Trabajo De Grado Wiki Semántica Usando Folksonomies

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Trabajo De Grado Wiki Semántica Usando Folksonomies Trabajo de Grado Wiki Sem´antica usando Folksonomies Diego Torres Directora: Alicia D´ıaz 27 de noviembre de 2009 Trabajo de Grado - Construcci´onColaborativa de Ontolog´ıas 2 Agradecimientos Muchas son las personas que me ayudaron a concluir mi formaci´onde grado. En primer lugar quiero agradecerles a mis pap´asDenise y Eduardo por darme todo para poder desarrollarme en aquellas cosas que m´asme gustaron, por la educaci´onque me dieron y por los valores que me inculcaron siempre. Tambien hago extensible al resto de mi familia: mi hermana Denise, mis abuelos, mis t´ıos, primos y mi cu~nado. Tambi´ena Mariana, el amor de mi vida. Compa~nerainfatigable. Gracias por darme la fuerza, la alegr´ıay el amor de todos los d´ıas. A Alicia D´ıaz, por haber confiado en m´ı, en que pod´ıa hacer investigaci´on. Gracias por tanta paciencia y dedicaci´onen ense~narmecotidianamente . Gracias por el cari~no. A Hilda, Gustavo, Fede, Fran y Yaya. A Alicia Zingoni, por mostrarme c´omo honrar la vida. Al LIFIA por darme el espacio y las oportunidades. A los directores, a mis compa~neros.A los chicos del LTF que me dieron las primeras lecciones de esta cosa tan linda que es investigar. Gracias Fede Naso por dar tanto y pedir nada. Gracias a Diego, Nando, Richard y Casco. Gracias a mis compa~nerosde objetos y de multimedia. Son muchos, para todos m´asy m´asgracias. Y por supuesto a mis amigos, por la fuerza que me dieron para empezar, para seguir y para terminar. Nachito por estar siempre empujando. Emi, con quien viv´ımuchos a~nosde felicidad y comparto una cotidiana amistad. Lea, con quien prepar´ela mayor´ıade las materias y crecimos juntos. A los chicos de los mi´ercoles y a sus esposas y novias. A Nacu, por ser un maestro. A Hala Skaf y Pascal Molli por recibirme en Nancy y ser tan generosos en todo momento. A la universidad p´ublicay gratuita. 3 Trabajo de Grado - Wikis Sem´anticas utilizando Folksonomies I Durante los ´ultimosa~nos,los usuarios han tenido un rol mucho m´asactivo en la Web creando documentos de producci´onpropia o formando partes en comunidades virtuales. Las redes sociales, los blogs, y las wikis son ejemplos de aplicaciones Web donde la colaboraci´ony participaci´onde los usuarios son determinantes. Dentro de este contexto, aparecen las denominadas comunidades de creaci´onde conocimiento. Las comunidades de creaci´onde conocimiento se destacan, entre otras cosas, por la participaci`onde los usuarios en la creaci´onde nuevas fuentes de informaci´on, todo esto en forma colaborativa. Cada usuario realiza peque~nosaportes, los cuales se complementan con los que realizan cientos de otros usuarios. De esta forma, la comunidad en si es la autora de grandes fuentes de informaci´ony gesti´onde conocimiento. Las wikis sem´anticas son un claro ejemplo de sitios de comunidades de creaci´onde conocimiento colaborativo, donde a pesar de la gran participaci´on individual de cada participante, los aportes y resultados son realizados en espacios compartidos donde la comunidad toda es la creadora y el rol del individuo es dejado de lado. En este trabajo de t´esisse presenta una forma de incluir espacios personales sem´anticos en el proceso de creaci´on de conocimiento de una wiki sem´antica utilizando anotaciones sem´anticas personales. Trabajo de Grado - Construcci´onColaborativa de Ontolog´ıas II ´Indice general 1. Introducci´on 3 1.1. Motivaci´on. .3 1.2. Construcci´onColaborativa del Conocimiento . .7 1.3. Estructura del Documento . .9 2. La Web y el Conocimiento 11 2.1. Ciclo de Construcci´onColaborativa de Conocimiento . 11 2.2. Web Sem´antica . 16 2.2.1. >Qu´ees la Web Sem´antica? . 16 2.2.2. Alcances y Desaf´ıos. 25 2.3. Wikis Sem´anticas . 25 2.4. Tipos de Wikis Sem´anticas . 29 2.4.1. Semantic Media Wiki . 30 2.4.2. OntoWiki . 30 2.4.3. SemperWiki . 31 2.4.4. SWooki . 31 2.5. Conclusiones del Cap´ıtulo . 33 3. Construcci´onColaborativa de Conocimiento 37 3.1. Soporte Inform´aticoa la Construcci´onde Conocimiento . 37 3.2. Elementos privados y compartidos . 40 3.3. Externalizaci´on . 40 3.4. Internalizaci´on. 42 3.5. Publicaci´on . 43 3.6. Reacci´on. 43 3.7. Conclusiones del Cap´ıtulo . 44 III Trabajo de Grado - Construcci´onColaborativa de Ontolog´ıas IV 4. Informaci´onpersonal en una wiki sem´antica 47 4.1. Wikis Sem´anticas como Soporte Para la Construcci´onde Conocimiento 47 4.1.1. Espacio compartido . 48 4.1.2. Navegabilidad . 52 4.1.3. Espacio privado . 53 4.2. Espacio Privado y Espacio Compartido . 53 4.3. Informaci´onPersonal en una Wiki Sem´antica . 54 4.3.1. El espacio personal . 55 4.3.2. Anotaciones Personales . 55 4.3.3. Anotaciones Sem´anticas Personales: Categor´ıase Individuos . 55 4.3.4. Reuso de conceptualizaciones compartidas . 57 4.3.5. Navegabilidad . 57 4.4. Conclusiones del Cap´ıtulo . 58 5. P-SWOOKI 59 5.1. SWOOKI: Una wiki sem´antica P2P . 59 5.1.1. Arquitectura . 61 5.1.2. Definici´onSem´antica . 62 5.1.3. Alcance . 62 5.2. P-SWOOKI . 64 5.2.1. Funcionalidad . 65 5.3. Navegabilidad en el espacio personal . 70 5.4. Implementaci´on. 70 5.4.1. Modelo de Datos . 70 5.4.2. Definici´onde repositorios . 71 5.4.3. Arquitectura P-Swooki . 77 5.5. Conclusiones del Cap´ıtulo . 78 6. Evaluaci´on 79 7. Conclusiones y Trabajo a Futuro 85 7.1. Trabajo a Futuro . 86 Anexo 87 Trabajo de Grado - Wikis Sem´anticas utilizando Folksonomies V 7.2. Definici´onsem´antica RDF/OWL . 87 Trabajo de Grado - Construcci´onColaborativa de Ontolog´ıas VI ´Indice de figuras 2.1. Ciclo de Creaci´onde Conocimiento por Stahl . 13 2.2. La Web Sem´antica en Capas . 18 2.3. Representaci´ongr´afica de una terna RDF . 21 2.4. Mark ups de formato en una wiki . 27 2.5. Visualizaci´ondel texto con formato . 28 2.6. Comparaci´onde notaciones entre una Wiki tradicional y su versi´on sem´antica . 28 2.7. Semantic Media Wiki . 29 2.8. OntoWiki: interacci´onpara Ingenieros en Conocimiento . 31 2.9. SemperWiki: wiki sem´antica personal. 32 2.10. SWooki: la primer wiki sem´antica P2P . 32 2.11. Arquitectura general interna de una wiki . 33 2.12. Arquitecturas centralizadas y distribuidas en wikis sem´anticas . 34 3.1. Ciclo de Stahl Simplificado [DC04] . 41 3.2. Externalizaci´ony Publicaci´oncon Del.icio.us . 43 4.1. Publicaci´onde un nuevo concepto en SMW . 48 4.2. Publicaci´onde un nuevo concepto en SMW con conflicto . 49 4.3. Agregado de informaci´onsem´antica en SMW . 50 4.4. Agregado de informaci´onsem´antica en SMW . 52 4.5. Agregado de Anotaciones Personales a una Wiki Sem´antica . 56 5.1. Pantalla en modo edici´on:agregado de una anotaci´onsem´antica . 59 5.2. Pantalla en modo normal: visualizaci´onde una anotaci´onsem´antica . 60 5.3. Swooki: arquitectura . 61 5.4. Estructura visual SWOOKI . 66 VII Trabajo de Grado - Construcci´onColaborativa de Ontolog´ıas 0 5.5. Visualizaci´onen P-SWOOKI incluyendo la informaci´onsem´antica personal: el ejemplo muestra que para este usuario particular la p´aginaParis es considerada un individuo (en ingl´esIndividual) de las categor´ıasCiudad y Visitadas. 68 5.6. Agregado de informaci´onpersonal en P-SWOOKI . 69 5.7. Navegaci´onPersonalizada . 70 5.8. Anotaciones Sem´anticas Personales: Modelo de Datos . 71 5.9. Arquitectura de Sesame . 72 5.10. Arquitectura de P-SWOOKI . 78 Trabajo de Grado - Wikis Sem´anticas utilizando Folksonomies 1 \Empieza por el principio ... y sigue hasta llegar al final, all´ıte paras" Lewis Carrol - Alicia en el pa´ısde las maravillas Trabajo de Grado - Construcci´onColaborativa de Ontolog´ıas 2 Cap´ıtulo1 Introducci´on 1.1. Motivaci´on Durante mucho tiempo la mayor´ıade los sitios publicados en internet ofrec´ıan a los usuarios informaci´onde consulta. La producci´onde material estaba destinado a los editores, mientras que los visitantes (usuarios) solamente estaban habilitados para realizar la lectura de ese material. Como ejemplo de ello podemos mencionar a los sitios \.com" a fines de los 90 y principio del 2000, lo cuales brindaban informaci´on que los clientes (usuarios) pod´ıanconsultar. El flujo de informaci´onen este tipo de publicaciones se realizaba en una ´unicadirecci´on:desde el editor hacia los lectores. La empresa o editorial generaba los documentos y por otro lado los clientes o lectores acced´ıana la fuente de informaci´onpara consumirla. A esta etapa de la Web se la conoce como Web 1.0. Tiempo despu´es,comenzaron a surgir cambios en la tecnolog´ıay en las formas de organizaci´onde las actividades. La informaci´onen los sitios comienza a ser din´amica,ciertas plataformas web posibilitaban a los usuarios generar material e informaci´onpara uso personal y a configurar las vistas de acuerdo a perfiles pre definidos. Ejemplos de esto fueron las alternativas a programas de escritorio pero con acceso mediante la Web: aplicaciones de correo electr´onico(hotmail, yahoo e- mail), calendarios, repositorios y organizadores de archivos remotos (BSCW). En este proceso de migraci´onde aplicaciones originariamente de escritorio a un entorno web aparecieron tambi´enlas tecnolog´ıasde soporte al trabajo colaborativo (CSCW). Estas fueron precursoras en la generaci´onde material y su almacenamiento en servidores remotos dentro del espacio de la Web. El trabajo colaborativo increment´oel n´umerode sistemas caracterizados para la producci´onde material y pensados en entornos de trabajo remotos.
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