1994 Final Report Party And

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1994 Final Report Party And REPORTS ON FINANCIAL ACTIVITY 1993 - 1994 FINAL REPORT PARTY AND NON-PARTY POLITICAL COMMITTEES VOL.IV - NON-PARTY DETAILED TABLES (NO CONNECTED ORGANIZATION TRADE/MEMBERSBIP/BEALTB,COOPERATIVE,CORPORATION WITHOUT STOCK) FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 999 E Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20463 NOVEMBER 1995 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION Danny L McDonald, Chairman Lee Ann Elliott, Vice Chairman Joan D. Aikens, Commissioner John Warren McGarry, Commissioner Trevor Potter, Chairman Scott E. Thomas, Commissioner John c. Surina, Staff Director Lawrence M. Noble, General Counsel Comments and inquiries about format should be addressed to the Reports Coordinator, Data Systems Development Division, who coordinated the production of this REPORT. Copies of 1983-1994 FINAL REPORT, PARTY AND NON-PARTY POLITICAL COMMITTEES, may be obtained by writing to the Public Records Office, Federal Election Commission, 999 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20463. Prices are: VOL. I - $10.00, VOL. II - $10.00, VOL. III - $10.00, VOL. IV - $10.00. Checks should be made payable to the Federal Election Commission. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. DESCRIPTION OF REPORT iii II. SUMMARY OF TABLES iv III. EXPLANATION OF COLUMNS v IV. TABLES: SELECTED FINANCIAL ACTIVITY AND ASSISTANCE TO CANDIDATES NON-PARTY POLITICAL COMMITTEES c. SELECTED FINANCIAL ACTIVITY OF NO CONNECTED ORGANIZATION POLITICAL COMMITTEES AND THEIR ASSISTANCE TO CANDIDATES BY OFFICE AND PARTY 529 D. SELECTED FINANCIAL ACTIVITY OF TRADE/MEMBERSHIP/HEALTH POLITICAL COMMITTEES AND THEIR ASSISTANCE TO CANDIDATES BY OFFICE AND PARTY 745 E. SELECTED FINANCIAL ACTIVITY OF COOPERATIVE-CONNECTED POLITICAL COMMITTEES AND THEIR ASSISTANCE TO CANDIDATES BY OFFICE AND PARTY 943 F. SELECTED FINANCIAL ACTIVITY OF CORPORATION WITHOUT STOCK­ CONNECTED POLITICAL COMMITTEES AND THEIR ASSISTANCE TO CANDIDATES BY OFFICE AND PARTY 961 I DESCRIPTION OF REPORT PURPOSE: WHAT IS NOT INCLUDED: This study is designed to provide This study only provides information information on the financial transactions for the Democratic and Republican parties of Democratic, Republican, and non-party rather than for all party committees, political committees, with emphasis on both major and minor, which are those transactions which support registered with the Federal Election candidates for Federal office, for the Commission. The study does not contain period which began on January 1, 1993. all of the information reported by the Political committees, which are entities committees. registered with the Federal Election Commission, report their financial LIMITATIONS: activity to the Commission on a periodic This study is a final report basis. Information on receipts, designed to give a complete picture of disbursements, and debts from these the financial activity which occured reports has been entered into the during the 1993-1994 election cycle. Commission's computer system; programs Available at the Commission for have been used to produce all TABLES inspection are microfilmed copies of the included in this study. The TABLES are original reports which show information organized into four VOLUMES. VOLUME I, as reported by the filers. The SUMMARY TABLES, provides data for the microfilmed public record is the official Democratic and Republican national record of the Federal Election political committees and Presidential Commission. This interim study is one of convention committees, for all state and several tools which have been developed local major party committees by state to summarize the vast quantity of data totals and overall total, and for all available on the microfilmed public non-party committtes by six group totals; record. it also includes tables providing information on contributions made to candidates. VOLUME II, STATE AND LOCAL PARTY DETAILED TABLES, presents financial information for each registered state and local major party committee, while VOLUME III (Corporate and Labor) and VOLUME IV (No Connected Organization, Trade/Membership/Health, Cooperative, Corporation without Stock) do the same for each non-party political committee. -iii- II SUMMARY OF TABLES The TABLES in this VOLUME are "cash on hand" and debts figures. designed to show selected information for Amounts of its assistance to candidates* all registered non-party corporate and by Federal office and party, which are labor political committees. (A non-party shown after "cash on hand" and debts, political committee means any committee indicate its candidate activity to date. that has not been authorized by any candidate and which is not part of the TABLE B is identical in construction official party structure at the national, to TABLE A. State, or local level, which has registered as a political committee under the Federal Election Campaign Act, as amended.) The EXPLANATION OF COLUMNS for non-party political committees provides detailed definitions for each column and explanations of organization; it should be used in conjunction with the TABLES. TABLE A, "SELECTED FINANCIAL ACTIVITY OF CORPORATION-CONNECTED POLITICAL COMMITTEES AND THEIR ASSISTANCE TO CANDIDATES BY OFFICE AND PARTY," displays receipt, disbursement, and debt information. *Note that some of this assistance may have been to individuals who may not be The rema1n1ng information in this statutory "candidates" under the 1979 TABLE on specific types of receipts and Amendments to the Federal Election disbursements provides a partial picture Campaign Act, e.g., an individual seeking of a political committee's exact income nomination to Federal office who has not and spending. received contributions or made expenditures aggregating in excess of TABLE A next provides a committee's $5,000.) -iv- III EXPLANATION OF COLUMNS This section explains the special Campaign Act, as amended.) terms that appear as labels of the different columns, how the amount is TOTAL RECEIPTS: derived for each column and, where This column includes all incoming appropriate, the significance of the funds reported on Line 18. column. Words included in this section are listed in the order in which they NET RECEIPTS: appear in each table. For example, the Total receipts may include transfers column in TABLE A, labeled CONTRIB FROM to the committee from other affiliated NON-PARTY, appears under TABLE C, as the committees. These are committees fourth entry. Readers are encouraged to organized by the same institution or consult this section regularly as they individual which share contribution use the report. limits. The column labeled net receipts Readers should be aware that the removes these transfers and is a more terms as used in this report may be accurate measure of actual income. defined differently than they are in the Transfers are reported on line 12. Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, as amended. CONTRIB FROM PARTY: The line number and (where Contributions to the committee from appropriate) the schedule letter of the committees of major or minor political April 1988 FEC Form 3X on which the parties. These contributions are listed receipt and disbursement information was on detailed receipt schedules supporting reported is indicated. line 11b. (A non-party political committees means any committee that has not been CONTRIB FROM NON-PARTY: authorized by any candidate and which is Contributions to the committee from not part of the official party structure other non-party committees which are not at the national, State, or local level, affiliated with the listed committees. which has registered as political They are reported on receipt schedules committees under the Federal Election supporting line 11c. -v- TOTAL INDIV CONTRIB: committee to committees of major or minor This column represents the sum of political parties. Contributions to all contributions from individuals to the other committees are reported on non-party committee. The contributions schedules supporting line 21. may be either monies given directly to the committee or earmarked through CONTRIB TO NON-PARTY: another political committee or the¥ may Contributions made by the listed be in-kind contributions of serv1ces, committee to other non-party committees goods, or property. (Contributions with which it is not affiliated. earmarked through the committees are not Contributions to other committees are included.) The source is line 11a Column reported on schedules supporting line 21. A of each report filed by the committee. BEGINNING CASH-ON-BAND: IN-KIND CONTRIB REG COM: A political committee's "cash on Contributions of goods or hand" on January 1, 1991 (or its initial services to the committee from other 1991 "cash on hand" if it registered committees. The information is listed on subsequent to 1/1/91) is given in this receipts schedules for lines 11b or11c. column. This beginning cash balance is reported on Line 6. TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS: This column includes all outgoing LATEST CASH-ON-HAND: funds reported by a political committee These amounts are a political on Line 28 - Total Disbursements. committee's most recently reported 1992 "cash on hand." These balances are taken NET DISBURSE: from Line 10 (Line 8). Total disbursements minus any transfers to other affiliated committees. DEBTS OWED TO: These are committees organized or This column represents the controlled by the same organization or outstanding debts and obligations owed TO individual which share contribution the listed political committee. The limits. Transfers are reported schedules amounts are taken from Line 10 of the supporting line 20. committee's latest report. CONTRIB TO PARTY: DEBTS OWED BY: Contributions
Recommended publications
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 141 WASHINGTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1995 No. 154 Senate (Legislative day of Monday, September 25, 1995) The Senate met at 9 a.m., on the ex- DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, JUS- Mr. President, I intend to be brief, piration of the recess, and was called to TICE, AND STATE, THE JUDICI- and I note the presence of the Senator order by the President pro tempore ARY, AND RELATED AGENCIES from North Dakota here on the floor. I [Mr. THURMOND]. APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 1996 know that he needs at least 10 minutes The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The of the 30 minutes for this side. I just want to recap the situation as PRAYER clerk will report the pending bill. The assistant legislative clerk read I see this amendment. First of all, Mr. The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John as follows: President, the choice is clear here what Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: A bill (H.R. 2076) making appropriations we are talking about. The question is Let us pray: for the Department of Commerce, Justice, whether we will auction this spectrum off, which, according to experts, the Lord of history, God of Abraham and and State, the Judiciary and related agen- value is between $300 and $700 million, Israel, we praise You for answered cies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, and for other purposes. or it will be granted to a very large and prayer for peace in the Middle East very powerful corporation in America manifested in the historic peace treaty The Senate resumed consideration of for considerably less money.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ripon Society July, 1965 Vol
    THE RIPON NEWSLETTER OF . F . THE RIPON SOCIETY JULY, 1965 VOL. 1, No. 5 The View From Here THE GOLDWATER MOVEMENT RESURFACES: A Ripon Editorial Report This month marks the anniv~ of Barry Union, headed by former Congressman Donald Bruce Goldwater's Convention and his nomination to head of Indiana. Many political observers feel that Gold­ theRePlJblican ticket of 1964. IIi the ~ ~ that has water has made a serious blunder that will only hurt passed, the Goldwater "conservative" crusade has suf- the "conservative" position. We disagree. fered a devastatin£a~=~ setback, as well as the loss The new orGani%lZtlOn, with (F.oldwater's n41IUI, hIlS of its own party' Dean Burch. When Ohio's real prospects Of huilding a powerful memhershie and Ray Bliss was elected to the Republican Party chair­ resource hlUe. As Senate R.e~ican Lediler Dirksen manship in January, veteran political correspondents slwewiUl ohser1led,in politics "there is no substitute lor who were on hand in Chicago spoke of ..the end of money.' .Goldwlller wants a "consensus orgilllnZll­ the Goldwater era" in R~lican politics. Today, lion" for conser1lIll!1les and with the resourcel he com­ this forecast seems to have been premature. For die manils, he Clltl get it. Alread, there are reports thlll the Goldwater Right is very much alive and dominating the PSA will tap some ofthe est,mated $600,000 still heing political news. The moderate Republicans, who nave withheld from the Pari, hI the Citizens Committee fOr learned little from recent party histo9', are as confused GoldWlller-Mill81' and the Nlllional Tele1lision Com";'" and leaderless today as they were before San Franc::isco.
    [Show full text]
  • Thirteenth Annual Report 2001
    ACCESS TO SERVICES Office Holders President: The Honourable Don Wing, MLC Telephone: [03] 6233 2322 Facsimile: [03] 6233 4582 Email: [email protected] Deputy President and Chair of Committees: The Honourable Jim Wilkinson, MLC Telephone: [03] 6233 2980 Facsimile: [03] 6231 1849 Email: [email protected] Executive Officers Clerk of the Council: Mr R.J. Scott McKenzie Telephone: [03] 6233 2331 Email: [email protected] Deputy Clerk: Mr David T. Pearce Telephone: [03] 6233 2333 Email: [email protected] Clerk-Assistant and Usher of the Black Rod Miss Wendy M. Peddle Telephone: [03] 6233 2311 Email: [email protected] Second Clerk-Assistant and Clerk of Committees: Mrs Sue E. McLeod Telephone: [03] 6233 6602 Email: [email protected] Enquiries General: Telephone : [03] 6233 2300/3075 Facsimile: [03] 6231 1849 Papers Office: Telephone : [03] 6233 6963/4979 Parliament’s Website: http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au Legislative Council Report 2001-2002 Page 1 Postal Address: Legislative Council, Parliament House, Hobart, Tas 7000 Legislative Council Report 2001-2002 Page 2 PUBLIC AWARENESS The Chamber During the year a variety of groups and individuals are introduced to the Parliament and in particular the Legislative Council through conducted tours. The majority of the groups conducted through the Parliament during the year consisted of secondary and primary school groups. The majority of groups and other visitors who visited the Parliament did so when the Houses were in session giving them a valuable insight into the debating activity that occurs on the floor of both Houses.
    [Show full text]
  • A Consideration of Democratic Participation in Switzerland and Britain with Reference to the Management of an Educational Issue at Local Level in Both Countries
    A Consideration of Democratic Participation in Switzerland and Britain with Reference to the Management of an Educational Issue at Local Level in both Countries Robert Kenrick JONES A Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy Institute of Education University of London 2007 VOL. I Acknowledgements I wish to record my thanks to the following people for the invaluable help and advice they have provided. To Professor Richard Topf of London Metropolitan University for his endless patience and the academic insights he has shown me, to the staff of the Institute of Education London University and to Dr Ernest Bollinger former Chef de 1’Information of the canton of Geneva, to Yves Flicker, Lecturer in Social Studies in the University of Geneva and finally to my wife for adjusting our life to facilitate this venture. 2 4 ABSTRACT A consideration of democratic participation in Switzerland and Britain with reference to the management of an educational issue at local level in both countries This thesis is concerned with participatory democracy and its effectiveness in action. The aim of the underlying research has been to examine this form of democracy as it is revealed in one country (Switzerland) and within that to focus on a specific canton (Geneva); secondly to compare it with the democratic structure of the United Kingdom and again focusing on a particular region - the County of Buckinghamshire. In each case, at the local level, I have chosen one sensitive issue - education- and considered how far people participated in their own destinies, written from a United Kingdom background.
    [Show full text]
  • Group Research, Inc. Records, 1955-1996 MS# 0525 ©2007 Columbia University Library
    Group Research, Inc. Records, 1955-1996 MS# 0525 ©2007 Columbia University Library This document is converted from a legacy finding aid. We provide this Internet-accessible document in the hope that users interested in this collection will find this information useful. At some point in the future, should time and funds permit, this finding aid may be updated. SUMMARY INFORMATION Creator Group Research, Inc. Title and dates Group Research, Inc. Records, 1955-1996 Abstract Founded by Wesley McCune and based in Washington DC until ceasing operations in the mid-1990s, Group Research Inc. collected materials that focus on the right-wing and span four decades. The collection contains correspondence, memos, reports, card files, audio-visual material, printed matter, clippings, etc. Size 215 linear ft. (512 document boxes; Map Case 14/16/05 and flat box #727) Call number MS# 0525 Location Columbia University Butler Library, 6th Floor Rare Book and Manuscript Library 535 West 114th Street Page 1 of 142 Group Research Records Box New York, NY 10027 Language(s) of material English History of Group Research, Inc. A successful journalist for such magazines as Newsweek, Time, Life and Changing Times as well as a staff member of several government agencies and government-related organizations, Wesley McCune founded Group Research Inc. in 1962. Based in Washington DC until ceasing operations in the mid-1990s Group Research Inc. collected materials that focus on the right--wing and span four decades. The resulting Group Research archive includes information about and by right-wing organizations and activists in the form of publications correspondence pamphlets reports newspaper Congressional Record and magazine clippings and other ephemera.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergence and Features of the Constitutional Review Bodies in Asia: a Comparative Analysis of Transitional Countries’ Development
    Discussion Paper No.19 Emergence and Features of the Constitutional Review Bodies in Asia: A Comparative Analysis of Transitional Countries’ Development Edited by Aziz Ismatov and Emi Makino August, 2020 Nagoya University Center for Asian Legal Exchange Center for Asian Legal Exchange (CALE) Nagoya University, Japan Emergence and Features of the Constitutional Review Bodies in Asia: A Comparative Analysis of Transitional Countries’ Development Edited by Aziz Ismatov and Emi Makino FOREWORD This research discussion paper provides a study on theory and practices of constitutional review developments in five selected Asian jurisdictions, Myanmar, Singapore, Korea, including Russia and Uzbekistan, which in some scholarly works are also addressed as Eurasia. The objective is to create systematic narratives to document theoretical grounds and practical aspects of constitutional review, collect and present to a broader audience comparative, historical, analytical, and critical perspectives covering constitutional judiciary in Asia. We hope that this collection will be of high interest for scholars, practitioners, and students of comparative constitutional law, human rights, democracy, the rule of law, constitutional adjudication, and Asia’s legal systems. The general philosophy of constitutional review presupposes that constitutional courts are established to limit or balance executive and legislative branches’ activities. In such circumstances, scholars and practitioners expect that constitutional courts would work as neutral arbitrators among the two branches. Simultaneously, the vital role of the constitutional court which is a protection of fundamental rights is sometimes neglected within the broader context of political involvement. Contributors to this discussion paper were all invited to attend the workshop on Emergence and Features of the Constitutional Review Bodies in Asia held at the Department of Law, University of Yangon, on October 22, 2019, and present their draft papers for this workshop.
    [Show full text]
  • An Investigation Into the Feasibility and Significance of Identifying Potential Moral Leadership Capability in Adolescence
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2015 An investigation into the feasibility and significance of identifying potential moral leadership capability in adolescence Rosemary Cathcart University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Cathcart, Rosemary, An investigation into the feasibility and significance of identifying potential moral leadership capability in adolescence, thesis, School of Education, University of Wollongong, 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Window Into Cultural Manipulation: the Conservative Attack on National History Standards, 1994-1995 Todd Blanchette
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 5-2015 Window into Cultural Manipulation: The Conservative Attack on National History Standards, 1994-1995 Todd Blanchette Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Blanchette, Todd, "Window into Cultural Manipulation: The onC servative Attack on National History Standards, 1994-1995" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2293. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2293 This Campus-Only Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. A WINDOW INTO CULTURAL MANIPULATION: THE CONSERVATIVE ATTACK ON NATIONAL HISTORY STANDARDS, 1994-1995 By Todd Blanchette B.A. University of Maine, 2008 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (in History) The Graduate School The University of Maine May 2015 Advisory Committee Howard Segal, Professor of History, Advisor Nathan Godfried, Professor of History Michael Lang, Professor of History A WINDOW INTO CULTURAL MANIPULATION: THE CONSERVATIVE ATTACK ON NATIONAL HISTORY STANDARDS, 1994-1995 By Todd Blanchette Thesis Advisor: Dr. Howard Segal An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (in History) May 2015 This research looks into the public debate surrounding the release of proposed voluntary National History Standards within the context of the 1990s culture wars in the United States. The goal is to offer a glimpse into how history education is tied with notions of culture, and how conceptions of history and national identity were manipulated by individuals, spear headed by former NEH chairwoman Lynne Cheney, with a political motive.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S.-Vatican Relations During the Vietnam War, 1963-1968
    Abandoning the Crown: U.S.-Vatican Relations During the Vietnam War, 1963-1968 John Quinn-Isidore Russell Senior Thesis Seminar Department of History, Columbia University First Reader: Professor Elisheva Carlebach Second Reader: Professor Lien-Hang Nguyen Russell 1 Table of Contents Notes ............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Chapter 1: The Triple Crown ......................................................................................................................... 7 Catholicism in the United States ............................................................................................................. 10 Political Catholicism in Vietnam .............................................................................................................. 12 Chapter 2: New Wine, Old Wineskins ......................................................................................................... 17 Vatican II as Anti-Imperialist ................................................................................................................... 17 Vatican II as Detente ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Political Participation in Myanmar ...; PDF Copied from The
    Women’s Political Participation in Myanmar: Experiences of Women Parliamentarians 2011-2016 Shwe Shwe Sein Latt, Kim N. B. Ninh, Mi Ki Kyaw Myint and Susan Lee April 2017 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the women parliamentarians who participated in the research for taking the time to answer the survey but also for the one-on-one interviews, as well as useful feedback to the initial research findings presented at the first Women MPs Forum organized by The Asia Foundation and Phan Tee Eain in March 15, 2015. We gratefully acknowledged helpful comments from Eileen Pennington, Brenda Norris, and Paul Minoletti to the various drafts of this report. We also would like to thank the Parliament’s Offices and the Union Election Commission for their assistance in ensuring that the data we have cited in the report is as accurate as possible. About the Authors Shwe Shwe Sein Latt was elected in the 2015 general elections to be a member of parliament in the Amyotha Hluttaw representing the National League for Democracy. She currently is the member of the Joint Public Accounts Committee, the Joint ASEAN Parliamentary Assembly Committee of the Union Assembly, the NGOs/ INGOs Committee and the Myanmar-French Parliament Friendship Association of the Upper House.She was previously the executive director of Phan Tee Eain, a Myanmar non-governmental organization committed to women’s empowerment. She also has a background in academia having worked at Yangon University and the Asian Institute of Technology. Kim N. B. Ninh is the country representative of The Asia Foundation in Myanmar, overseeing a country program focused on supporting the long term political, economic and social change underway in Myanmar.
    [Show full text]
  • Judicial Independence in Burma: No March Backwards Towards the Past
    Judicial Independence in Burma: No March Backwards Towards the Past Myint Zan ý Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal - - - - - http://www.hawaii.edu/aplpj Copyright © 2000 APLPJ Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal 1 APLPJ 5: 1 Judicial Independence in Burma: No March Backwards Towards the Past Myint Zan1 I. STATE OF JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE IN PRE-COLONIAL AND PRE-INDEPENDENT BURMA A. The Extent of Judicial Independence in Pre-Colonial Burma 1. Arguments that judicial independence did not exist 2. Arguments that judicial independence did exist 3. Generalizations about judicial independence in pre-colonial Burma B. The Impact of British Law and Judicial Independence during Colonial Times II. JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE IN INDEPENDENT BURMA A. Judicial Independence under the 1947 Constitution of Burma (24 September 1947 – 1 March 1962) 1. Judicial provisions in the 1947 Constitution 2. The exercise of judicial independence B. Judicial Independence during the Revolutionary Council Period (2 March 1962- 1 March 1974) 1. The effect of the law without an independent judiciary 2. The structure and composition of the courts C. Judicial Independence in the Period of the 1974 Constitution (2 March 1974 to 18 September 1988) 1 Myint Zan has received a B.A. and LL.B from Rangoon University, Burma, an LL.M from the University of Michigan, and a M. Int. Law from the Australian National University. Since 1990, he has taught at the law faculties of the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, of the National University of Malaysia in Bangi, Malaysia, and of the University of New England in Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER7 Myanmar's Security Outlook and the Myanmar Defence Services
    CHAPTER 7 Myanmar’s Security Outlook and the Myanmar Defence Services Tin Maung Maung Than Introduction: Elected civilian government and the military in politics There were expressions of disappointment and even outright condemnation by the West and opposition groups that viewed the 7 November 2010 elections, held under the auspices of the ruling State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), as neither free nor fair as well as lacking inclusiveness. Allegations of votes being manipulated in favour of the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP that was transformed from the military-sponsored Union Solidarity and Development Organization, led by former prime minister and retired general U Thein Sein), the boycott of National League for Democracy (NLD, which convincingly won the 1990 election and whose leader Nobel laureate Daw Aung San Suu Kyi was still under house arrest had refused to re-register for competing in the polls) and complaints of unfair election laws tarnished the victory of the USDP which won overwhelmingly. By winning over 79 percent of the contested seats in the Pyithu Hluttaw (People’s Assembly or lower house of parliament) and nearly 77 percent in the Amyotha Hluttaw (National Assembly or upper house of parliament) at the national level and substantially (majority party in all seven states and seven regions) at the provincial level, the USDP was in a position to form the Union Government as well as the respective Region/State Governments. Though the Chairman of the SPDC Senior General Than Shwe and the Vice Chairman
    [Show full text]