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Construction of an Economical Multitasking CNC Machine Final Degree Project Bachelor's degree in Industrial Electronics and Automatic Control Engineering ESEIAAT, UPC Construction of an economical multitasking CNC machine STUDENT: Comas Rabassa, Guillem DIRECTOR: Nejjari Akhi-Elarab, Fatiha DELIVERY DATE: 10th October 2018 Report Acknowledgements First, I want to thank my tutor, Fatiha Nejjari, for having agreed to guide me in this work despite not developing a topic of her specialization, and for her kindness and willingness. I must also thank Albert C. and Juan Carlos C. for guiding me in the steps prior to this work, and Oscar G. a key person who was present in the two most difficult decisions of my life and with whom I share many "laws of life". At the same time, getting here would not have been possible without the support, of course, of my parents and brother, partakers of my evolution as a person and accomplices of my journey as a child and young student. To the rest of my family, grandparents and uncles, thank you also for showing your interest in my work ... a special thanks to you Esther, today's work is dedicated to your person, thank you for all you have done for me during all this time. Before concluding, I also wanted to thank the entire Telegram 3D printing community for helping me in times of despair and guiding me in my conspiracy theories. In particular, to Javi D. and Alberto’s for sharing more than just a conversation about doubts and printers. Finally, I did not want to leave Paula's parents for helping me with the construction of the 3D printer, and my dear Paula... thank you for putting up with every bad day of overwhelm, frustration, and stress, and just keep going day in, day out. 1 Report ‘ General Index Glossary .............................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.1. Aim .................................................................................................................... 10 1.2. Scope ................................................................................................................ 10 1.3. Calendar............................................................................................................ 11 1.4. Background ....................................................................................................... 12 1.5. Present .............................................................................................................. 12 Analysis of what and how a 3D printer looks like ........................................................... 13 2.1. Description of an additive 3D printer ..................................................................... 13 2.2.Is a 3D printer a robot or not? ................................................................................. 14 Background and a bit of history ...................................................................................... 17 3.1. Where does 3D printing come from? Who created it and when? ........................... 17 3.2. So, what are the advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing? .......................... 18 3.3. Which technologies exist in the world of 3D printing? ............................................ 18 3.4. Which kind of filaments exist currently? [7] [8] [9] .................................................. 23 State of the art ................................................................................................................... 30 4.1. Applications of 3D printing .................................................................................... 30 4.2. Close application in automotive industry ............................................................... 33 Choice of FDM printer type and its components ............................................................ 37 5.1. Type configuration: Cartesian, DELTA or Polar? ................................................... 37 5.2. Extruder type: 3D pen or common extruder?......................................................... 39 5.3. The heart of the printer: Arduino or Raspberry Pi? ................................................ 40 5.4. Kind of motors? ..................................................................................................... 41 Software Modification and Optimization ......................................................................... 42 6.1. Marlin .................................................................................................................... 43 6.1.1. LCD boot modification .................................................................................... 44 6.1.2. Laser modification .......................................................................................... 46 6.1.3. Runout Sensor modification ........................................................................... 49 Reasons for the improvements ........................................................................................ 50 7.1.Improvement of the Z axis regarding the original: .................................................. 50 7.2.Change of the Z axis end stop: .............................................................................. 51 7.3.Replacement of the X and Y axes articulation: ....................................................... 52 7.4.X Carriage creation: ............................................................................................... 54 2 Report 7.5.Dual Extruder: ........................................................................................................ 55 7.6.Conversion from direct extruder to Bowden extruder: ............................................ 55 7.7.Extruder support: ................................................................................................... 56 7.8.Printing fans........................................................................................................... 57 7.9.Design of a fan support for electronics: .................................................................. 58 7.10. Smoothers: ........................................................................................................ 58 7.11. Frame reinforcement: ........................................................................................ 59 7.12. Filament guide: .................................................................................................. 60 7.13. Dust filter: .......................................................................................................... 60 7.14. Runout Sensor: ................................................................................................. 61 7.15. Filament spool support (Dry Box): ..................................................................... 62 7.16. Integrate multiple power supply to the structure: ................................................ 65 7.17. Auto-on/off improvement: .................................................................................. 65 7.18. Remote control of the printer: ............................................................................ 67 7.19. Video monitoring: .............................................................................................. 68 7.20. Conversion to laser cutting and plotter: ............................................................. 68 3D test and analysis of printing results.………………………………………………………70 8.1.Design of a 3D printing test ................................................................................... 70 8.2.Results obtained and comparison with some commercial 3D printer ..................... 75 8.2.1.Results obtained ............................................................................................. 75 8.2.2.Comparison with other 3D printers. ................................................................. 82 Economic Analysis.....…………………………………………………………………………….89 9.1.General Budget ..................................................................................................... 89 9.2.Itemized budget ..................................................................................................... 90 9.2.1.1st Item: 3D Printer Base Model Construction ................................................ 90 9.2.2.2nd Item: Upgrades ........................................................................................ 91 9.2.3. 3rd Item: CNC Multitasking ............................................................................ 92 All in All..…………………………………………………………………………………………….93 10.1.Main Difficulties ................................................................................................... 93 10.2.Next Steps........................................................................................................... 95 10.3.Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 95 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... 96 ANNEX A….……………………………...………………………………………………………….99 3 Report FIGURE’S INDEX Figure 1: 3D Printer Sales 2007-2015 – 3DHubs 12 Figure 2: 3D Slicing Process 13 Figure 3: Cartesian Robots Axes 16 Figure 4: SCARA Robot 16 Figure 5: DELTA Printer 16 Figure 6: FDM Tech – 3DHubs 18 Figure 7: SLA Tech – 3DHubs 19 Figure 8: SLS Tech – 3DHubs 19 Figure 9: Material Jetting Tech – 3DHubs 20
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