Digitaria Spp.) Improvement
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Demographic Characteristics, Agricultural and Technological Profile of Acha Farmers in Nigeria
March, 2012 Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal Open access at http://www.cigrjournal.org Vol. 14, No.1 89 Demographic characteristics, agricultural and technological profile of acha farmers in Nigeria Theresa K. Philip, Isaac N. Itodo (Dept. of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria) Abstract: A quantitative research was undertaken to determine the demographic characteristics, agricultural and technological profile of acha farmers using structured questionnaire. The demographic profile of the respondents showed that 44% of the farmers are 30 - 44 years old, 25% aged 45 - 59 years, 17% are 15 - 29 years old and 10% are 5 - 14 years old, while 4% represented those of 60 years and above. Farmers that had no formal education were 57%, those that went through adult education were 8%, while the remaining 18%, 14% and 3% had primary, secondary and tertiary education respectively. Regarding agricultural profile the study showed that most of the acha farmers have farm holdings of less than 3 ha and most of them planted the white acha (Digitaria exilis) variety. All the farmers use manual power, emanating from self, hired, family or communal labour employing the hand-tool technology. Acha production and processing is at zero mechanization level, therefore 100% of the farmers indicated a desire for the mechanization of acha farming operations. This information is an indication that acha production needs to be mechanized and this can be done by introducing simple motorized technologies affordable to the farmers. Keywords: acha farmers, agriculture, demographic characteristics, digitaria spp, Nigeria, technological profile Citation: Philip, T.K., and Isaac N. -
Allelopathic Potential of Mustard Crop Residues on Weed Management
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 16(3): 372–379, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i3.39398 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online) Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University Journal home page: http://baures.bau.edu.bd/jbau, www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBAU Weed diversity of the family Poaceae in Bangladesh Agricultural University campus and their ethnobotanical uses Ashaduzzaman Sagar, Jannat-E-Tajkia and A.K.M. Golam Sarwar Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh ARTICLE INFO Abstract A taxonomic study on the weeds of the family Poaceae growing throughout the Bangladesh Agricultural Article history: University campus was carried out to determine species diversity of grasses in the campus. A total of 81 Received: 03 July 2018 species under 46 genera and 2 subfamilies of the family Poaceae were collected and identified; their uses Accepted: 19 November 2018 in various ailments were also recorded. Out of the three subfamilies, no weed from the subfamily Published: 31 December 2018 Bambusoideae was found. Among the genera, Digitaria, Eragrostis, Brachiaria, Panicum, Echinochloa and Sporobolus were most dominant in context to number of species with a total of 29 species. While 28 Keywords: genera were represented by single species each in BAU campus; of these 15 genera were in Bangladesh as Grass weeds; Phenology; well. Some of them are major and obnoxious weeds in different crop fields including staples rice and Taxonomy; BAU campus; wheat. The flowering period will be helpful for the management of respective weed population. Many of Ethnobotanical uses these weed species have high economical, ethnomedicinal and other uses. -
Common Edible Plants of Africa
Domesticates Geographical Distribution Morphology/Description Common, edible fruits Oil Palm Tropical Africa, cannot tolerate full A tree. The oil palm is now one of the most economically Elaeis guineensis shade, but prefers disturbed important palms in Africa. It has a walnut-size fruit habitats5 clustered in big pods, with a fibrous pulp rich in oil (which is rich in energy, fatty acids, and a great source of Vitamin West African origins, but has 6, A). Within the husk is a hard-shelled seed containing an spread throughout tropical Africa edible kernel (eaten by chimps and people). (The sap is tapped to make palm wine too.) The species still grows wild, as well as being cultivated and planted by people. The wild form growing in the Ituri Forest in the Congo, provides 9% of the total caloric intake for the Efe pygimies, for example (Bailey and Peacock 1988, McGrew 1992). Okra Savanna, full sun areas Possible originated in East Africa6 Hibiscus esculentus5 Melon Continent Wild varieties of this melon still grow in many arid and Citrullus lanatus5 semi-arid regions of the continent. They are smaller, and more bitter/toxic than the domestic versions. Gourd Tropical Africa Lagenaria siceraria7 Desert Date Dry regions of the continent Scrambling shrub. Fruits are 1-2 inches long, with fibrous, Balanites aegyptiaca oily flesh and large seed. Baobab Widespread in south-central Africa Large tree with huge trunk. Dry, fleshy pods 8-10 inches Adansonia digitata in semi arid regions long containing numerous seeds P380: Common edible plants of Africa - 1 - Horned melon, wild cucumber Widespread in Savannas Wild varieties of cucumis, the cucumber genus, grow Cucumis (many species) widely as spreading vines on the ground in savanna regions. -
Fonio 1 Fonio Scientific Classification Kingdom: Plantae (Unranked)
Fonio 1 Fonio Fonio Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Monocots (unranked): Commelinids Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Digitaria Species: D. exilis Binomial name Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf Synonyms Paspalum exile Kippist Syntherisma exilis (Kippist) Newbold Fonio is the term for cultivated grains in the Digitaria genus. These are notable in parts of West Africa in addition to one species in India. The grains are very small. The name (borrowed by English from French) is from Wolof foño "Digitaria exilis," itself from one of the Mande languages (cf. Bambara fini).[1] Fonio 2 Types White fonio (Digitaria exilis) White fonio (D. exilis), also called "hungry rice," is the most important of a diverse group of wild and domesticated Digitaria species that are harvested in the savannas of West Africa. Fonio has the smallest seeds of all species of millet. It has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable use of the land. Fonio has continued to be important locally because it is both nutritious and one of the world's fastest growing cereals, reaching maturity in as little as six to eight weeks. It is a crop that can be relied on in semi-arid areas with poor soils, where rains are brief and unreliable. The grains are used in porridge and couscous, for bread, and for beer. Some regions in which this crop is important are the Fouta Djallon region of Guinea, the Akposso area of Togo and Central Nigeria. In Togo, fonio (called ɔva) is primarily a women's crop; it and cowpeas are used to make a traditional dish. -
Assessment of Fonio (Digitaria Exilis) As Ghana 1
Assessment of fonio (Digitaria exilis) as a dietary intervention in Northern Ghana By AFRAM YAYRA NUS CONFERENCE PRESENTATION - 26/09/13 1 ORDER OF PRESENTATOIN INTRODUCTION. IMPORTANCE OF FONIO. USES OF FONIO. PROBLEM STATEMENT. JUSTIFICATION. OBJECTIVE. STUDY SITE FONIO AS A DIETARY INTERVENTION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 2 INTRODUCTION Fonio (Digitaria Exilis and Digitaria iburua) is an important cereal in the West Africa Sub – Region and elsewhere. It originated from West Africa and spread to East and Central Africa. Its cultivation is thought to date back to 5000 B.C. (Purseglove, 1988) Family: Poacea Sub-family: Panicoideae Sub-tribe: Digitariinae Genera: Digitaria 3 INTRODUCTION CONT… 4 INTRODUCTION CONT… Fonio crop growing on the field 5 INTRODUCTION CONT… polished fonio (A) and unpolished fonio (B) 6 IMPORTANCE OF FONIO Fonio is believed to be among the world’s tastiest and most nutritive cereal (National Research Council, 1996). It does well in poor marginal soils and matures earlier than the major known cereals hence the name – hungry rice. Fonio provide food to about 4 million people in Africa. Asides digestible carbohydrate, the grain contains essential protein : methionine, cystine, lysine, which are missing in major cereals and highly recommended for expectant mothers and malnourished children. ( CIRD news file, 2009) 7 SCALE OF PRODUCTION 8 Source : J F Cruz, 2008 NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FONIO Cereal Protein (%) Lipid (%) Minerals (%) Carbohydrate (% whole polished whole polished whole polished whole polished Fonio 9 – 11 7 – 9 3.3 - 3.8 0.8 – 1 1 – 1.1 0.3 – 0.6 84 – 86 89 – 91 Sorghum 11 10 3.5 1.2 1.2 0.5 84 88 Millet 12 11 4 1.2 1.2 1.2 83 87 Maize 11 10 4.5 1 1.3 1 83 88 Rice − 8 − 0.9 − 0.5 − 90 9 USES OF FONIO The grain can be processed to prepare jollof, or eaten with stew used to prepare porridge, tuo zaafi, bread biscuit etc. -
Potential of Acha (Digitaria Spp.) Grains As Feedstuff for Chicken Diets in the Wake of Covid-19 Pandemic Challenges: a Review 1Ukim, C
Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 2021, 48(4): 94 - 106 Nigerian Journal of Animal Production © Nigerian Society for Animal Production Potential of acha (Digitaria spp.) grains as feedstuff for chicken diets in the wake of Covid-19 pandemic challenges: A review 1Ukim, C. I., *2Ndelekwute, E. K. 3Kennedy, O. O., 3Ayuk, A. A. and 3Agwunobi, L. N. 1 Department of Research and Development/Centre for Excellence, Tertiary Education Trustfund, Abuja, Nigeria 2Department of Animal Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria 3Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected];+2348061220967. Abstract Current fall in supply of feedstuff and high price of feed ingr edients is mainly due to Covid-19 pandemic which has put farmers out of farms. Maize, sorghum and millet the major cereal grains used in poultry feed production have become more expensive and strategies need to be adopted to ameliorate this. Hence a review study was carried out to unravel the potentials of acha grains as a feedstuff which is in the class of maize in poultry feeds. Acha is a tiny cereal grain grown in Northern part of Nigeria which is not popular in poultry feeds. Its starch content (80%) is high, low crude fibre (1.0%), appreciable level of lysine (more than 1.0%) and methionine (0.40%) and higher metabolizable energy (3700 Kcal_ME/kg) compared to maize. Its nutrient digestibility is high in terms of starch, crude protein and crude fibre. Though acha contains anti-nutritional factors such as tannins, saponin and phytic acid, the levels of the anti-nutritional factors are comparable to maize and are tolerated by chickens. -
Digitaria Exilis (Kippist) Stapf) from West Africa
agronomy Article Agromorphological Characterization Revealed Three Phenotypic Groups in a Region-Wide Germplasm of Fonio (Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf) from West Africa Abdou R. Ibrahim Bio Yerima 1,2 , Enoch G. Achigan-Dako 1,* , Mamadou Aissata 2, Emmanuel Sekloka 3 , Claire Billot 4,5, Charlotte O. A. Adje 1, Adeline Barnaud 6 and Yacoubou Bakasso 7 1 Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology and Seed Sciences (GBioS), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin; [email protected] (A.R.I.B.Y.); [email protected] (C.O.A.A.) 2 Department of Rainfed Crop Production (DCP), National Institute of Agronomic Research of Niger (INRAN), Niamey BP 429, Niger; [email protected] 3 Laboratory of Phytotechny, Plant Breeding and Plant Protection (LaPAPP), Department of Sciences and Techniques of Vegetal Production (STPV), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou BP 123, Benin; [email protected] 4 Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP), Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), F-34398 Montpellier, France; [email protected] 5 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), l’Institut Agro/Montpellier SupAgro, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France 6 Diversité, Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France; [email protected] 7 Faculty of Science and Techniques, University of Abdou Moumouni of Niamey, Niamey BP 10662, Niger; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +229-95-393283 or +227-96-401486 Received: 5 August 2020; Accepted: 17 September 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Fonio is an ancient orphan cereal, cultivated by resource-poor farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of West Africa, who conserved and used the cereal for nutrition and income generation. -
Comparative Studies of the Nutritional Value of Digitaria Iburua and Digitaria Exilis Seed Oils
Asian Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN: 2321 – 0893) Volume 06 – Issue 04, August 2018 Comparative Studies of the Nutritional Value of Digitaria Iburua and Digitaria Exilis Seed Oils Zakari Ladan1,*, L. Oguogho2, I. N. Akos3, B. B. Ayiya4, Y. Yakubu5 1Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria. 2Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria. 3School of Science Laboratory Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Kaura- Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria. 4Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. 5Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria. *Corresponding author’s email: zakariladan [AT] gmail.com _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT---- The oil content of brown and white acha seeds was extracted and characterized using the AOAC procedure. Consumption of these grains by people with health-related diseases necessitated this study to authenticate its nutritional values. The physicochemical characterization revealed the two oils to have low oil yields of high quality. Biochemical profiling of the seeds showed that both oils have high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins A and E and other minor constituents. These results indicate that brown and white acha seeds are excellent sources of healthy nutrients to humans. Keywords--- Digitaria iburua, Digitaria exillis, fatty acid methyl ester, GC-MS, Physicochemical properties ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTRODUCTION Brown acha (Digitaria iburua) and white acha (Digitaria exilis) are annual cereal crops indigenous to West Africa. Acha, also known as Hungry rice is generally classified as millet and is cultivated for their straw and edible grains. The two species have continued to receive increasing attention within the last ten years [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7]. -
Digitaria Exilis ) Grains : a Review
International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 2(1), 73-79, January (2013) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. Review Paper Structure and Nutritional Composition of Fonio ( Digitaria exilis ) Grains : A Review Ballogou Vénérande Y. 1, Soumanou Mohamed M. 1 *, Toukourou Fatiou 2 and Hounhouigan Joseph D. 3 1Unité de Recherche en Génie Enzymatique et Alimentaire, Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 2009 Cotonou, BÉNIN 2Laboratoire de Microbiologie et des Technologies Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 06 BP 1111 PK3 Cotonou, BÉNIN 3Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biotechnologie Alimentaires, Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, BÉNIN Available online at: www.isca.in Received 26 th November 2012, revised 3rd December 2012, accepted 18 th December 2012 Abstract Fonio is a traditional cereal which has often occupied a marginal position among the other cultures, in most of West African countries where it is cultivated, in spite of its cultural, nutritional and economic importance in many socio-cultural groups. Processing and utilization of fonio require adequate knowledge on its structural, chemical and nutritional characteristics which were the purpose of the present review. In this paper, the structure of fonio was reported and compared to the that of other major cereals, such as maize, rice, millet and sorghum. It seems that Fonio starch granules were like rice starches; hence some current applications of rice starch could be applied to that from fonio grains. -
ISSN. 1829 586X 46 TAKSONOMI GULMA PADI (Oryza Sativa)
Taksonomi Gulma Padi (Oryza sativa),...Dewi Rosanti ,...Sainmatika,...Volume 13,...No.1,...Juni 2016,...46-51 TAKSONOMI GULMA PADI (Oryza sativa) DI AREAL PERSAWAHAN JAKABARING PALEMBANG Dewi Rosanti e-mail: [email protected] Dosen Tetap Yayasan pad Fakultas MIPA Universitas PGRI Palembang ABSTRACT Taxonomic studies weeds of rice (Oryza sativa) in paddy fields Jakabaring Palembang was held in September to October 2015, the descriptive survey method. Sampling is done in a systematic way. Weeds found on land rice plant (Oryza sativa) consists of 1 divisio, 2 class, 7 order, 7 of family, genus and 12 species. All weeds are divisio Spermatophyta, which can be divided into class Dicotyledoneae. Family of Class Dicotyledoneae is Asteraceae as species Ageratum conyzoides (bandotan) and Crassocephalum crepidioides (sintrong); familia Convolvulaceae as species Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach); familia Euphorbiaceae as Acalypha indica (kucingan), Phyllanthus niruri (meniran) and Euphobia hirta (patikan kebo); familia Fabaceae as species Mimosa pudica var unijuja (shy daughter). Familia of class Monocotyledoneae are familia Cyperaceae as species Cyperus compressus (puzzle), Cyperus pilosus (puzzles) and Ischaemum timorens (jakut racket); familia Hydrocharitaceae as Blyxa echinosperma (junjung water); familia Poaceae as Digittaria longiflora (grass digataria). Keywords: weed, Oryza sativa, rice fields, taxonomy ABSTRAK Penelitian taksonomi gulma padi (Oryza sativa) di areal persawahan Jakabaring Palembang telah dilaksanakan pada -
Suspected Or Known Species on Patuxent Research Refuge
Appendix A. USFWS USFWS Tree Swallow Suspected or Known Species on Patuxent Research Refuge Appendix A. Suspected or Known Species on Patuxent Research Refuge Table A-1. Suspected or Known Bird Species on Patuxent Research Refuge 1 2 Rank Rank 3 6 5 4 Heritage Heritage Status Refuge E Refuge Status & E on on T & Natural 7 Natural T 30 Common Name Scientific Name Breeding Seasons State BCR Global State Federal WATERBIRDS American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus G4 S1 S2B I Yr M S1N Anhinga Anhinga anhinga Sp Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon Yr B Black‐crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax G5 S3B S2N SpSF M Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis SpF Common Loon Gavia immer G5 S4N SpF Double‐crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus Yr Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus G5 S4B SpSF H Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias G5 S4B S3 Yr B S4N Great Egret Ardea alba G5 S4B SpSF Green Heron Butorides virescens Yr B Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus G5 S4N SpF H Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis G5 S2 S3B I SpS B M Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea G5 S3B SpSF M Pied‐billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps G5 S2B S3N Yr B Red‐necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena Sp Snowy Egret Egretta thula G5 S3 S4B SpSF M White Ibis Eudocimus albus SF Yellow‐crowned Night Nyctanassa violacea G5 S2B SpF M Heron WATERFOWL American Black Duck Anas rubripes G5 S4B S5N Yr B HH American Coot Fulica americana SpFW American Wigeon Anas americana SpFW M Blue‐winged Teal Anas discors SpSF Bufflehead Bucephala albeola SpFW H Canada Goose Branta canadensis Yr ? Canvasback Aythya valisineria G5 S3 S4N SpF -
Growth Responses, Competitiveness and Control of Digitaria Nuda (Schumach.) in Maize ( Zea Mays )
Growth responses, competitiveness and control of Digitaria nuda (Schumach.) in maize ( Zea mays ) by Elbé Hugo Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PhD in Agronomy In the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Department of Plant Production and Soil Science University of Pretoria Pretoria Supervisors: Prof CF Reinhardt Dr BJ Vorster Co-Supervisor: Dr AEJ Saayman-Du Toit January 2014 CONTENTS DECLARATION vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES viii ABSTRACT 1 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 3 1.1. History and description of Digitaria spp ... 3 1.2. Weed status and crop-weed competition 10 1.3. Germination characteristics 12 1.4. Control of crabgrass 14 1.5. Problem statement and impact of research 20 CHAPTER 2: Germination characteristics of the grass weed Digitaria nuda (Schumach.) 23 Abstract 23 2.1. Introduction 24 2.2. Materials and methods 26 2.2.1. Seed collection 26 2.2.2. Germination tests 27 2.2.3. Effect of pre-chilling 29 2.2.4. Data analysis of germination tests 29 2.2.5. Effect of burial depth 30 2.3. Results 32 2.3.1. Germination tests 32 2.3.2. Effect of pre-chilling 37 2.3.3. Burial depth 39 ii 2.4. Discussion 41 References 46 CHAPTER 3: A comparison between relative competitive abilities of naked crabgrass (Digitaria nuda Schumach.) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.) in two soil water regimens 50 Abstract 50 3.1. Introduction 51 3.2. Materials and methods 53 3.2.1. Plant material and growth conditions 53 3.2.2.