79 AUC Kinanthropologica, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 79–97 Development of the Young Men’s and Women’s Christian Associations (YMCA and YWCA) in Czechoslovakia Tomáš Jelínek The Prague City Archives, Prague, Czech Republic
[email protected] ABSTRACT The Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) and its later sister organization, focusing on care of girls (YWCA), have a long tradition dating back to 1844. They were targeted at young people aged between 12 and 18 years, trying to provide conditions for their overall development. In the Czech lands, the first organization was founded in 1886 as part of the Evangelical Church. In 1919, its American offshoot came to Bohemia along with returning legionnaires, and soon, a local association was formed, which was gen- erously subsidized mainly from American sources. Many of these organizations then operated here mainly with their social and sports activities. Above all, American affiliates brought new methods of training and sports. YMCA and YWCA were abolished twice in 1943 and 1951. KEYWORDS Christian movement; youth organizations; sport history; physical education; student organizations DOI 10.14712/23366052.2020.9 INTRODUCTION When you say YMCA, most people in the Czech Lands imagine the American YMCA, richly subsidised by its mother state and later by our own state, operating not only in the social field but also that of culture, and above all sports, bringing with it modern sport, a modern lifestyle and a modern world view. However, this is a great simplification that misses out the much older history both of the international YMCAs and of their more diverse activities.