Citizen Participation in Planning: Selected Interdisciplinary Bibliography

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 105 628 EA 007 064

AUTHOR Booher, David E. TITLE Citizen Participation in Planning: Selected Interdisciplinary Bibliography. Exchange Bibliography No. 718. INSTITUTION Council of Planning Librarians, Monticello, Ill. PUB DATE Jan 75 NOTE 22p.; Exchange Bibliography No. 718 AVAILABLE FROM Council of Planning Librarians, P. O. Box 229, Monticello, Illinois 61856 ($2.00)

EDES PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$1.58 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Bibliographies; *Citizen Participation; *Interdisciplinary Approach; *Planning; *Public Policy

ABSTRACT This bibliography is an inventory of relevant materials in planning and related disciplines. It draws on research and theoretical perspectives from planning literature, economics, political science, psychology, public administration, and sociology. Section one suggests references that offer general and theoretical perspectives useful in the development of research frameworks. Section two contains selected references to empirical research and case studies that may provide useful background. Section threelists references that focus on research in other countries. (Author /MLF) Council of Planning LibrariansEXCHANGE BIBLIOGRAPHY

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CITIZEN PARTICI!'ATION IN PLANNING: SelectedInterdisciplinary Bibliography

David E. Booher Research Center, Graduate School of Planning University of Tennessee

Mrs. Mary Vance, Editor Post Office Box 229 Monticello, Illinois 61856 LI:chant,e Libliography I

PL.1'1,111TG:

.33LECT.,D LIZLIOGRk_PHY

David E. Booher Research Center Graduate Schodl of Planning University of Tennessee

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Citizen involvement in public policy formation has been a topic of concern in scholarly research since political theorists turned their attention to it in earliercenturies. hore recently, citizen participation has becamea topic of interest not only for academicians but for public policy practioners as well. Planners in particular seem to be vitally concerned with the importance of citizenparticipation in the planning process. Perhaps one element of this concern is the recognition that plans created without meaningful citizen input may be greeted with apathyor even open hostility. gut an equally important element is a relatively recent sensitivity to the need fir the planningprocess to reflect the values of those for whom the planningis accomplished.

Russell Train, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 1.gency, recently discussed the cruci alissues facing Lmerica in a speech before the iuuericanAssociation for the Axancement of Scienee. He suggested two needs which must be met if the issuesare to be resolved.

'IAA all levels of government,we need first, to strengthen our ability toassess problems and programs not simply in isolation, but in their interrelationships; not simply over the short- run, but over the longer span of 10 or 20 or 30 years; and second, to devise ways of keeping citizens abreast and involved in these longer- rake analyses and, on the basis of these, in developing and deciding upon basic plans and priorities as well as strategies for achieving them.-*

4WI1he quality of Growth.li ;3ciailce, CXXCIV, June 19 4, 1052. 2. CPL Exchange Bibliography 0718

Given the nature of these needs, it seems significant that Nr. Train focused upon them at a meeting of non-planners. Yet, while rapid technological advances seem to be making advances toward meeting the first need, little in the form of substantive accomplishments has been realized in the second. By-and-large planners and others still must rely primarily upon intuition and political "instinct" in efforts to involve citizens in the planning process. And while numerous general perspectives and limited case studies are being reported in the literature and at professional conferences, apparently no systematic research efforts are being directed at this important need.

Perhaps a first step toward such a Systematic effort is inventory of relevant materials in planning and related disciplines. That is the purpose of this bibliography.It draws upon research and theoretical perspectives not only from planning literature, but also from economics, political science, psychology, public administration, and sociology. Section one suggests references which offer general and theoretical perspectives that may be useful in the development of frameworks to help guide research. Section two suggests selected references to empirical research and case studies that may provide useful background.And section three suggests references which focus upon research in other countries.

A brief note on selection criteria seems appropriate. With the exception of particularly noteworthy works or significant works which have escaped attention, selection of entries has been limited to comparatively recent works. Past exchange bibliographies should be consulted for earlier sources. Selection of entries has also been guided by the importance of research in related fields. Rather than providing an exhaustive selection from one field, the compiler has attempted to include a typical sample from several literatures. Reference to these sources will help guide the reader toward additional sources.In addition, the following related Council of Planning Librarian Exchange Bibliographies may prove helpful:Numbers 5, 72, 76, 125, 187, 208, 210-211, 246, 258, 268, 396, and 559. 3. CPL BcchangeBibliography #718

I. THEOMICAL AND GEVIIAL PERSPECTIVES

Abrahamsson, Bengt. "Homans onExchange."American Journal of Sociology., LXXVI, September1970, 273-283:

Allutto, Joseph 4. and James A. Belasco. "ATypology for Participation in OrganizationL1 Decision Making." 1.dministrative Science Quarterly, XVII, March1972.

Arnold, John E. "People Involvement:Participation to Restore Confidence." Public Management, LIII, September 1971, 11.

Arnstein, Serry R. "A Ladder of Citizen Participation." Journal of the 14Jnerican Institute of Planners, XXXV, July3369;716-22/4.

Bachrach, Peter and Morton S. Baratz. Power and Povertyj Them and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970.

Bonfield, Edward C. Political Influence.New York: Free Press,1961.

. The Unheavenly City. Boston: Little, brown,1970.

Barker, Michael B. "Advocacy and ;.ins Architects." Journal of the American Institute of Architects LIV, July1970, 54.

Barnard, Chester I. The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,W

Baskin, Darryl. "American Pluraliaa:Theory, Practice, and Ideology." Journal of Politics, XXXII, February1970, 71-95.

Berelson, Bernard R."Democratic Practice and Democratic Theory."Public Opinion and PublicPolio".Edited by Mormon Luttbeg. Homewood, Illinois: The Dorcey Press, 1968.

Bettelheim, Bruno. The Informed Heart: Autonomy in a Mass 1123. New York: Free Press 190.

Blau, Peter M. Exchange and Power in Social Life.New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,19614.

Bolle, Arnold N. "Public Participation and Environmental Quality." Natural Resources Journal, XI, July1971, 497-506. 14. CPL Exchange Bibliography / /718

Bonjean, Charles N., Terry Clark and Robert L. Lineberry, edo, CommunitypaliticaLILBehavioral Approach.New York: The Free Press, 1971.

Booher, David E. "A Theory of Participatory Planning." Unpublished M.S.P. Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1974.

Bresnick, David. "Decentralizing the City: Who Gets Control?" National Civic Review, LXII, October 1973, 146-1493..

Brooks: Bichael P. Social Plantlys and Cit Plannin . Planning Advisory Service Report Ho. 2 1.Chicago: American Society of Planning Officials. September 1970.

Browne, Ivore. "Why Community Participation?" Administration XXI, Spring 1973, 41-44.

Buchanan, James M. and Gordon Tullock. The Calculus of Consent. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1962.

Burke, D. Barlow, Howard H. Foster and Peter H. Nash. "Urban Public Policy Participation Networks."Urban and Social Chanseppview, III, Spring 1970, 15-19.

Burke, Edmund Ni. "Citizen Participation Strategies." Journal of the American Institute of Planners, XXXIV, September 196B, 287-293.

Cartwright, Dorwin. "Achieving Change in People: Some Applications of Group Dynamics Theory." el.;_a,tHlmanRdons IV, No. 4, 1951, 387.

ed. Studies in Social Power.Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, 19

Chatterjee, Pranab and Raymond k. Koleski. "The Concepts of Community and Community Organization: A Review." Social Work, XV, July 1970, 82-92.

Cheney, Ruth."Advocacy Planning: What It Is How It Works." Progressive Architecture, XLIV, September 1968.

Coleman, James S.Ccamunity Conflict.Hew fork: The Free Press, 1957.

Conn, Paul H. "Social Pluralism and Democracy." American Journal of Political Science, XVII, May 1973, 213-236.

Cunningham, James V. "Citizen Participation in Public Affairs."Public Administration Review XXXII, October 1972, 589-652.-- 5. CPL rachange Bibliography 016

Dahl, Robert A. "The Analysis of Influence in LocalCcmmunitie:l." SociE.' Science and CommunityAc :ion. Edited by Charles Adrian. East Lansing: Institute for Community Development and Services, 1960.

. E2L.ya re Participation and Cpposition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.

. Preface to Democratic Theom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956.

Davidoff, Paul. "Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning." Journal of the American Institute ofPlanners, XXXI, Hovember 1965, 331-337.

and Linda Davidoff. "Commentary: Underlying hssumptions of Advocacy Planning." Journal of the American Institute of Planners,XL, January 1974, 39, 46.

and Thomas Reiner. hi. Choice Theory of Planning." Journal of the American Institute ofPlanners, X11IX, Kay 1962, 103-115.

Davies, J. Clarence.igloodsareiborlanenewal. New York: Columbia University Press, 19 .

Dixon, Robert G. "nebuilding the Urban PoliticalSystem: Some Heresies Concerning CitizenParticipation, Community Action, Metros, and One-Man-OneVote." Georgetown Law Journal LVIII, March-Kay 1970, 955-988.

Downs, Anthony. An Economic Theoryof Democres/. New York: Harper and Row, 1967.

Durkheim, Emile. The Division of Labour in Societe. Glencoe: Free Press, 197.

Easton, David. The Political System. New York: Knopf, 1953.

. "Some Limits of Exchange Theory in Politics." Socic3,21LALIrgula, LII, Nos. 3-4,1972, 129-148.

A Systems Analysis of Political Life.New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 19-116-5..

Elazar, Daniel J. "Community Self-Government and theCrisis of American Politics." Ethics, XXCII, January 1971, 91-106.

Fowler, Glenn. "Panel Asks Study of City Planning." New York Times, February 3, 1974, 56.

Frederickson, H. George, ed. Neighborhood Control in the 1970's; Politicst Administration and CitizenParticipation. New York: Chandler Publishing Co., 1973.

°41 6. caEd-cchange Bibliography 018

Friedmann, John. The Public Interest an-1.ICommurity Interest." Journal of the American Institute of Planners, January1973, 2, 4-7.

. Retrackin.7 America: ATheory of Transactive Planning. Garden City: Anc: or Press/Doubleday,1973.

and Barclay Hudson. "Knowledge and Action: Guide to Planning Theory." Journal of the American Institute of Planner!, XL, January3T74,2-716.

Goodman, Hobert. After the Planners. New York: Amon Schuster,1971.

Grove, J. L. and S. C. Proctor. "Citizen Participation." Journal of the Town Planning Institute., LII, December 1966, 269-276.

Haefele, 3thain T. Representative Government and Environmental Management. Baltimore: Published for Resources for the Future by Johns Hopkins University Press,1974.

Hampton, William and Jeffrey J. Chapman. "Toward Neighbourhood Councils." The Political Quarterly, :III, July-September 1971, 247-25$:.

Sane, John D. "The Independence Plan for Neighborhood Councils: Participation by the Middle Class." Midwest Reviewof Public Adrdnistration, VII, July1973, 155-162.

Hanson, doyc e . "Toward a Hew Urban Democracy:Metropolitan Consolidation and Decentralization." Georgetown Law Journal, LVIII, March-May1970, 863-900.

Hart, David K. "Theories of Government Related to Decentralization and Citizen Participation." Public ks.dministration Revisr., XXXII, October1972, 60521.

Henderson, Hazel. "Information and the New Movements for Citizen Participation." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, CCCCXII, March197..4 314-h3.

Herbert, Adam U. "Management Under Conditions of Decentralization and Citizen Participation." PublicAdministration aeviewo LCXII, October1972, UT-637.

Hetherington, J .11.0. "Community Participation:A Critical Review." LawandContemporary Problems, MCXVI , Winter 1971, 13-3E

Hofstadter, Richard.American Political Tradition.New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.,191f. 7. CPL Exchange Bibliography #718

Homans, George C. Social Behavior. Pew York: Harcourt, Brace and Uorld, 19Z-17

"Social Behavior as Exchange."American Journal of Socidlogy, LXIII, September 1958,

Kafoglis, iiadelyn L. "Equality of Cpportunity in Decision ?-faking." American Journal of and XXIX, January 1970, 1-17.

Kaplan, Marshall. "Advocacy and the Poor."Journal of the American Institute of PlannersXXX)i, March 3J6979-6:101.

Kariel, Henry. The Decline of American Pluralism. Stanford: Stanford University Pre. 1901.

Kaufman, Arnold S. "Human Nature and ParticipatoryDemocracy." The Etas of Pluralism.Edited by William E. Connally. New York: Atherton Press, 1969.

Key, V. O. Public Opinion and AmericanDemocracy.New York: AlfredA.Knopf, 19-617

with Milton C. Cummings. TheRe onsible Electorate. New York: Vintage Books, 19 .

Xornhauser lantern.Politics of Mass Society. Glencoe: Free Press, 1959.

Kotler, Tilton. Neighborhood Government: The Local Foundations of Political Life. Indianapolis: Bobbs-herrill Company,

Kreps, Garyit.and Dennis E. Wenger. "Toward a Theory of Community Conflict: Factors Influencing the Initiation and Scope of Conflict." SociologealQuarterly, Spring 1973, 158-174.

Larson, Calvin, Jr. and PhiloC. IJasburn. Power Partici ation and Ideology, New York! DavidlicKey 19 .

Levi-Strauss, Claude. "The Principle of Reciprocity." Sociological Theory.Edited by Lewis A. Coser and Bernard Rosenberg. New York: Lacmillan, 1951. Lindenfield F. "Economic Interest and PoliticalInvolvement." Public Opinion Quartekly,XXIIX, Spring 1964, 104-111.

Upset, Seymour 1. Political Man: The Social Basis of Politics. Garden City: Doubleday and Company, 1962. 8. CPL Exchange Bibliography #718 Long, Huey 13.,:,:obert C. Anderson and Jon A. Alubaugh. broaches to ConnuniIyl_Llvelopment.Iowa City: National Universityctension Association and American College Testing Program, 1973. Long, Horton."The Local Community as an Ecology of Games." hmerican Journal of Sociology., LXVI, November 1958, -561.21-2 Harris, Peter and Martin Rein.Dilemma of Social Reform. London:Atherton, 1967. Martin, Roscoe.Grass Roots:Rural Democraci in America. Second edition.New York:Harper and Row, Inc., 1964. Mazziotti, Donald F."The Underlying Assrmptions of Advocacy Planning:Pluralism and Reform."Journal of the American Institute of Planners, XL, January 1974, 38, 40-47.

Meeker, B. F."Decisions and Exchange."American s1 Review, XXXVI, June 1971, 485-495. Merton, nobert K.Social Theory and Social Structures. Second edition.Glencoe:Free Press, 1957. Hiller, S. H. and Martin Rein."Participation, Poverty and Administration."Public Administration Review, =EX, January 1969, 15-24. iioon, J. Donald."Participation and Democracy:A Review Essay." Midwest Journal of Politics, XVI, August 3.972. Morrison, Larry P."Toward Improving the Process of Citizen Participation."Paper presented at the 56th annual meeting of the American Institute of Planners, Atlanta, Georgia, October 1973. ',alder, Mark."Political Equalization Through Participation?" Administrative Science rMarterlz, XVI, March 1971, 31-39. Nisbet, Robert A."The Journal Forum:Commentary to the Public Interest and Community Participation."Journal of the American Institute of Planners., XXXIX, January 1973, 3)13-'9-

.The Quest for Comnunitz.Flew York: Oxford University Press, 37-53. Olson, Mancur.Logic of Collective Action:Public Goods and the Theo7 of Gross. Hew York:Schocken Brooks, 19.687

0 J. CPL Exchange Libliography #718

Orbell, John N. "An Informational-Flo Theory of Cormunity Influence." Journal of Politics, XXXII, hay 1970, 3 1-338.

and Toru Uno. "A Theory of Heighborhood Problem Solving: Political Action vs. Residential Lictility." American Political Science Review LXVI, June 1972, Di :Ea.

Pardue, Howard We, Jr. "Urban Planning and the Stimulation of Ciyizen Participation." Unpublished N.S.P. Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1968.

Pateman, Carole. Participation and Democratic Them. Oxford: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Peattie, Lisa R. "Reflections on Advocacy Planning." Journal of the American Institute of Planners XXXIV, Narch 1j 6B, 80-Z8.

Pitkin, Hanna. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 067.

Polsby, Helson L.CommunitypowEand Political Theory. Heu Haven: Yale University Press, 706-3.

Renshon, Stanley A. Psychological illeads and Political Behavior: A Theorzgparsonality and Political Efficam.Riverside, Hew Jersey: The Free Press, 19714. i.ker, William H. A Theory of Political Coalitions.New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962.

Rokkan, Stein."The Comparative Study of Political Participation." Essays in the Behavioral Stuck_of Politics. Edited by Austin Ranney. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1962.

Rosenblum, Constance S. "The Frustrations of Community Involvement."Nations Cities, X, July 1972, 17-21.

Salisbury, Robert H. "Urban Politics: The New Convergence of Power." Journal of Politics, XXVI, November 1964, 775-797.

Schattschneider, E. E. The Semi-Sovereign Peo le. New

York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 19 03.

Schmandt, Henry J. "hunicipal Decentralization: An Overview." Public Administration Review XXXII, October 197277i-588.

41 10. CPL Exchange Bibliography ens

Scott, William G. "Organizational Governmer%: The Prospect for a Truly Participative System." Public Administration RevieD XXIX, January 1969, 43-52.

Sennett, Richard. The Uses of Disorder. New York: Vintage Books, 1970.

Shalala, Donna 3. "Neighborhood Government: Has the Time Come?"National Civic Review LXI, April 1972, 185-189.

Singlemann, Peter. "Exchange as Symbolic Interaction: Convergences Between Two Theoretical Perspectives." American Sociological Review XXXVII, August 1972, MR.723.

Smith, Richard W. "A Theoretical Basis for Participatory Planning."Policy Sciences IV, September 1973, 275-296.

Spiegel, Hans B. C., ed. Citizen Participation in Urban Development.Washington: National Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, 1969.

Taebel, Delbert A."Citizen Groups, Public Policy and Urban Transportation."Traffic Quarterly, XXVII, October 1973, 503-515.

Taft, Charles P. "Citizen Participation in Planning and the City Government Structure." Planning 1969. Selected papers from the ASPO National Planning Conference, Cincinnati, April 1969. Chicago: American Society of Planning Officials, 1969.

Thursz, David. "Community Participation: Should the Past be Prologue ?"American Behavioral ScientistXV, May- June 1972, 733-71E

Train, Russell E. "The Quality of Growth."Science, CXXCIV, June 7, 1974, 1050-1053.

Truman, David B. The Governmental Process. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1951.

Verba, Sidney. "Democratic Participation.' Annals of the AmericanAcyltszof Political and Social Science 000LXII Seliteibea196q,5PW.------

ilorman H. Nie, Ana Barbic, Galen Irwin, Henk Holleman and Goldie Shebad. "The Hodes cf Participation: Continuities in Research."Conktrative Political Studies, VI, July 1973, 23515.0.

4 01 11. CPL Exchange Bibliography /;'718

Waldman, Sidney it. "Exchange Theory and Political Analysis." 6ocioloical Inquiry, XLII, Dos.3-4, 1572, 101-128.

Wilcox, Herbert G. "Hierarchy, Human Nature, and the Participative Panacea." Public ji dmini stration Review :MIX, January1969, 53-64.

Yates, Douglas T. Neighborhood Democracy: The Politics and Impact of Decentralization. Lexington, liasnn-hu-etts: Lexington Books,1973.

. "Neighborhood Government." Policy Sciences, III, July1972, 209-218.

II. HISTORICAL ADD alPIBICAL PERSPECTIVES

Aberbach, Joel D. "Alienation and Political Behavior."American Political Science Review, LXII, March 1969, 86-99.

and Jack L. Walker. "Citizen Desires, Policy Outcomes and Community Control." Urban Affairs Quarterly, VII, June1972, 55-76.

Abrahamson, Julia. A Neighborhood Finds Itself.New York: Harper,1959.

Agger, Robert, Daniel Goldrich and Bert Swanson. Rulers and the Ruled:Political Power and Impotence in American Communities.New York: John Wiley and Sons, 19614.

Alford, Robert R. and Harry N. Scoble."Source of Local Political Involvement." American Political Sc i ence Review LXII, December1966, U92-1206.

and E. C. Lee. "Voting Turnout in Lmerican Cities."American Political Science Review, MI, September1968, 796413.

Allport, Gordon. "The Psychology of Participation." parlalsia_cal Review, LII, May1945, 117-132.

Archer, Dane. "Power in Groups: Self-Concept Changes of Powerful and Powerless Group Members." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, X, April June1974, 208-221.

Baer, Michael A. and Dean Jaros. "Participation as Instrument and Expression: Some Evidence from the United States." American Journal of Political ScienceXVIII, May1974, 365-384,

Ball, Carleton. "Citizens Help Plan and Operate Action Programs." Land PoLiczaevieja III, }larch1940, 19-27.

13 12. CPL Exchange Bibliography ,,718

Barnett, Jonathan. "A Planning Process with Built -in Political Support." Architectural Record, May 1966.

Barss, Reitzel and Associates. Community ction and Institutional Change. Report to the Office of Economic Cpportunity, Washington, D.C., July 1969. Cambridge: Barss, Reitzel and Associates, 1969.

Becker, B. and J. Carroll. "Ordinal Position and Conformity." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, LXIV, April 1962, 139-141.

Bell, Wendell and Maryanne T. Force. "Urban Neighborhood Types and Participation in Formal Associations." American Sociolo 'cal Review, XXI, February 1956.

Bennett, Stephen E. and William R. Klecka. "Social Status and Political Participation: A Multivariate Analysis of Predictive Power."Midwest Journal of Political Science, XIV, February 1970, 355--587.

Blecher, Earl M.Advocacy.. Planningfor Urban Development. Hew York: Praeger Publishers, 1971.

Bledsoe, Thomas. Or We'll All HanaSeparately: The Highlander Idea. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969.

Booher, David 2. "Political Participation of the Poor and the Community Action Program." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Tulane University, 1970.

Brager, George L. and Francis P. Purcell, eds. Community_ ActicE_Lgainst Povert/.New Haven: College and University Press, 1967.

Bryan, Frank M. "Town Meeting Government Still Supported in Vermont." National Civic Review, LXI, July 1972, 348-351

Burke, D. Barlow, Jr. "The Threat to Citizen Participation in Model Cities." Cornell Law Review, LVI, May 1971, 751-779.

Burke, Edmund M. "Citizen Participation in Renewal." Journal of Houslag, XXIII, January 1966, 18-25.

Burateiui Paul. "Social Structure and Individual Political Participation in Five Countries."American Journal of Sociolab LXXVII, May 1972, 1087-1110.

Chlwdhry, Kamla and Theodore Newcomb. "Relative Abilities of Leaders and Non-Leaders to Estimate Opinions of Their Own Groups." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, XLVII, January 1952, 51-57. 13. CPL Exchange Bibliography #718

"Citizen Participation in Urban Renewal." Columbia Law Review LXVI, March1966.

Clark, Kenneth B. and Jeannette Hopkins. ARelevant War tainst Poverty. New York: Harper and Row,1969.

Cole, Richards L. Citizen Participation and the Urban Policy Process. Lexington,Massachusetts: Lexington Books,1974.

Crain, Robert L. and Donald B. Rosenthal. "Community Status as aDimensionof Local Decision-Making."American Sociological Review, XXXII, December1967, 970-9-817.

Crensun,Matthew. "Organizational Factors in Citizen Participation." Journal of Politics, XXXVI, May19714, 356-378.

Cunningham, James V. "Drafting the Pittsburgh Charter: How Citizens Participated." National Civic Review LXIII, September1974, 1410-415.

Cutright, Phillips and Peter H. Rossi. "Grass Roots

. Politicians and the Vote." American Sociological Review, XXIII,April 1958, 171-179.

Dahl, Robert A.Who Governs? New Haven: Yale University Press,1961.

Davis, James W. "Decentralization, Citizen Participation, and Ghetto Health Care."American Behavioral Scientist, XV, September-October1971791-107.

Emerson, Richard M. "Power-Dependence Relations."American SocioloKical Review, XXVII, January1962, 31-41.

Feldman, Ronald A. "Power Distribution,Integrationand Conformity in Small Groups."American Journal of Sociology, LXXIX, November1973, 639-6614.

Fischer, Claude S. "On UrbanAlienationsand Anomie: Powerlessness and Social Isolation." American Sociological aeviem, XXXIIX, June 1973, 311-326.

Foladare, Irving S. "The Effect of Neighborhood on Voting Behavior."Political-Science Quarterly,=ail December19613, 516-53.9.

Gaines, i.ustin Pearce. "AnExaminationof Advocacy Planning as a Form of Citizen Participation in the Urban Planning Process." Unpublished M.S.P. Thesis, University of Tennessee,1969. 14. CPL Exchange Bibliography #718

Gerard, Harold B. "The Anchorage of Opinions in Face-to-Face Groups."Human Aeljlior VII, No. 3, 1954, 313-326.

Goldblatt, Harold. Citizen Participation in Urban Renewal: Washington, D.C. Washington: Health and Welfare Council of the National Capital Area, January 1966.

Greenstone, J. David and Paul E. Peterson. Race and Authority in Urban Politics. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1973.

Groves, Patricia H. "Computer Simulation of Interaction in Decision Making." Behavioral Science, XV, May 1970, 277-285.

Hedlund, Ronald D. and H. Paul Friesema. "Representatives' Perceptions of Constituency Opinion."Journal of Politics, XXXIV, August 1972, 730-752.

Hare, A. Paul. "Group Decision by Consensus: Reaching Unity in the Society of Friends." oloical Inquiry, XLIII, No. 1, 1973, 75-88.

Harrison, Bennett. "The Participation of Ghetto Residents in the Model Cities Program." Journal of the American Institute of Planners, XXXIX, JanuaryTTUT-43-5.

Harsanyi, John C. "Measurement of Social Power: Opportunity Costs and the Theory of Two-Person Bargaining Games." Behavioral Science, VII, January 1962, 67-80.

Hester, Randolph, Jr. "Student Advocacy in Raleigh and the Community Development Process." Landscape Architecture, ixIT, July 1972, 331-334.

Hyman, Herbert H. "Planning with Citizens: Two Styles." Journal of the American Institute of PlannersXXXV, March 1969, 105-112.

Jackson, John S., III and William L. Shade. "Citizen Participation, Democratic Representation and Survey Research." Urban Affairs Quarter1b IX, September 1973, 57-9o.

Kirschner Associates, Inc.A Description and Evaluation of Advocacy Planning Projects. Washington, D.U.: Cffice of Economic Opportunity, January 1971.

Kramer, Ralph M. Participation of the Poor. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 0577---

Lane, Robert E. Political Life. New York: The Free Press, 1959.

4) tf-1 15. CPL :xchange Bibliography #718

Levine, Aaron. "Citizen Participation."Journal of the American Institute of Planners,XXVI, AugusfURTi95-200.

Lewis, John D. "Democratic Planning in Agriculture." American Political ScienceReview YJXV, April 1941, 232-249.

Lucas, Alastair R. arlPatrick A. Moore. "The Utah Controversy: ACase Study of PublicParticipation in Pollution Control." National Resources JournalXIII, January 1973, 36-75.

Lupon, Alan, Frank C. Colcord and Edmund P. Folder. Rites of way, Boston: Little Brown, 1971.

Lyden, Fremont and JerryThomas. "Citizen Participation in Policy-Making: A Study of a Community Action Program." Social Science Quarterly, L,December 1969, 631-642.

Mansbridge, Jane J. "Times Emotion, and Inequality: Three Problems of ParticipatoryGrcups.° Journal of plied Behavioral Science, IX,March-June 1973, 351366.

Marx, Gary T. and DaneArcher. "Citizen Involvement in the Law Enforcement Process."American Behavioral Scientist, XV, September-October 19711-52-71.

Maynard, Wayne. "Game Simulation and Community A dvocacy . ° Landscape Architecture, LXII, July 1973, 335-338.

McDill, S. L. and J.C. Ridley. "Status, Anemia, Political Alienation and PoliticalParticipation." American Journal of Sociology,LXVII, September 19677763:113.

Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments. "Operational Procedures and StaffingArrangements for the Establishment of Citizen AdvisoryCommittees of the Metropolitan Washington Council ofGovernments." Washington, D.C.: The Council, n.d.

Meyerson, Martin and Edward D. Banfield. Politics, Planning and the Public Interest. New York: Free Press, 1955. hilbrath, Lester. Political Participation. Chicago: Rand McNally and Company, 1965.

Mogulof, Melvin. "Coalition to Adversary: Citizen Participation in Three FederalPrograms." Journal of the America. Institute of Planners,XXXV, July 1969.

Morgan, David R. "Political Linkage and PublicPolicy: Attitudinal CongruenceBetween Citizens and Officials." Western Political Quarterlx,XXVI, June 1973, 209-223. 16. CPL Exchange Bibliography e718

Nie, Norman H., G. Bingham Powell and Kenneth Prewitt. " Social Structure and Political Participation: Developmental Relationships, I."American Political Science Review, LXIII, June 1969, 361-31E

and . "Social Structure and Political Participation: Developmental Relationships, II."American Political Science Review LXIII, September 1969, 11-8=132.

, SidneyVerba and Jae-cn Kim. "Political Participation and the Life Cycle." Comparative Politics, VI, April 1974, 319-340.

Padgett, Kenneth R., Jr. "Techniques for Active Cormunities: A Critique of One Attempt at Citizen Participation." Unpublished M.S.P. Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1973.

Parenti, Michael. "Power and Pluralism: A View from the Bottom." Journal of Politics) XXIII, August 1970,501-530.

Pecoul, John A. "Black Impotence in North Philadelphia: The Case of the 1965 Poverty Elections." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Tenplr. University, 1967.

Perrucci, Robert and Marc Pelisuk. "Leaders and Ruling Elites: The Interorganizational Bases of Community Power."American Sociological Review, XXXV, December 1970, 1040-1055.

Peterson, Paul E. "Forms of Representation: Participation of the Poor in the Community Action Program." American Political Science Review, LXIV, June 1970,491-077

Presthus, Robert.Men at thUsthStug in Communit Power.New York: Oxford University Press, 104.

Prewitt, Kenneth. "From the Many are Chosen the Few." American Behavioral Scialtist, XIII, November1969, ir97.887-

. "Political Ambitions, Volunteerism, and Electoral Accountability." American Political Science Review LXIV, March 1970, 5-17.

Raven, Bertram H. and John P. French. "Group Support, Legitimate Power and Social Influence."Journal of Personality, XXVI, September 1958, 400-409.

Richert, Jean Pierre. "Political Participation and Political Emancipation: The Impact of Cultural Membership." Western Political quarterly, XXVII, March 1974, 104-116. 17. CPL Exchange Bibliography ;1718

Savjtch, Harold V. "Powerlessness in an Urban Ghetto:Case of Political Biases and Differential Access in New York City." Polity) V, Fall 1972, 19-56.

Snowden, Otto and Muriel Snowden. "Citizen Participation." Journal of Housing, XX, September 1963, 435-439.

Strange, John H. "Citizen Participation in Community Action and Model Cities Programs."Public Administration Review) XXXII, October 1972, 655-669.

Sullivan, John L. and Robert L. O'Connor."Electorial Choice and Popular Control of Public Policy."American Political Science Review LXVI, December 1972, 1256-1266. oweeney, John W. "An Experimental investigation of the Free- Rider Problem." Social Science Research, II, September 1973, 277-292.

Van Ham Ltere, Judeth. "Facts and Fictions of Community Participation: The Boston Experience." Paper presented at the 56th Annual Conference of the American Institute of Planners, Atlanta, Georgia, October 1973.

Verba, Sidney and Norman H. Nie. Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social New York: Harper and Row, 1972.

Vosburgh, Lilliam IL and Drew Hyman. "Advocacy and Bureaucracy: The Life and Times of a Decentralized Citizen's Advocacy Program." Administrative Science Quarterly) XIIX, December 1973, 433.1448.

Warren, Roland L. "Model Cities First Round: Politics, Planning, and Participation." Journal of the American Institute of PlannersXXXV, July 1969, 245-252.

Weiss, Zachary. "Community Design Centers:hechanism for Citizen Participation in the Planning Process."Planning 1971. Selected papers from the ASPO National Planning Conference, New Orleans, 1971. Chicago: American Society of Planning Officials, 1971.

White, Elliott. "Articulateness and Political Mobility: An Analysis of the Philadelphia Antipoverty Program." Social Science_guanIrly, LI, March 1971, 900-909. wicker, Allan W., Joseph 3. McGrath and George E. Armstrong. "Crganization Size and Behavior Setting Capacity as Determinants of Member Participation."Behavioral Science) XVII, November 1972, 499-513.

T) 18. CPL Exchange Bibliography #718

Alson, Everett X. "Determinants of Participation in Policy Formulation in a College Cornunity." Human Relations VII, No. 3, 1954, 287-312.

Uilson) James Q. "Planning and Politics: Citizen Participation in Urban Renewal." Journal of the American Institute of Planners, XXIX, November 15Z-1,2]2 42

and Edward C. Banfield. "Public Regardingness as a Value Premise in Voting Behavior."American Political Science Review LVIII, December 1964) 876-877.

Wofford) John G. "Participatory Planning for Boston Hetro- Lrea Transportation." Civil Engineering, April 1973, 78-81.

Wnia, Bob L. "Federal Bureaucrats' Attitudes Toward a Democratic Ideology." Public Administration Review) XXXIV, March 1974, 156-162.

Zander, Alvin andT.Curtis. "Effects of Social Power on Aspiration Setting and Striving."Journal of Abnormal and Social pacholab LXIV, Januar:7-1962) 63 -7L

Timmerman, Joseph F. "The Politics of Meighborhood Government." Studies in Coarative Local Government) V, Summer 1971, 2 -39.

Zurcher, Louis A. "Poverty Program Indigenous Leaders:A Study of Marginality." Sociology and Social Research, LIII, January 1969, 147-1627

III. INTEMATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

Almond, Gabriel and Sidney Verba. The Civic Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.

Banovetz, James N. "flublic Participation in Local Government." Studies in Compartive Local Government) VI, Summer 1972, 54T0.

"Citizen Participation and Local Government in Europe: Comparative Lnalysis of 14 Country Reports.0 Studies in Comparative Local Government) V, Uinter 1971, 10-76.

"Citizen Participation and Local Government in the United States: An Analysis of Recent Research." Studies in Con2Fative Local Government, V, Winter 1971, 77-99. 19. CPL SXchange Bibliography 018

Haggorth, Soren. "Swedish -,?xperiments in Citizen Participation in Local Planning." Studies in Comparative Local Government, VII, Summer 1573, 57-3T.

Hoadley, J. Stephen. "Political Participation of Jong Kong Chinese: Patterns and Trends." Rsian Survey, lUII, June 1573, 604-616.

Kaufman, Clifford. "Urbanization, Material Satisfaction and Mass Political Involvement: The Poor in Mexico City." Comparative Political Studies, IV, Oc ober 1971, 295-320.

Lamare, Judith L. "Causal vs. Contextual Rnalysis: J Case Study of Brazilian Local Political Participation." Western Political QuarterlZ, 7CCVII, March 1974, 117-1142.

Passow, Shirley S. "Stockholm's Plannars Discover People Power."Journal of the American Institute of Planners, XXXIX, January 1973, 23754.

Pratt, Raymond B. "Parties, Neighborhood Associations and the Politicization of the Urban Poor in Latin America." Midwest Journal of Political Science, XV, August 1971,

Presthus, Robert. Elites in the Policy Process. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1514.

Pye, Lucian W.as scts of Political Development. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 19'66. achardson, Bradley "Urbanization and Political. Participation: The Case of Japan."American Political Science Ravin LXVII, June 1973, 433745'2.

:'oss, hare Howard. "Two Styles of Political Participation in an African City."American Journal of Political Science, XVII, February 1973, 1-22.

Rosser, Colin. "Rction Planning in Calcutta: The Problem of Community Participation." Journal of Developmental Studies VI, July 1970, 121-239.

Side', Victor W. and Ruth Sidel. "The Delivery of Medical Care in China." Scientific American, CCXXX, Rpril 1974, 19-27.

Skok, James E. "Participation in Decision baking: The Bureaucracy and the Community."Western Political Quarterly XXVII, March 1974, 60 -79. 20. CPL 21xciaange 3ibliegraphy Townsend, James J.Political Partici Ration in Corrantriist China.Berkeley:University of California Press, 1967. Weiner, liyron."Violence and Politics in Calcutta."Journal of 1,sian StudiesXX, flay 1961, 275-281. Wong, 4_1ine .C."Chinese Community Leadership in a Colonial Setting:The Hong icong Neighborhood 11Ssoci a ti on s " i.sian Survey, XII, July 1972, 587-601.

COUZCIL OF PLI-dINIFG axchange Bibliography #718

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