C で保護した成虫よりも暗化する とを認めた。この結果は先行する Daimon et al.(2012) ことが認められた。 の報告と一致するものであった。一方,新規な発見とし て繭色と成虫の翅模様に性差がみられることを見出し た。また飼育温度を変えると繭色,成虫の体色の濃淡が 変化することを認めた。今回発見した繭色の性差は交配 引用文献 作業を行う際の有効な指標として利用できる。飼育温度 Basari, N., Mustafa, N. S., Yusrihan, N. E. N., Yean, C. W. and の違いによる繭色,成虫の体色の変化などの形質変化に Ibrahim, Z. (2019) The effect of temperature on the development ついては,今後の課題であるが既存の昆虫研究とあわせ of Trilocha varians (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) and control of て進めていきたいと考えている。 the Ficus plant pest. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 30 (1), 23- 31. Daimon, T., Yago, M., Hsu, Y., Fujii, T., Nakajima, Y., Kokusho, R. 謝 辞 and Shimada, T. (2012) Molecular phylogeny, laboratory rear- ing, and karyotype of the bombycid moth, Trilocha varians. 本研究の実施にあたって,学習院大学嶋田透教授には Journal of Insect Science, 12 (49), 1-17. イチジクカサンの提供と取扱いに関する有益な情報を頂 石村貞夫(2006)入門はじめての統計解析,pp.218-229,東 いた。また,本研究室の各位には協力を頂くと共に皆様 京図書,東京. に深く感謝の意を表します。また,標本作製の助言を頂 Kishida, Y. (2002) Trilocha varians (Walker) (Bombycidae) from きました九州大学大学院農学研究院研究教育支援セン Ishigaki Island, the Ryukyu. Japan Heterocerist’s Journal, 219, ター山口大輔技術専門職員に深く感謝申し上げます。本 370. 研究は AMED「ナショナルバイオリソースプロジェク 岸田泰則(編)(2011)日本蛾類標準図鑑 1,pp.90,学研教 育出版,東京. ト(カイコ)」の補助を受けて実施された。 Navasero, M. M. and Navasero, M. V. (2014) Biology of Trilocha varians (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) on Ficus benjami- 摘 要 na L. Journal of Philippines Entomology, 28 (1), 43-56. Zolotuhin, V. V. and Witt, T. J. (2009) The Bombycidae of Viet- イチジクカサン Trilocha varians は南アジアや東南ア nam. Entomofauna, 16, 231-272. 44.
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