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'Valência' Sweet Orange Grafted Onto Rootstocks in the State of Acre, Brazil

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'Valência' Sweet Orange Grafted Onto Rootstocks in the State of Acre, Brazil Pomology/ Original Article ISSN 1678-3921 Performance of 'Valência' sweet Journal homepage: www.embrapa.br/pab For manuscript submission and journal contents, access: www.scielo.br/pab orange grafted onto rootstocks in the state of Acre, Brazil Abstract – The objective of this work was to select rootstocks, based on the agronomic characters and fruit quality of the 'Valência' orange tree. The evaluated rootstocks were: the 'Cleópatra' mandarin; the TSKFL x CTTR-013, LVK x LCR-038, TSKC x CTQT 1439-004, LVK x LVA-009, TSK x TRENG-256 ('Indio' citrandarin) hybrid genotypes; the 'Santa Cruz' Rangpur lime; and the TSKFL x CTC-25-002, and TSKC x CTSW-038 hybrids. The experiment was installed in 2010 and evaluated from 2013 to 2017. The parameters plant height, canopy volume, yield efficiency, scion:rootstock ratio, survival percentage, and drought tolerance were evaluated in 2017. The yield average of five harvests was estimated, as well as the annual production per plant and the accumulated (1) Maria Júlia da Silva Rodrigues , production. The analyzed fruit traits were: mass, diameter, peel length and (2 ) Romeu de Carvalho Andrade Neto , thickness, juice yield, soluble solids, acidity, and technological index. 'Valência' Sebastião Elviro de Araújo Neto(1) , Walter dos Santos Soares Filho(3) , shows a lower plant height and canopy volume, besides a higher yield efficiency, Eduardo Augusto Girardi(3) , when grafted on TSKC x CTSW-038 than on the other rootstocks. LVK x LCR- Lauro Saraiva Lessa(2) and 038, TSKC x CTQT 1439-004, 'Indio' citrandarin, and 'Santa Cruz' Rangpur Ueliton Oliveira de Almeida(1) lime increase the production of the 'Valência' orange. LVK x LCR-038 and the 'Indio' citrandarin induce the scion to produce a better quality fruit. (1) Universidade Federal do Acre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, BR-364, Km 04, Distrito Industrial, Index terms: Citrus, Poncirus trifoliata, fruit quality, Rangpur lime, Western CEP 69915-900 Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. Amazon, yield. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Desempenho da laranjeira 'Valência' sobre (2) Embrapa Acre, Rodovia BR-364, Km 14, Caixa Postal 321, CEP 69900-970 porta-enxertos no Estado do Acre Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected], Resumo – O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar porta-enxertos, com base [email protected] nos caracteres agronômicos e na qualidade de frutos da laranjeira 'Valência'. Os (3) Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, porta-enxertos avaliados foram: a tangerina 'Cleópatra'; os híbridos TSKFL x Rua Embrapa, s/no, Caixa Postal 007, CTTR-013, LVK x LCR-038, TSKC x CTQT 1439-004, LVK x LVA-009 e TSK CEP 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected], x TRENG-256 (citrandarin 'Indio'); o limoeiro-cravo 'Santa Cruz'; e os híbridos [email protected] TSKFL x CTC-25-002 e TSKC x CTSW-038. O experimento foi instalado em 2010 e avaliado de 2013 a 2017. Os parâmetros altura da planta, volume da Corresponding author copa, eficiência produtiva, relação entre copa e porta-enxerto, percentagem de sobrevivência e tolerância à seca foram avaliados em 2017. Foram estimadas a Received produtividade média de cinco safras, assim como a produção anual por planta e March 14, 2019 a produção acumulada. As características dos frutos analisadas foram: massa, Accepted diâmetro, comprimento e espessura de casca, rendimento de suco, sólidos August 8, 2019 solúveis, acidez e índice tecnológico. A 'Valência' apresenta menor altura de How to cite planta e volume da copa, bem como maior eficiência produtiva, quando enxertada RODRIGUES, M.J da S.; ANDRADE NETO, R. de C.; ARAÚJO NETO, S.E. de; SOARES sobre TSKC x CTSW-038 do que sobre os outros porta-enxertos. LVK x LCR- FILHO, W. dos S.; GIRARDI, E.A.; LESSA, L.S.; 038, TSKC x CTQT 1439-004, citrandarin 'Indio' e limão-cravo 'Santa Cruz' ALMEIDA, U.O. de. Performance of 'Valência' estimulam o aumento da produção da laranjeira 'Valência'. LVK x LCR-038 e sweet orange grafted onto rootstocks in the state of Acre, Brazil. Pesquisa Agropecuária o citrandarin 'Indio' induzem o enxerto a produzir frutos de melhor qualidade. Brasileira, v.54, e01349, 2019. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2019.v54.01349. Termos para indexação: Citrus, Poncirus trifoliata, qualidade do fruto, limoeiro cravo, Amazônia Ocidental, produção. This is an open-access article distributed under the Pesq. agropec. bras., Brasília, v.54, e01349, 2019 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License DOI: 10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2019.v54.01349 2 M.J. da S. Rodrigues et al. Introduction and biotic stresses, causing significant economic impacts, and threatening the entire production chain Research in modern citrus production has been in the region (Carvalho et al., 2019). Therefore, due directed to rootstocks that can lead to smaller scions to the high susceptibility of the Rangpur lime, in (Forner-Giner et al., 2014), higher yield (Bowman et al., addition to the other mentioned problems, the increase 2016b; Sau et al., 2018), better physical and chemical of diversification in the use of rootstocks has been fruit quality (Sharma et al., 2016; Kirinus et al., 2019), suggested as necessary in Brazil (Fadel et al., 2018; resistance, or tolerance, to abiotic (Rodríguez-Gamir Kirinus et al., 2019); in the state of Acre the proposition et al., 2010) and biotic problems (Shokrollah et al., is not different. 2011; Bowman et al., 2016a). The most efficient and In view of the mentioned problems in the state of sustainable method for controlling and preventing Acre, and due to the lack of rootstocks which can be Phytophthora gummosis is the use of resistant, or sustainable in citriculture in this region, it is extremely tolerant, rootstocks which are compatible with the important to select new rootstocks, especially recommended scion varieties (Bassan et al., 2010). citrandarins, and some other hybrids. Citrandarins In the state of Acre, in Brazil, the sweet orange combine the qualities of mandarins, such as tolerance [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] represents the third fruit tree for harvested area (575 ha in 2017), according to to citrus decline and sudden death, the qualities of data from IBGE (2019). The state shows the necessary citrus trifoliates, including immunity to citrus tristeza climatic conditions (humidity, temperature, luminosity, virus, and the resistance to citrus gummosis disease and precipitation) and soils for the cultivation of citrus, (Pompeu Junior & Blumer, 2014). Other citrus hybrids in addition to compensating prices for the fruits which – from the Citrus Breeding Program of Embrapa have become an attractive activity for the region (Ledo Mandioca e Fruticultura – have been suggested as et al., 2008). rootstocks, as they have been showing satisfactory The combination of sweet orange with Rangpur results in other regions in Brazil. lime rootstock (Citrus limonia Osbeck) in the state of As rootstock behaviors may vary according to the Acre is highlighted because this rootstock leads sweet environment (Lado et al., 2018), the recommendations orange trees to reach greater vigor and higher yield per for superior genotypes should be based on local plant, besides showing drought tolerance. However, research. this rootstock is highly susceptible to Phytophthora The objective of this work was to select rootstocks, gummosis and, depending on the physical soil based on the agronomic characters and fruit quality of conditions, this microorganism can cause 100% the 'Valência' orange tree. plant death in the field, in a few years of cultivation. As Rangpur lime rootstock generates a high-canopy Materials and Methods volume, the adopted spacing in the state of Acre reflects low-planting densities of the 'Valência' orange The experiment was installed in January 2010, and trees, which implies in a higher cost of production evaluated from 2013 to 2017 in the municipality of and lower profitability. Thus, when considering the Rio Branco (10°3'27.36"S, 67°39'58.50"W, at 176 m current standard of scions for oranges, the Rangpur altitude), in the state of Acre, Brazil. The climate of the lime rootstock unfortunately does not comply with the region is Aw (hot and humid), according to the Köppen- requisites. Geiger’s classification, with a 30.9ºC maximum From studies with different rootstocks, Ledo et al. temperature, 20.8ºC minimum temperature, 1,648.94 (1999) observed that 'Valência' orange showed the mm annual precipitation, and 83% relative humidity. best agronomic characteristics when grafted onto The soil of the experimental field is classified as red- Rangpur lime. Thus, despite its high susceptibility yellow petroplinthic dystrophic (Santos et al., 2013), to Phytophthora gummosis and to other problems with a medium clayey texture. The characteristics of that the Rangpur lime confers onto the scion, this the soil, at 0–20 cm soil depths, were: 5.04 pH (H2O); -3 -3 rootstock continued to be recommended for 'Valência' 3.45 cmolc dm Ca; 1.46 cmolc dm Mg; 0.22 cmolc -3 -3 -3 orange trees, keeping the narrow genetic diversity dm K; 0.01 cmolc dm Na; 4.14 cmolc dm H+Al; 0.03 -3 -3 low and, consequently, increasing the risks of abiotic cmolc dm Al; 5.14 cmolc dm sum of bases; and 5.17 Pesq. agropec. bras., Brasília, v.54, e01349, 2019 DOI: 10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2019.v54.01349 Performance of 'Valência' sweet orange grafted onto rootstocks 3 -3 -3 -1 cmolc dm effective CEC; 2.07 mg dm P; 8.23 g kg budding union for all trees; survival percentage (SP), Corg; 55.39% base saturation (V); 0.66% aluminum calculated by the percentage of living trees until 2017; saturation; and 14.16 g kg-1 organic matter. drought tolerance (DT), estimated during the critical 'Valência' sweet orange was budded onto each period of drought occurring in September 2017, using one of the nine rootstocks (treatments), as follows: a score scale based on visual symptoms of wilting 'Cleópatra' mandarin (Citrus reshni hort.
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