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MEMBER REPORT Japan MEMBER REPORT Japan ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee 15th Integrated Workshop Video Conference – Vietnam 1 – 2 December 2020 CONTENTS I. Overview of Tropical Cyclones which have Affected/impactedMember’s Area since the Last Committee Session 1. Meteorological Assessment (highlighting forecasting issues/impacts) 2. Hydrological Assessment (highlighting water-related issues/impacts) 3. Socio-economic Assessment (highlighting socio-economic and DRR issues/impacts) 4. Regional Cooperation Assessment (highlighting regional cooperation success and challenges) II. Summary of Progress in Priorities supporting Key Result Areas 1. Commencement of five-day forecasts for TDs expected to have TS intensity within 24 hours 2. Upgrade of products on the RSMC Tokyo-Typhoon Center’s Numerical Typhoon Prediction website 3. Updates on JMA's numerical weather prediction system 4. Upgrade of temporal resolution for High-resolution Cloud Analysis Information (HCAI) 5. TCC products and publications related to tropical cyclones 6. Direction of River Basin Disaster Resilience and Sustainability by All 7. Organization of the 9th TC WGH Meeting (online), 22 October 2020 8. Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction (ACDR) 2020 9. Visiting Researchers from ADRC Member Countries I. Overview of tropical cyclones which have affected/impacted Member’s area since the last Committee Session 1. Meteorological Assessment (highlighting forecasting issues/impacts) In 2020, seven tropical cyclones (TCs) of tropical storm (TS) intensity or higher had come within 300 km of the Japanese archipelago as of 7 November*. The country was affected even by those that did not make landfall. The TCs are described below, with their tracks shown in Figure 1. * The track/intensity commentary provided here is subject to change once best-track data are finalized. (1) TY HAGUPIT (2004) HAGUPIT formed as a tropical depression (TD) over the sea south of Okinawa at 00 UTC on 1 August and moved northwestward, and was upgraded to tropical storm (TS) intensity over the same waters 12 hours later. It was upgraded to typhoon (TY) intensity over the East China Sea at 06 UTC on 3 August. Keeping its northwestward track, it reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 70 kt and a central pressure of 975 hPa over the same waters at 15 UTC on 3 August and subsequently hit the coast of central China. It began to gradually turn in a clockwise direction and moved into the area over the Yellow Sea at 00 UTC on 5 August. HAGUPIT crossed the Korean Peninsula late on 5 August and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over the sea east of the peninsula at 00 UTC on 6 August. It crossed the date line and had entered the Western Hemisphere by 18 UTC on 11 August. (2) TS JANGMI (2005) JANGMI formed as a tropical depression (TD) over the sea east of the Philippines at 18 UTC on 07 August 2020 and moved northward. It was upgraded to tropical storm (TS) intensity south of Okinawa at 18 UTC on 8 August and reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 45 kt and a central pressure of 994 hPa over the East China Sea at 09 UTC the next day. JANGMI gradually turned northeastward and had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over the northern part of the Sea of Japan by 00 UTC on 11 August. It dissipated over the sea east of the Kuril Islands at 00 UTC on 15 August. (3) TY BAVI (2008) BAVI formed as a tropical depression (TD) over the sea south of Okinawa at 12 UTC on 21 August 2020 and initially moved northward. It was upgraded to tropical storm (TS) intensity over the same waters 12 hours later. After moving into the area over the East China Sea, it turned northeastward and was upgraded to typhoon (TY) intensity over the sea northwest of Okinawa Island at 03 UTC on 24 August. Accelerating north-northwestward, it reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 85 kt and a central pressure of 950 hPa in the northern part of the East China Sea at 00 UTC on 26 August. BAVI crossed the northern part of the Korean Peninsula on the same day and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over northeastern China on 06 UTC 27 August before dissipating at 12 UTC on 29 August. (4) TY MAYSAK (2009) MAYSAK formed as a tropical depression (TD) over the sea east of the Philippines at 18 UTC on 27 August 2020. It was upgraded to tropical storm (TS) intensity over the same waters at 06 UTC on 28 August and moved westward. It was again upgraded to Typhoon (TY) intensity over the same waters at 12 UTC on 29 August and turned northward then northwestward. It reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 95 kt and a central pressure of 935 hPa over the East China Sea at 00 UTC on 1 September, and then gradually accelerated northward. MAYSAK crossed the Korean Peninsula with TY intensity late on 2 September and moved into the area over the Sea of Japan. It transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over the northern part of the Korean Peninsula at 06 UTC on 3 September and moved northwestward before dissipating over the lower Amur River basin by 06 UTC on 7 September. (5) TY HAISHEN (2010) HAISHEN formed as a tropical depression (TD) over the sea southeast of the Ogasawara Islands at 06 UTC on 31 August and initially moved southwestward. It was upgraded to tropical storm (TS) intensity over the same waters at 12 UTC on 1 September and gradually turned northwestward. HAISHEN was upgraded to Typhoon (TY) intensity over the sea southwest of the Ogasawara Islands at 18 UTC on 2 September and kept its northwestward track. It reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 100 kt and a central pressure of 920 hPa over the sea southeast of Minamidaitojima Island at 09 UTC on 4 September, then turned and accelerated north- northwestward, moving into the area over the East China Sea early on 6 September. It crossed the Korean Peninsula with TY intensity early on 7 September and moved into the area over the Sea of Japan. It transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over the northern part of the Korean Peninsula at 18 UTC on 7 September and dissipated over northeastern China at 12 UTC on 10 September. (6) STS DOLPHIN (2012) DOLPHIN formed as a tropical depression (TD) over the sea southeast of Minamidaitojima Island at 06 UTC on 20 September and moved north-northeastward. It was upgraded to tropical storm (TS) intensity over the same waters 21 hours later. Keeping its north-northeastward track, it was upgraded to severe tropical storm (STS) intensity at 00 UTC on 22 September over the sea south of Japan, and reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 60 kt and a central pressure of 975 hPa six hours later. Moving northeastward, DOLPHIN weakened to TS intensity east of Hachijojima Island at 00 UTC on 24 September and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over the same waters six hours later. It dissipated over the sea east of the Kuril Islands at 06 UTC on 30 September. (7) TY CHAN-HOM (2014) CHAN-HOM formed as a tropical depression (TD) northeast of Okinotorishima Island at 12 UTC on 4 October 2020, and was upgraded to tropical storm (TS) intensity over the same waters 12 hours later. After moving north-northeastward, it took on a northwestward track and was upgraded to typhoon (TY) intensity east of Minamidaitojima Island at 06 UTC on 7 October. Maintaining this track, it began to turn in a clockwise at 12 UTC on 7 October and reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 70 kt and a central pressure of 965 hPa east of Yakushima Island at 12 UTC on 8 October. It weakened to TD intensity over the sea north of Chichijima Island at 00 UTC on 12 October and dissipated over the sea east of Japan at 00 UTC on 17 October. Figure 1 Tracks of the eight named TCs affecting Japan in 2020 Circles: genesis points of named TCs (showing the last two digits of the TC ID number); squares: dissipation points 2. Hydrological Assessment (highlighting water-related issues/impacts) Japan experienced one major water-related disaster in 2020. 1) July 2020 Torrential Rainfall Unprecedented rainfall from July 3rd to 31st in Japan’s Kumamoto Prefecture and elsewhere caused extensive flooding and levee breaches. At least 80 people died or remained unaccounted for, and around 14,000 houses were inundated. The prefecture’s flood-prone Kuma River has a geographical formation in which water flows downstream quickly into a bottleneck area, and the torrential rain exceeded capacity. 50 500 Kumamoto pref. max 325.2mm in 12hours max 389.7mm in 24hours (plan scale: 261mm/12h) Low-lying area Outlet of narrow area in the Sea Headwater of mountain rainfall Kuma R. Yatsushiro d rainfall Kawabe R. Kuma R. accumulate Narrow river width area Ichifusa Dam 7/2 7/3 7/4 7/5 ① Average rainfall in Kuma River sysytem ① Urban area of Damage in Kuma-River basin area Hitoyoshi ① ① kagoshima pref. Note: The information above is based on the initial reports and is subject to change according to the future investigations. Figure 2 July 2020 Torrential Rainfall outline 2) Typhoon Haishen (September 2020) Typhoon Haishen was identified as extreme during its approach toward western Japan on September 7th and 8th, prompting preparations for its arrival as the strongest typhoon of the year. The preventive measures taken minimized damage from the event. Sep 4th 2020 Figure 3 Path of Typhoon Haishen 3. Socio-Economic Assessment (highlighting socio-economic and DRR issues/impacts) Damage from major typhoons in 2020 As of 8 a.m.
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