The Metamorphoses of a Late Fifteenth-Century Psalter (Harl. MS
The Metamorphoses of a Late Fifteenth-Century Psalter (Harl. MS. 1892) Catherine Yvard Illuminated Psalters were rarely produced in the fifteenth century and, after a late flourishing in the last decade with a couple of lavish copies, 1 they virtually disappeared by the early sixteenth century. As Myra Orth once observed, interest in the text supplanted interest in its illustration. 2 Against this backdrop, Harl. MS. 1892, a Psalter made in the late fifteenth century with texts and images added in the early sixteenth, commands our attention. To properly understand the Harley manuscript, it must be considered within the context of book production in this period. When it was made, Psalters were no longer the fashionable book that they had been in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. This does not reflect a decrease in the importance of the Psalms in daily devotions, but rather the growing popularity of other types of books, such as the breviary – which contained the full book of Psalms – and the Book of Hours – of which Psalms were an essential component. Psalters continued to be made, but in significantly smaller numbers. Out of the 472 Psalters in French public libraries inventoried by Victor Leroquais, 130 (mostly executed in France) date from the fifteenth century. But the contents vary and the manuscripts are often hybrids: Psalter-hymnals, Psalter-antiphonaries, Psalter-hours, 3 etc. Furthermore, few of the independent Psalters present any significant illumination. The British Library Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts provides entries for 4985 pre-1600 manuscripts: only twenty-one of them are Psalters dating from 1400-1550 (if one excludes the hybrid types, while counting those containing additional canticles and prayers), out of which only eight contain historiated initials and/or miniatures.
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