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Slavery, Agriculture, and Malaria in the Arabian Peninsula
Slavery, Agriculture, and Malaria in the Arabian Peninsula Benjamin Reilly OHIO UNIVERSITY PRESS ATHENS Contents List of Illustrations vii Preface and Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Traditional Arabian Agriculture 22 Chapter 2 Diggers and Delvers 49 African Servile Agriculture in the Arabian Peninsula Chapter 3 Case Study 82 Khaybar Chapter 4 Oasis Fever 102 Malaria as a Factor in Arabian Agricultural Slavery Chapter 5 Arabian Agricultural Slavery in the Longue Durée 123 Chapter 6 Conclusions 153 Notes 157 Glossary 181 Bibliography 185 Index 207 Introduction THE GOAL of this book is to describe, in as much detail as the sources permit, a system of slave and servile agricultural labor, employing mainly sub-Saharan Africans, which prevailed in the traditional Arabian Penin- sula. Previous studies of slavery in the Arabic world have focused almost exclusively on non-agricultural employments of slaves, most notably domestic labor, military servitude, or concubinage. The use of slaves in pro- ductive sectors of the economy such as agriculture has rarely been noticed in the literature, much less studied systematically. This book therefore is intended to address a quite considerable lacuna in our understanding of the institution of slavery, particularly African slavery, in the Arab world. As with most books about slavery, this book will deal heavily with the traditional concerns of social history: hierarchy, social mobility, demo- graphic processes, and the daily lives of subalterns. Nonetheless, this book belongs as much to the field of environmental history as it does to social history. As an academic subfield, the environmental history of the Middle East is only now beginning to be written. -
The Structure of Road Network Connectivity In
International Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Research Vol.5, No.1, pp.1-14, April 2020 Published by ECRTD- UK Print ISSN: 2059-2418 (Print), Online ISSN: 2059-2426 (Online) STRUCTURE OF ROAD NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IN THE BENUE BASIN OF NIGERIA Daniel P. DAM1; Davidson ALACI2; Vesta Udoo3; Jacob ATSER4 ; Fanan UJOH5 & Timothy GYUSE6 1Department of Geography Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi-Nigeria. 2Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Jos-Nigeria 3Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi-Nigeria. 4Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Uyo-Nigeria 5Centre for Sustainability and Resilient Infrastructure and Communities, London South Bank University, UK 6Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Nasarawa State University, Keffi-Nigeria Corresponding Author: Daniel P. Dam, [email protected] ABSTRACT: The structure of road network connectivity in any region can either promote or reduce agricultural production, market opportunities, cultural and social interactions as well as businesses and employment opportunities. This study evaluates road network connectivity in the Benue Basin of Nigeria. Data on the existing road network including type and conditions, density and length of the roads in the study area were extracted from existing road map of Nigeria, and satellite imagery of the Benue basin. The data was analysed using different methods of network connectivity analysis including beta index, alpha and gamma indices. The findings reveal four types of roads network in the basin which are grouped into three categories namely: federal highways (trunk A), state government roads (trunk B) and local government and community roads (trunk C) which are in various state of deplorable conditions. -
Exploration of Patient Safety Culture in Saudi Arabian Operating Theatres
The Culture in Safety Culture: Exploration of Patient Safety Culture in Saudi Arabian Operating Theatres Fahad Dhafer Algahtani Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Adelaide 2015 To my parents; Dhafer and Moneera You made me who I am Table of Contents 1.1. Saudi Arabian context ........................................................................................... 1 1.1.1. Saudi Arabia ................................................................................................ 1 1.1.2. Saudi culture ................................................................................................ 3 1.1.3. Saudi population .......................................................................................... 5 1.1.4. Health care system in Saudi Arabia ............................................................ 5 1.2. Aim and significance of the study ......................................................................... 8 1.3. Research questions ................................................................................................ 9 1.4. Thesis structure ...................................................................................................... 9 2.1. Search strategy .................................................................................................... 11 2.2. Patient safety terminology ................................................................................... 11 2.3. Prevalence of adverse events worldwide ............................................................ -
Community Advertising Seats
YOURCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITY MESSAGE HERE ADVERTISINGADVERTISING2424 hourshours aa day,day, 77 daysdays SEATS aaSEATS week,week, 365365 daysdaydayss aa year!year! concrete PUBLIC SUPPORT Operated by Bee Enterprises Ltd. since 1987 | 6 Central Road, Kingston 10 | Tel: 906-5356, Tel/Fax: 754-0614 The Easy Way to... Maintain a constant presence in your target communities while providing facilities that benefit the general public, building goodwill and enhancing your corporate image. P Create INSTANT AWARENESS P Build GOODWILL P Enhance your CORPORATE IMAGE P Maintain a CONSTANT PRESENCE ...Community Advertising Seats. The Basics —PUBLIC SEATING manufactured & maintained by Bee Enterprises Ltd. since 1987. —ADVERTISING SPACE on steel backrest and front of concrete seats —AVAILABLE FOR RENTAL ISLAND WIDE short or long term rental at demographically significant community locations —ARTWORK PRODUCTION BY BEE ENTERPRISES Clients may submit their design in specified formats per painted or printed final output; or let our Graphics Dept handle this for you. Artwork Specifications Our Graphics Department can design your artwork for a minimal cost otherwise use the following guidelines for submission of your design. Output Type Format Dimensions Vector based e.g. 72in x 24in Painted artwork* CorelDraw, Adobe or to scale Illustrator 73in x 25in Full Colour Print* JPEG, PSD OR PDF with 1in bleed Unit Dimensions The units (manufactured, installed & maintained by Bee Enterprises Ltd.) are composed of a 6ft x 2ft 16 gauge steel sign with steel- reinforced concrete modules. 72.00” ADVERTISING SPACE ON STEEL BACKREST & 24.00” 44.00” fRONT OF SEATS SURFACE 18.00” 20.50” Artwork Examples Painted Artwork Special Shape Sign/Painted Artwork Full Colour Print Painted Artwork/Seat Art Full Colour Print/Seat Artwork Paint & Print Combo Promotional Concepts Corporate Goodwill Directional YOUR This seat courtesy of.. -
In the Context of the Saudi News Media
A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details 1 Online news: A study of ‘credibility’ in the context of the Saudi news media Naif Mutlaq Alotaibi Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Sussex December 2016 2 I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be, submitted, either in the same or different form to this or any other University for a degree. Signature: 3 UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX Naif Mutlaq Alotaibi Online news: A study of ‘credibility’ in the context of the Saudi news media ABSTRACT This thesis explores the ‘credibility’ of news in Saudi Arabia, comparing online media with official newspapers. The latter are heavily regulated offering limited viewpoints. But the Saudi government has been less able to regulate online. Against a historical background of news development in Saudi Arabia, the thesis explores the rise of online from discussion forums established in the 1990s to online newspapers and social media. Largely qualitative methods (interviews, focus groups) plus a quantitative survey, were adopted to collect two sets of data: from educated readers, and from journalists working for online publications. -
Copyright Statement This Copy of the Thesis Has Been Supplied On
University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2012 Development of a framework for sustainable repair of adobe building in an urban area in Nigeria Shittu, Theophilus Adeyinka http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1008 University of Plymouth All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. Copyright Statement This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the author’s prior consent. i DEVELOPMENT OF A FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE REPAIR OF ADOBE BUILDING IN AN URBAN AREA IN NIGERIA By THEOPHILUS ADEYINKA SHITTU A Thesis Submitted to the University of Plymouth in Partial Fulfilment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Architecture, Design and the Environment University of Plymouth April 2012 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The realisation of this thesis was due to the effort of many people who assisted me in several ways. My thanks go first to my two supervisors Linda Watson and Mhairi Mackie for their diligent supervision. Your effort is deeply appreciated. I will also like to thank the British Commonwealth Scholarship Commission for awarding me full scholarship for this doctorate degree programme. -
Aspiring Powers, Regional Rivals Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the New Middle East
aspiring powers, regional rivals turkey, egypt, saudi arabia, and the new middle east Gönül Tol, David Dumke, eds. a collaboration between the middle east institute and the university of central florida aspiring powers, regional rivals turkey, egypt, saudi arabia, and the new middle east Gönül Tol, David Dumke, eds. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial Uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the publisher. Copyright © 2019 The Middle East Institute The Middle East Institute 1763 N Street NW Washington, D.C. 20036 Follow MEI: @MiddleEastInst /MiddleEastInstitute Contents Introduction vii Gönül Tol heirs of the empire: turkey's diplomatic ties with egypt 1 and saudi arabia until the mid-20th century Hakan Özoğlu turkey's relations with egypt and saudi arabia: 17 from hopes of cooperation to the reality of conflict Meliha Altunışık struggle for the center: egyptian relations with Saudi arabia 38 and turkey in the second decade of the 21st century Abderahman Salaheldin Saudi foreign policy 1932-2001: egypt, turkey, and regional priorities 56 David Dumke saudi arabia, egypt, and turkey: three regional powers on 71 the battleground of islam Thomas W. Lippman the political veneer of economic exchange: turkish relations 86 with saudi arabia and egypt Robert Mogielnicki conclusion 101 Gönül Tol Acknowledgements he production of this volume was a collaborative effort involving the hard work of many. -
Westminsterresearch Cultural Preservation in a Saudi Domestic
WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch Cultural Preservation in a Saudi Domestic Environment in the Eastern Province Aljamea, M. This is an electronic version of a PhD thesis awarded by the University of Westminster. © Ms May Aljamea, 2018. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: ((http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] Cultural Preservation in a Saudi Domestic Environment in the Eastern Province MAY M. ALJAMEA A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Westminster for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2018 This thesis is dedicated to my beloved children, Salma, Lama and Yousuf II Abstract This study constructs new understandings regarding the impact of the transformations that have taken place in the domestic environment of Saudi Arabia following the discovery of oil. While most previous research in this area has highlighted the loss of identity caused by this transformation, my research reveals how these developments have also resulted in new modes of cultural preservation in a domestic environment. It also explores the significant role of private museum making as a network of cultural practices that reflect and preserve Saudi culture for future generations. Despite the high price of land for housing and construction materials, some individuals in Saudi society have invested their savings to collect and preserve traditional artefacts in private museums in their homes. -
Visitbritain Market Profile
Market and Trade Profile GCC Market and Trade Profile: GCC Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and UAE Market and Trade Profile GCC Overview • This market profile provides statistics about the visitors from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), that is to say people of all nationalities residing in the six countries forming the GCC: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). • Chapter 1: Inbound market statistics provides insights on key statistics about GCC travellers and who they are. It takes a look at Britain and its competitive set as well as activities of Gulf visitors in the UK. • Chapter 2: Understanding the market takes a close look at Gulf consumer trends, booking, planning and further travel behaviour of this source market. Perceptions of Britain held by the Gulf residents are also highlighted. • Chapter 3: Access and travel trade shows how the Gulf residents travel to the UK, how to best cater for their needs and wants during their stay and gives insights into the Gulf travel trade. Further ways of working with VisitBritain and other useful research resources are pointed out. 2 Market and Trade Profile GCC Contents Chapter 1: Market statistics 1.1 Key statistics 6 1.2 Visitor demographics 18 1.3 Britain & competitors 23 1.4 Inbound activities 26 Chapter 2: Understanding the Market 2.1 Structural drivers 33 2.2 Consumer trends 38 2.3 Booking and planning 43 2.4 Reaching the consumer 46 2.5 Perceptions of Britain 52 Chapter 3: Access and Travel Trade 3.1 Access 57 3.2 Travel trade 61 3.3 Caring for the consumer 68 3.4 Working with VisitBritain 74 3.5 Useful resources 75 Appendix Individual inbound market overviews 77 3 Market and Trade Profile GCC Chapter 1: Inbound market statistics 4 Market and Trade Profile GCC Chapter 1: Inbound market statistics Chapter summary • The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) comprises six countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and 2016: the UAE. -
NSER Pre-Feasibility Study.Pdf
NORTH - SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAY (NSER) Pre-feasibility study Prepared for The Government of Adamawa State Technical Report 14 June 2010 Prepared by with AMZ Consultants, Wragge & Co, Udo Udoma & Belo-Osagie Table of Contents Acknowledgements............................................................................................... iii Study Team........................................................................................................... iii 1. Summary........................................................................................................ 1 2. Project Description ......................................................................................... 2 2.1. Proposed Route ............................................................................................................. 2 2.2. Design Parameters......................................................................................................... 3 2.2.1. Traffic Type, Speed and Capacity.....................................................................................................4 2.2.2. Gauge and Clearances .....................................................................................................................4 2.2.3. Traction............................................................................................................................................5 2.2.4. Ruling Gradient................................................................................................................................5 2.2.5. -
THE AMBITIOUS DREAM Nesma Water & Energy Celebrates Its 5Th Anniversary
Bringing our Nesma community closer through shared communications • Issue No. 28: April 2016 THE AMBITIOUS DREAM Nesma Water & Energy Celebrates its 5th Anniversary GROUPGROUPFEATURED EVENTS NEWS GROUP NEWS SUNFROM SAFETY THE COMMUNITY ABOUT NESMA INSIDER CONTACT US STAFF Nesma Insider is part of Nesma’s To speak with a member of our staff or commitment to the integration of the to send news for future issues, please EDITORIAL Nesma Group of companies with news, contact us at: Editor - Noura Alturki announcements, stories, articles and Editor - Aisha Yahya more. The newsletter encompasses all [email protected] the countries in which Nesma operates: Tel: + 966 12 669 3322 Ext: 1501 CREATIVE Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, the United Art Director - Steve Westfall Designer - Arwa Salem Arab Emirates, and beyond. For more news and updates please visit Production - Hassan Mansai www.nesma.com Issue No. 28, April 2016 - NESMA INSIDER 1 FEATURED ARTICLE THE AMBITIOUS DREAM Nesma Water & Energy Celebrates its 5th Anniversary n April 11, 2016, Nesma Water & Energy (NW&E) celebrated its 5th anniversary Osince establishment of the company by Saleh Al-Turki, President, Nesma Holding, Mahmoud Fallatah, CEO of NW&E and Eng. Abdulaziz Gabel. The last five years was a As a result of its phenomenal period filled with many challenges, obstacles and critical strategic decisions. Patience, growth growth, Nesma Water & management and teamwork were the main factors Energy was eligible to become in overcoming these circumstances and assuring a First Class Contractor by today’s success. the Ministry of Municipal and Within six weeks of inception, NW&E had secured Rural Affairs. -
The Socio-Economic Potential of the Emerging Film Industry in Saudi Arabia
European Journal of Sustainable Development (2021), 10, 1, 239-256 ISSN: 2239-5938 Doi: 10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n1p239 The Socio-economic Potential of the Emerging Film Industry in Saudi Arabia By Lamia Saud Shesha1, Nadia Yusuf2 ABSTRACT The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia transformed from a developing Middle Eastern nation into a regional power with ambitious projects in a variety of sectors. In this framework, the government proceeded to legalize cinemas in 2018, with an unprecedented step of issuing seven licenses for major cinema operating businesses. All of the prominent steps designed to promote the film industry align with the broader concept of expanding Saudi Arabia’s cultural and economic boundaries by adopting a path towards modernization and diversification. As the study seeks to investigate the social and economic prospects of the newly-established motion picture sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the review is based on the recent commitments and current plans by Saudi authorities and associated organizations. From the socio-economic perspective, the decision to lift the ban on theatres is a crucial milestone, allowing the country to strengthen its entertainment sector. Despite the diversity of suggested strategic plans, the consensus of the Saudi authorities is to stimulate both local and foreign businesses seeking to open new cinemas in Riyadh, Jeddah, and other cities. Keywords: Film industry, film growth, sustainable development, cinema, socio-economic scenario, socio-economic development, Saudi Arabia 1. Introduction Throughout four decades between the early 1980s and late 2010s, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia transformed from a developing Middle Eastern nation into a regional power with ambitious projects in a variety of sectors.