Impacts of Two Introduced Ladybeetles, Coccinella Septempunctata and Harmonia Axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on Native Coccinellid Species at Mount St

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Impacts of Two Introduced Ladybeetles, Coccinella Septempunctata and Harmonia Axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on Native Coccinellid Species at Mount St University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2007 Impacts of Two Introduced Ladybeetles, Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on Native Coccinellid Species at Mount St. Helens, Washington and in Southwestern Virginia Catherine Marie Sheehy University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sheehy, Catherine Marie, "Impacts of Two Introduced Ladybeetles, Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on Native Coccinellid Species at Mount St. Helens, Washington and in Southwestern Virginia. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2007. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/230 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Catherine Marie Sheehy entitled "Impacts of Two Introduced Ladybeetles, Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on Native Coccinellid Species at Mount St. Helens, Washington and in Southwestern Virginia." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Dan Simberloff, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Paris Lambdin, Nathan Sanders, James Fordyce Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Catherine Marie Sheehy entitled “Impacts of two introduced ladybeetles, Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on native coccinellid species at Mount St. Helens, Washington and in southwestern Virginia.” I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. _________________________________ Dan Simberloff, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Paris Lambdin _________________________________ Nathan Sanders _______________________________ James Fordyce _______________________________ Accepted for the Council: _______________________________ Carolyn R. Hodges, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Official signatures are on file with official student records.) Impacts of two introduced ladybeetles, Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on native coccinellid species at Mount St. Helens, Washington and in southwestern Virginia A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Catherine Marie Sheehy December 2007 Abstract To assess changes in coccinellid communities subsequent to the introduction of two non-native species, Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis, ladybird numbers were monitored over a 20 year period at Mt. Saint Helens, Washington and in three years between 1996 and 2004 in southwestern Virginia. Surveys conducted at Mt. Saint Helens included pre- and post- invasion years for both non-natives. At Mt. Saint Helens, C. septempunctata and H. axyridis both increased in abundance, accompanied by declining numbers of the native ladybird Adalia bipunctata at one of the two Washington sites and of the native ladybird Coccinella transversoguttata at both sites. Declines in these two native ladybirds are strongly correlated with increases in the two introduced species. Given the long study period at Mt. Saint Helens, the declines in these two natives appear to be real trends. Further research is required to determine if the introduced species have indeed been the direct cause of the declines, and to find the mechanisms of interactions. The arrival of C. septempunctata to Virginia predated the first year of this study likely by several years. Harmonia axyridis was detected in Virginia by 1993, three years prior to the first study year in this state. In Virginia, only one introduced species, H. axyridis, showed an increase during the study and this was at one site only. This increase was not accompanied by declines in native species. In fact, the native Coleomegilla maculata also increased at the site during this period. Lack of evidence for declines in native species in Virginia may simply indicate that native species were not affected by the two introduced species, or it may reflect lack of power in the data to detect changes. Alternatively, any changes to the ladybird community may have occurred prior to the start of this study. ii Table of Contents Chapter Page I. Literature review...............................................................................................................1 Coccinellids, Use in biological control....................................................................1 Coccinella septempunctata, Taxonomy and description.........................................3 C. septempunctata, Biology.....................................................................................4 C. septempunctata, Life cycle and diapause............................................................6 C. septempunctata, Habitat, prey, and foraging behavior........................................9 C. septempunctata, Natural enemies......................................................................11 Harmonia axyridis, Taxonomy and description....................................................12 H. axyridis, Biology...............................................................................................13 H. axyridis, Life cycle and diapause......................................................................15 H. axyridis, Population dynamics..........................................................................16 H. axyridis, Habitat, prey, and foraging behavior..................................................17 H. axyridis, Natural enemies..................................................................................18 Introduction history, C. septempunctata................................................................18 Introduction history, H. axyridis............................................................................23 Research objectives................................................................................................26 II. Impacts of two introduced ladybeetles, Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on native ladybeetles at Mount St. Helens, Washington....................................................................................................................28 Introduction............................................................................................................28 Methods..................................................................................................................30 Results....................................................................................................................31 Discussion..............................................................................................................34 III. Impacts of Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on native ladybeetles in southwestern Virginia....................................37 Introduction............................................................................................................37 Methods..................................................................................................................39 Results....................................................................................................................39 Discussion..............................................................................................................41 Literature cited...................................................................................................................45 iii I. Literature Review Use of ladybirds in biological control Ladybird beetles are generally regarded as beneficial, frequently playing key roles in controlling pest insects in many habitats, particularly agricultural ecosystems (e.g., Hodek and Honek 1996, Gordon 1985, Obrycki and Kring 1998). Humans have long been aware of this valuable role. In medieval Europe, believed sent from heaven to save crops, lady beetles were called “Our Lady’s beetle,” referring to the Virgin Mary. In ephemeral agroecosystems, predatory insects play a critical role in pest suppression, with ladybirds among the most important of such groups. As natural enemies of whiteflies, aphids, scales, mealybugs, and mites, they have been extensively used in many biological control strategies for over a century, more often than any other predator taxon (Obrycki and Kring 1998, Hagen 1962). These strategies include natural or passive biological control, in which the control agent is a native organism at normal
Recommended publications
  • Beetle Appreciation Diversity and Classification of Common Beetle Families Christopher E
    Beetle Appreciation Diversity and Classification of Common Beetle Families Christopher E. Carlton Louisiana State Arthropod Museum Coleoptera Families Everyone Should Know (Checklist) Suborder Adephaga Suborder Polyphaga, cont. •Carabidae Superfamily Scarabaeoidea •Dytiscidae •Lucanidae •Gyrinidae •Passalidae Suborder Polyphaga •Scarabaeidae Superfamily Staphylinoidea Superfamily Buprestoidea •Ptiliidae •Buprestidae •Silphidae Superfamily Byrroidea •Staphylinidae •Heteroceridae Superfamily Hydrophiloidea •Dryopidae •Hydrophilidae •Elmidae •Histeridae Superfamily Elateroidea •Elateridae Coleoptera Families Everyone Should Know (Checklist, cont.) Suborder Polyphaga, cont. Suborder Polyphaga, cont. Superfamily Cantharoidea Superfamily Cucujoidea •Lycidae •Nitidulidae •Cantharidae •Silvanidae •Lampyridae •Cucujidae Superfamily Bostrichoidea •Erotylidae •Dermestidae •Coccinellidae Bostrichidae Superfamily Tenebrionoidea •Anobiidae •Tenebrionidae Superfamily Cleroidea •Mordellidae •Cleridae •Meloidae •Anthicidae Coleoptera Families Everyone Should Know (Checklist, cont.) Suborder Polyphaga, cont. Superfamily Chrysomeloidea •Chrysomelidae •Cerambycidae Superfamily Curculionoidea •Brentidae •Curculionidae Total: 35 families of 131 in the U.S. Suborder Adephaga Family Carabidae “Ground and Tiger Beetles” Terrestrial predators or herbivores (few). 2600 N. A. spp. Suborder Adephaga Family Dytiscidae “Predacious diving beetles” Adults and larvae aquatic predators. 500 N. A. spp. Suborder Adephaga Family Gyrindae “Whirligig beetles” Aquatic, on water
    [Show full text]
  • Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle Harmonia Axyridis (Pallas); Family: Coccinellidae
    Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pallas); Family: Coccinellidae Table of Contents • Introduction • Distribution • Identification Characteristics • Life Cycle and Habits • Economic Impact • Management Recommendations • Outlook Fig. 3. Mature larva (fourth Fig. 4. Clustering activity of instar) of H. axyridis. H. axyridis adults. Fig. 1. Harmonia axyridis Fig. 2. Typical color variation Photo by M.H. Rhoades. Photo by P. W. Schaefer. adult, fully spotted individual. found in H. axyridis adult Photo by population. J.M. Ogrodnick. Photo by R.L. Pienkowski. Introduction The multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (fig. 1), first found in New York in Chemung County in early 1994, is an introduced biological control agent that is spreading rapidly in the Empire State and throughout New England. It has become a major nuisance to homeowners because of its habit of invading houses and buildings in large numbers in the fall (mid-October to early November) and appearing again on warm, sunny days in February and March. Despite its annoyance value, H. axyridis preys upon many species of injurious soft-bodied insects such as aphids, scales, and psyllids and is thus considered beneficial to growers and agriculturalists. Although "multicolored Asian lady beetle" is the common name officially accepted by the Entomological Society of America, several other common names are also found in the literature: halloween lady beetle (because of its pumpkin orange color and large populations often observed around Halloween), Japanese lady beetle (because Japan was the country of origin for specimens released in the southeastern United States), and Asian lady beetle. Distribution The native range of H.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Species 2010 the GENERAL STATUS of SPECIES in CANADA
    Wild Species 2010 THE GENERAL STATUS OF SPECIES IN CANADA Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council National General Status Working Group This report is a product from the collaboration of all provincial and territorial governments in Canada, and of the federal government. Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council (CESCC). 2011. Wild Species 2010: The General Status of Species in Canada. National General Status Working Group: 302 pp. Available in French under title: Espèces sauvages 2010: La situation générale des espèces au Canada. ii Abstract Wild Species 2010 is the third report of the series after 2000 and 2005. The aim of the Wild Species series is to provide an overview on which species occur in Canada, in which provinces, territories or ocean regions they occur, and what is their status. Each species assessed in this report received a rank among the following categories: Extinct (0.2), Extirpated (0.1), At Risk (1), May Be At Risk (2), Sensitive (3), Secure (4), Undetermined (5), Not Assessed (6), Exotic (7) or Accidental (8). In the 2010 report, 11 950 species were assessed. Many taxonomic groups that were first assessed in the previous Wild Species reports were reassessed, such as vascular plants, freshwater mussels, odonates, butterflies, crayfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Other taxonomic groups are assessed for the first time in the Wild Species 2010 report, namely lichens, mosses, spiders, predaceous diving beetles, ground beetles (including the reassessment of tiger beetles), lady beetles, bumblebees, black flies, horse flies, mosquitoes, and some selected macromoths. The overall results of this report show that the majority of Canada’s wild species are ranked Secure.
    [Show full text]
  • The Asian Multicolored Lady Beetle, Harmonia Axyridis
    The Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle If you are having problems with clusters of lady beetles entering your house in the fall or winter, the Asian lady beetle is the most likely culprit. Harmonia axyridis is a large and colorful beetle that is easily identified by the large, black 'W' on the thorax, behind the head. The background coloration of the wing covers varies greatly, from yellowish to pale orange to bright red, depending on the type of food consumed in the larval stage. The spotting pattern is genetically determined. Spots vary in number and intensity and are often absent entirely in males. There is also a melanic (dark) form that bears two or more large red spots on a black background, but these are rare in North America. (© photo credits: John Pickering) Lady beetles are widely recognized as beneficial insects for the services they provide consuming large numbers of garden pests such as aphids. The Asian lady beetle was intentionally introduced to North America on multiple occasions in the 20th century in hopes it would contribute to biological control of various pests, but established populations were only discovered in the 1980's along the Gulf Coast, far from any release sites. However, this population underwent rapid range expansion and, in less than 20 years, the beetle has invaded most of continental North America. Recently, South America, United Kingdom, Europe and South Africa are also experiencing invasions of H. axyridis and this species is now listed as an invasive pest on the Global Invasive Species Database. Although the beetle is a valuable agent of pest control in various crops and horticultural settings, it has displaced many less competitive native lady beetles from particular habitats and poses a potential threat to biodiversity in some ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Spotted Ladybug?
    LOST LADYBUG PROJECT Are you a ninenine--spottedspotted ladybug? No! My name is Harmonia axyridis, the Sorry - not me. My name is Coleomegilla multicolored Asian ladybug. As you may have maculata and I am native to North America. guessed, I come in many different color patterns, I am too long and thin. I am often pinkish with too many spots or too few. But I am and my pronotum is black with red edges – consistently large and rounded. I was introduced not white. Along with aphids, insect eggs from Japan for biocontrol and have become very and small larvae, I eat a lot of pollen. So common. IfI often spen dhid the winter iidhinside houses! you may find me i n corn and f ruit t rees! Checkers anyone? I arrived near ‘Not spots.’ My distinguishing the St. Lawrence River from Europe in feature is not a spot at all, but the the 1960’s and I’m moving south. I two paired marks that look like have 14 spots that are more like parenthesis. I am Hippodamia squares so althoug h my o ffici al name parenthes is or the paren thes is is Propylea quatuordecimpunctata, ladybug. I am small and I am a most folks call me the checker spot native. ladybug. I am small and I am not red! Not a nine-spot. I am a native Close - but no. I am the with similar features but the wrong seven-spotted ladybug, number of spots. I can have 13, or Coccinella septempunctata, a fewer spots. I take my name, close cousin of the nine-spot and Hippodamia convergens, from the introduced from Europe in 1956.
    [Show full text]
  • Resistance Management of the Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera)
    Resistance management of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera): behavior, survival and the potential for cross resistance on Bt corn in the field, greenhouse and laboratory A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctorate of Plant, Insect & Microbial Science By SARAH N. ZUKOFF Bruce Hibbard, Dissertation Supervisor May 2013 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the Dissertation entitled RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT OF THE WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA): BEHAVIOR, SURVIVAL AND THE POTENTIAL FOR CROSS RESISTANCE ON BT CORN IN THE FIELD, GREENHOUSE AND LABORATORY Presented by Sarah N. Zukoff A candidate for the degree of Doctorate of Plant, Insect & Microbial Science And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. [Dr. Bruce E. Hibbard, Co-Advisor, Division of Plant Sciences] [Dr. Wayne C. Bailey, Co-Advisor, Division of Plant Sciences] [Dr. Deborah L. Finke, Division of Plant Sciences] [Dr. Richard M. Houseman, Division of Plant Sciences] [Dr. Mark R. Ellersieck, Department of Statistics] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisors Bruce Hibbard and Wayne Bailey for their guidance and support over the last four years. Their influence on my scientific abilities has been tremendous and has enabled me to go further than I ever thought possible. I would like to thank Deborah Finke for her helpful advice and her willingness to lend a listening ear. Also, I would like to thank her for her excellent teaching abilities and the effort that she puts into her classes and her students which has had a great influence on me.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution and Genomic Basis of Beetle Diversity
    The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity Duane D. McKennaa,b,1,2, Seunggwan Shina,b,2, Dirk Ahrensc, Michael Balked, Cristian Beza-Bezaa,b, Dave J. Clarkea,b, Alexander Donathe, Hermes E. Escalonae,f,g, Frank Friedrichh, Harald Letschi, Shanlin Liuj, David Maddisonk, Christoph Mayere, Bernhard Misofe, Peyton J. Murina, Oliver Niehuisg, Ralph S. Petersc, Lars Podsiadlowskie, l m l,n o f l Hans Pohl , Erin D. Scully , Evgeny V. Yan , Xin Zhou , Adam Slipinski , and Rolf G. Beutel aDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; bCenter for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; cCenter for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Arthropoda Department, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; dBavarian State Collection of Zoology, Bavarian Natural History Collections, 81247 Munich, Germany; eCenter for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; fAustralian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; gDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute for Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; hInstitute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; iDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Wien, Wien 1030, Austria; jChina National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; kDepartment of Integrative Biology, Oregon State
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticide Effects on Beneficial Insects and Mites in Vegetables
    Pesticide Effects on Beneficial Insects and Mites in Vegetables Dr Paul Horne IPM Technologies Pty Ltd Project Number: VG06087 VG06087 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the vegetable industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the vegetable industry. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 2012 5 Published and distributed by: Horticulture Australia Ltd Level 7 179 Elizabeth Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 © Copyright 2009 HAL Project Number: VG06087 (29 May 2009) Project Title: Pesticide Effects on Beneficial Insects and Mites in Vegetables Authors: Paul Horne, Peter Cole & Anna Cutler Research Provider: IPM Technologies Pty Ltd HAL Project Number: VG06087 Project Leader: Dr Paul Horne IPM Technologies Pty Ltd PO Box 560 Hurstbridge 3099 Victoria, Australia Ph: 03 9710 1554 Email: [email protected] Personnel: Mr Peter Cole, IPM Technologies Pty Ltd Dr Anna Cutler, IPM Technologies Pty Ltd Dr Amanda Kobelt, Department of Primary Industries, Victoria Ms Sarita Kulkarni, Department of Primary Industries, Victoria Ms Kate Lorey, IPM Technologies Pty Ltd This report describes the acute and long-term impacts that pesticide applications have on beneficial insects and mites so that pesticide compatibility with biological control in IPM programs can be improved.
    [Show full text]
  • Susceptibility of Adult Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa Decemlineata) to the Fungal Entomopathogen Beauveria Bassiana Ellen Klinger
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 8-2003 Susceptibility of Adult Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa Decemlineata) to the Fungal Entomopathogen Beauveria Bassiana Ellen Klinger Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Klinger, Ellen, "Susceptibility of Adult Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa Decemlineata) to the Fungal Entomopathogen Beauveria Bassiana" (2003). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 386. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/386 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ADULT COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA) TO THE FUNGAL ENTOMOPATHOGEN BEAUVERIA BASSIANA BY Ellen Klinger B.S. Lycoming College, 2000 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Ecology and Environmental Sciences) The Graduate School The University of Maine August, 2003 Advisory Committee: Eleanor Groden, Associate Professor of Entomology, Advisor Francis Drumrnond, Professor of Entomology Seanna Annis, Assistant Professor of Mycology SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ADULT COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA) TO THE FUNGAL ENTOMOPATHOGEN BEAUVERIA BASSIANA By Ellen Klinger Thesis Advisor: Dr. Eleanor Groden An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Ecology and Environmental Sciences) August, 2003 Factors influencing the susceptibility of adult Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), to the fungal entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.), were studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Transgenic Crops.Pdf
    MICHEL TEMER President of the Republic ELISEU PADILHA Chief of Staff of the Presidency of the Republic JOSÉ RICARDO ROSENO Special Secretary for Family Farming and Agrarian Development JEFFERSON CORITEAC Deputy Executive Secretary of for Family Farming and Agrarian Development JOSÉ ROBERTO VIEIRA SANTOS Subsecretary of Planning and Management RAQUEL SANTORI Subsecretary of de Agrarian Reordering EVERTON AUGUSTO PAIVA FERREIRA Subsecretary of Family Farming MARCELO MARTINS Subsecretary of Rural Development SORRIVAL DE LIMA Subsecretary of Land Regularization in the Legal Amazon CARLOS EDUARDO BOVO Director of the Coordination of Strategic Management, Monitoring and Evaluation (CGMA / NEAD) WILLY DE LA PIEDRA MESONES Coordinator-General for Strategic Management, Monitoring and Evaluation (CGMA / NEAD) Copyright 2017 MDA mda.gov.br Series NEAD Debate 27 Agrarian Studies and Rural Development Centre/ Coordination of Strategic Management, Monitoring and Evaluation (NEAD) Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco C, 5º andar – sala 543 CEP 70.046-900 Brasília/DF Editorial staff Editorial production: Ana Carolina Fleury and Mariana Camargo Spelling and grammar review: Ana Carolina Fleury, Mariana Camargo and Grafica Ideal Graphic and editorial design: Aline Pereira - Ascom/MDA Transgenic Crops – hazards and uncertainties: More than 750 studies disregarded by the GMOs regulatory bodies / Gilles Ferment ... [ et al. ].– Brasília: Ministry of Agrarian Development, 2017. 450p. _ ( Nead debate ; 27 ) ISBN 978-85- 8354-015- 1 1. Trangenic plants. 2. Agrobiodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Coccinella Algerica Kovář, 1977
    Boletín Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, n1 39 (2006) : 323 −327. COCCINELLA ALGERICA KOVÁŘ, 1977: A NEW SPECIES TO THE FAUNA OF MAINLAND EUROPE, AND A KEY TO THE COCCINELLA LINNAEUS, 1758 OF IBERIA, THE MAGHREB AND THE CANARY ISLANDS (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) Keith J. Bensusan1, Josep Muñoz Batet2 & Charles E. Perez1 1 The Gibraltar Ornithological & Natural History Society, PO Box 843, Gibraltar − [email protected] 2 Museu de Zoologia, Parc de la Ciutadella, 08003 Barcelona Abstract: The ladybird Coccinella algerica Kovář, 1977 is recorded from Gibraltar. This constitutes the first record of this spe- cies for Iberia and mainland Europe. Furthermore, the presence of the closely related Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 in Gibraltar is also confirmed, providing the first record of sympatry between these two sibling species. Figures showing the genitalia of specimens from Gibraltar are included to support the record of the presence of both species on the Rock. Fi- nally, a key to the members of the genus Coccinella Linnaeus, 1758 present in Iberia, the Maghreb and the Canary Islands is included. Key words: Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Coccinella algerica, Coccinella septempunctata, sympatry, key, Gibraltar, Iberia, Europe. Coccinella algerica Kovář, 1977: una nueva especie para la fauna europea continental, y clave para las Coc- cinella Linnaeus, 1758 de la Península Ibérica, el Maghreb y las Islas Canarias (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) Resumen: Se cita Coccinella algerica Kovář, 1977 de Gibraltar. Esta es la primera cita de la especie para la Península Ibéri- ca y Europa continental. También se confirma la presencia en Gibraltar de Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758, espe- cie muy similar a C.
    [Show full text]
  • Species-Specific Recognition of Beetle Cues by the Nematode Pristionchus Maupasi
    EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 10:3, 273–279 (2008) Species-specific recognition of beetle cues by the nematode Pristionchus maupasi RayL.Hong,a Alesˇ Svatosˇ,b Matthias Herrmann,a and Ralf J. Sommera,Ã aDepartment for Evolutionary Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany bMax-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Jena, Germany ÃAuthor for correspondence (email: [email protected]) SUMMARY The environment has a strong effect on studies originally established in Caenorhabditis elegans.We development as is best seen in the various examples of observed that P. maupasi is exclusively attracted to phenol, phenotypic plasticity. Besides abiotic factors, the interactions one of the sex attractants of Melolontha beetles, and that between organisms are part of the adaptive forces shaping the attraction was also observed when washes of adult beetles evolution of species. To study how ecology influences were used instead of pure compounds. Furthermore, development, model organisms have to be investigated in P. maupasi chemoattraction to phenol synergizes with plant their environmental context. We have recently shown that the volatiles such as the green leaf alcohol and linalool, nematode Pristionchus pacificus and its relatives are closely demonstrating that nematodes can integrate distinct associated with scarab beetles with a high degree of species chemical senses from multiple trophic levels. In contrast, specificity. For example, P. pacificus is associated with the another cockchafer-associated nematode, Diplogasteriodes oriental beetle Exomala orientalis in Japan and the magnus, was not strongly attracted to phenol. We conclude northeastern United States, whereas Pristionchus maupasi that interception of the insect communication system might be is primarily isolated from cockchafers of the genus Melolontha a recurring strategy of Pristionchus nematodes but that in Europe.
    [Show full text]