ْالرَّحْ مٰ الرَّحِ يْمِِ ِ ن للاِِ ِِم بِس This Is a Public Repentance of a Former Student
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Engaged Surrender
one Engaged Surrender In 1991, when I ventured onto the grounds of Masjid Ummah, a mosque in Southern California, I was not new to African American Sunni Islam.1 In college, I had attempted to understand the “evolution” of the Muslim movement by examining the Nation of Islam’s journal Muhammad Speaks from the early 1960s through its transformation into the Muslim Journal, a Sunni Muslim weekly. What began my love of and fascination with the African American Sunni Muslim community is what I now see as an important but naive observation. In 1986, while riding on a bus in Chester, Pennsylvania, in ninety-nine degree weather, I observed a woman walking on the side- walk and wearing dark brown, polyester hijab and veil.2 She had two young children in tow, a boy and a girl, each with the proper, gendered head coverings: a skull cap for the boy and a scarf for the girl. I thought to myself, “Why would a woman in America choose not to be a femi- nist?” Or “Why would a woman in America choose not to have choices?” With respect to the first question, in the feminist literature of the 1970s, the psychological, symbolic, and neo-Marxist approaches to the study of gender asked why women are universally oppressed.3 The as- sumption of course is that in every society women are considered infe- 1 2/Engaged Surrender rior, an assumption that has been challenged in what is often described as “third wave feminism.”4 At the time I asked these questions, in the mid- and late 1980s, I was unfamiliar with the works of, for example, Chandra Mohanty, bell hooks, and Moraga and Anzaldua, who around the same time were articulating the importance of race, class, and nation in terms of women’s experiences with gender. -
Muhammad, Sultan 1
Muhammad, Sultan 1 Sultan Muhammad Oral History Interview Thursday, February 28, 2019 Interviewer: This is an interview with Sultan Muhammad as part of the Chicago History Museum Muslim Oral History Project. The interview is being conducted on Thursday, February 28, 2019 at 3:02 pm at the Chicago History Museum. Sultan Muhammad is being interviewed by Mona Askar of the Chicago History Museum’s Studs Terkel Center for Oral History. Could you please state and spell your first and last name? Sultan Muhammad: My name is Sultan Muhammad. S-u-l-t-a-n Last name, Muhammad M-u-h-a-m-m-a-d Int: When and where were you born? SM: I was born here in Chicago in 1973. In the month of January 28th. Int: Could you please tell us about your parents, what they do for a living. Do you have any siblings? SM: My father, may blessings be on him, passed in 1990. He was also born here in Chicago. He is a grandson of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad. He grew up in the Nation of Islam, working for his father, Jabir Herbert Muhammad who was the fight manager for Muhammad Ali and business manager of the Nation of Islam. Sultan Muhammad, my father, was also a pilot. He was the youngest black pilot in America at the time. Later he became an imam under Imam Warith Deen Mohammed after 1975. My mother, Jamima was born in Detroit. She is the daughter of Dorothy Rashana Hussain and Mustafa Hussain. Robert was his name before accepting Islam. -
Sr. Clara Muhammad (1899-1972) Courage, Conviction and Care North America
Units 1-4 Unit 5 Elementary/Middle Level Teaching Packet < A project of Rabata < Published by Daybreak Press < Supervised by the scholars at the Ribaat Academic Program 2018 Women’s History Month © rabata.org 1 Table of Contents Overview and Overall Objectives 3 Standards 3 Essential Understandings 6 Essential Questions 7 Reference to other units 8 Unit five: 10 Discussion points and Curriculum Connections 12 Activities and Lesson plan 13 Unit five: Student handouts 16 References 27 Rabata and its Projects: 28 2018 Women’s History Month © rabata.org 2 "History looks different when the contributions of women are included." -- The National Women's History Project Teaching Packet Overview: The following material is assembled in hopes of “giving rise to women’s voices.” Its intent is to offer a way that teachers and students can work together to further awareness of both historic and contemporary Muslim women. This guide can be used as individual lessons or to integrate themes and ideas. Overall Objective of Teaching Packet: To acquire attitudes which are essential for citizens of democratic pluralist societies, in particular intellectual honesty, open-mindedness, respect for truth, tolerance, acceptance of differences, empathy, and civil courage. Standards Common Core Language Arts Standards National Social Studies Standards Reading Informational Text: Culture & Diversity Key Ideas and Details CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.5.1 • Assist learners to explore, Refer to details and examples in a text when comprehend, and apply critical explaining what the text says explicitly and information, ideas, and concepts that when drawing inferences from the text. are common across societies, social CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.5.2 institutions, cultures, and cultural Determine the main idea of a text and explain perspectives. -
A Philosophical Hermeneutic Study of the Interview Between Minister Louis Farrakhan and Imam W
Journal of Applied Hermeneutics January 9, 2018 The Author(s) 2018 A Philosophical Hermeneutic Study of the Interview between Minister Louis Farrakhan and Imam W. Deen Mohammed: Toward a Fusion of Horizons E. Anthony Muhammad Abstract The philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer has broadened the scope and manner of hermeneutic inquiry. By focusing on aspects of Gadamer’s hermeneutics such as dialogue, the hermeneutic circle, play, openness, and the fusion of horizons, this study sought to apply Gadamer’s ideas to an historic interview that took place between two notable Islamic leaders, Minister Louis Farrakhan and Imam Warith Deen Mohammed. By analyzing the dialogue of the interview and identifying the relevant Gadamerian concepts at play within the exchanges, it was determined that a fusion of horizons did in fact occur. By applying philosophical hermeneutics to a real world dialogic encounter with participants who harbored deep-seated, divergent views, the current study accentuates the use of philosophical hermeneutics as an analytic framework. This study also highlights the utility of using philosophical hermeneutics in inter and intra-faith dialogue specifically, and in the quest for understanding in general. Keywords Hans-Georg Gadamer, philosophical hermeneutics, fusion of horizons, interfaith dialogue, Nation of Islam While early attempts to establish Islam in America were made by individuals such as Mohammed Alexander Russell Webb and the Ahmadiyyas from India, the rise of Islam in America, in large numbers, can be traced to two early movements centered in Black, inner city Corresponding Author: E Anthony Muhammad, MS Doctoral Student, University of Georgia Email: [email protected] 2 Muhammad Journal of Applied Hermeneutics 2018 Article 2 enclaves (Berg, 2009). -
Evaluating the Impact of Interfaith Dialogue Between the Muslim
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF INTERFAITH DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE MUSLIM AMERICAN SOCIETY AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, ESPECIALLY THROUGH THE FOCOLARE MOVEMENT, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDIGENOUS MUSLIM AMERICANS A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Tariq S. Najee-ullah, B.S. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. October 30, 2017 Copyright 2017 by Tariq S. Najee-ullah All Rights Reserved ii EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF INTERFAITH DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE MUSLIM AMERICAN SOCIETY AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, ESPECIALLY THROUGH THE FOCOLARE MOVEMENT, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDIGENOUS MUSLIM AMERICANS Tariq S. Najee-ullah, B.S. MALS Mentor: John Borelli, Ph.D. ABSTRACT In this age of intense polarization between liberal freedom and political correctness, on the one hand, and the demagoguery of religious extremists and politicians, on the other hand, there is unending argument, strife, and brinkmanship threatening the peace of our civil society. Religion is frequently used to polarize parties instead of bringing humanity together and invoking the better angels of human nature. Rather than helping bring agreement via dialogue, religion is used to create enemies. Religion is being used to wage war and evoke fears instead of establishing peace and building fruitful alliances. Interfaith dialogue represents a meaningful way to bring parties together peacefully in a way that resolves conflicts and creates friendships. Additionally, interfaith dialogue allows for spiritual sharing and spiritual companionship which opens pathways of communication that lead to opportunities for greater mutual respect and shared understanding. -
Profile: the Leadership and Legacy of Sister Clara Muhammad
Profile: The Leadership and Legacy of Sister Clara Muhammad Bio from Sapelo Square: An Online Resource on Black Muslims in the U.S. Behind every great man is a great woman. Sister Clara Muhammad, or the First Lady of the Nation of Islam, was an extraordinary woman who supported two giants in the history of American Islam: her husband, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, and her son Imam Warith Deen Mohammed. Without her, there would not have been a Nation of Islam or the unique Sunni community that evolved from it, one attuned to the concerns and aspirations of wom- en. Born Clara Evans near Macon, Georgia, in 1899, she experienced firsthand the injustices of the Jim Crow South. Like millions of African Americans who migrated north to escape its harsh realities, she and her husband Elijah Poole arrived in Detroit in 1923 with two infants. Hard times persisted up North as they struggled to support their growing family without full-time employment. Sister Clara described in a 1967 Muhammad Speaks article, “With five children, there were times we didn’t have a piece of bread in the house, nor heat, water or even sufficient wearing apparel. My husband would walk the streets looking for a job daily, but would come home with no job. I would go out and try to help him, but with five children I could not work steadily. However, I was successful when I went door to door, asking for work.” Clara, therefore, experienced the common reality of black women working as domestic servants in white homes where their humanity was insulted with scant wages and the risk of sexual violence. -
Blackislamsyllabus
#BlackIslamSyllabus This project is curated by Dr. Kayla Renée Wheeler and was inspired by Prof. Najeeba Syeed, #BlackInMSA, and Muslim ARC. The goal of this project is to provide teachers, professors, researchers, journalists, and people interested in learning more about Islam with resources on Black Muslims to promote a more inclusive approach to the study of Islam. If you would like to contribute to this project, post your recommendations on Twitter using #BlackIslamSyllabus or email me at [email protected]. If you would like to support efforts to transform the syllabus into a website that will include author video interviews, book reviews, and a more accessible layout or thank me for my labor, please donate: paypal.me/kaylareneewheeler Islam in the Americas Sultana Afroz, “From Moors to Marronage: The Islamic Heritage of the Maroons in Jamaica”, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 19/2 (1999), pp. 161-179 Sultana Afroz, “Invisible Yet Invincible: The Muslim Ummah in Jamaica”, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 23/1 (2003), pp. 211-222 Hishaam Aidi, “Jihadis in the Hood: Race, Urban Islam and the War on Terror” http://www.merip.org/mer/mer224/jihadis-hood Zaheer Ali, “Return to Roots: African Americans Return to Islam through Many Paths”, Islamic Horizons (July/August 2005), pp. 16-35. Herbert Berg, “Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims”, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 73/3 (2005), pp. 685-703. Sylvia Chan-Malik, Being Muslim: A Cultural History of Women of Color in American Islam (2018) James L. -
Chicago Police Department THIS AGAIN… DEMONSTRATIVE STRUCTURAL CHANGES NEED in POLICING See Page 9
MUSLIMPublished Continuously SinceJOURNAL October 1975! www.MuslimJournal.net Vol. 45, No. 42, July 3, 2020 BRINGING HUMANITY TOGETHER IN MORAL EXCELLENCE WITH TRUTH AND UNDERSTANDING $1.75 - $2.00 outside U.S. INSIDE THIS ISSUE MUSLIM JOURNAL, ONE OF 24 NEWSROOMS TO RECEIVE KNIGHT FOUNDATION GRANT See Page 3 MAY WE NEVER WITNESS Example #1: Chicago Police Department THIS AGAIN… DEMONSTRATIVE STRUCTURAL CHANGES NEED IN POLICING See Page 9 Administration after the mur- der of Laquan McDonald by CPD office Jason Van Dyke. When the Trump admin- istration came to power in 2016, Attorney General Ses- sions scuttled all of the police department investigations, including the one in Chicago. Then State Attorney Gener- CMSEF’S GRADUATES’ al Lisa Madigan filed a law- RECOGNITION & VIRTUAL suit in August 2017 to keep SALUTE the five-year court-ordered See Page 13 consent decree in place. Mayor Lori Lightfoot and CPD Superintendent Brown gave a joint response to this lack of progress, which was to By Bill Chambers ers with Martin Luther King Jr.; 82 percent of which are Black, say the report “illustrates how CHICAGO, Ill. – Chicago is rioting at the Democratic Nation- secretly interrogated at the the level of transformational the only large city in America al Convention in 1968; helping CPD’s Homan Square facility; change and reform that we are with a police force with a “his- murder Fred Hampton Jr. in his Murder and cover-up working towards cannot be tory of racism, surveillance of bed in early morning hours of the of Black men like Laquan achieved overnight.” activists, torture, murder and Black Panther Party; McDonald shot 16 times by Their response reflects a other forms of police violence” The torture of over 200 sus- out of control cop; and most long history of resistance to that have never been reformed. -
WRAP THESIS Tinaz 2001.Pdf
University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/36425 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. Conversion of African Americans to Islam: A Sociological Analysis of the Nation of Islam And Associated Groups Nun Tinaz A Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Warwick Department of Sociology February 2001 CONTENTS Page List of contents H List of tables V Abstract of Thesis VII Abbreviations VIII Acknowledgements IX Chapter One: Introduction 1.1. A Brief Historical Background of the Muslims in the United States 1 1.2. Outline of Chapters 5 1.3. The Moorish Science Temple of America (MST) 7 1.4. The History and Development of the Nation of Islam: 1930-1975 11 1.4.1. The Early Period: 1930-1952 13 1.4.1.1. Wallace D. Fard (1930-1933 /34) 13 1.4.2. Elijah Muhammad Era (1934-1975) 18 1.4.2.1. Black Identity and Creation 20 1.4.2.2. Moral and Religious Principles 21 1.4.2.3. Black Puritanism and Political Separatism 22 1.4.3. Malcolm X's Era (1952-1964) 24 1.4.4. After Malcolm X (1964-1975) 28 Chapter Two: Methodology 35 2.1. -
Message from the Black Woman: Gendered Roles of Women in the Nation of Islam from 1995 to 2005 Angel Needham-Giles
Vassar College Digital Window @ Vassar Senior Capstone Projects 2014 Message from the Black Woman: Gendered Roles of Women in the Nation of Islam from 1995 to 2005 Angel Needham-Giles Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalwindow.vassar.edu/senior_capstone Recommended Citation Needham-Giles, Angel, "Message from the Black Woman: Gendered Roles of Women in the Nation of Islam from 1995 to 2005" (2014). Senior Capstone Projects. Paper 329. This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Window @ Vassar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of Digital Window @ Vassar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vassar College Message from the Black Woman : Gendered Roles of Women in the Nation of Islam from 1995 to 2005 A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Arts in Sociology by Angel Needham-Giles Thesis Advisor : Professor Diane Harriford April 2014 Message to the Black Woman : Gendered Roles of Women in the Nation of Islam from 1995-2005 In this thesis I argue that despite the traditional gender roles assigned to women members of the Nation of Islam, these women are able to assert and employ their power both within and outside of the domestic sphere . Essential to understanding their roles is to identify these women and their narratives as told by them. Who are the women of the Nation of Islam? What do these women do? How are women members viewed by men in leadership roles? How are these women viewed by women who are not members of the Nation of Islam? How do these women view themselves?More specifically, what do these women see as their contribution to Nation-building historically and in the present? In closing, I attempt to examine and imagine the ways in which traditional notions of womanhood as outlined by the Nation of Islam can survive in the twenty-first century . -
From Protest to Praxis: a History of Islamic Schools in North America
FROM PROTEST TO PRAXIS: A HISTORY OF ISLAMIC SCHOOLS IN NORTH AMERICA by Nadeem Ahmed Memon A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Theory and Policy Studies Ontario Institute for Studies in Education University of Toronto © Copyright by Nadeem Ahmed Memon (2009) FROM PROTEST TO PRAXIS: A HISTORY OF ISLAMIC SCHOOLS IN NORTH AMERICA Doctor of Philosophy, 2009 Nadeem Ahmed Memon Department of Theory and Policy Studies University of Toronto Abstract This work attempts to achieve two overarching objectives: firstly to trace the historical growth of Islamic schools in North America and secondly, to explore the ideological and philosophical values that have shaped the vision of these schools. The historical growth of Islamic schools in North America has been led by two distinct communities among Sunni Muslims: the indigenous and the immigrant. Specific to the North American Muslim diaspora “indigenous” represents the African American Muslim community of Imam Warith Deen Mohammed (1933-2008), and “immigrant” refers to the generation of Sunni Muslims who settled in North America in the 1960s and 1970s. Through oral history, this study attempts to capture the voices, sentiments, and aspirations of those that struggled to establish the earliest full-time Islamic schools. The study examines these voices for the ways Islamic education is defined differently based on generational, contextual, and ideological perspectives. Recognizing the diverse lived experiences of Muslim communities in North America, the findings are organized in four distinct, yet often overlapping historical phases that map the growth and development of Islamic schooling. The four phases of Protest, Preservation, Pedagogy, and Praxis also represent how the aims of Islamic education have evolved over time. -
Black Religion and Black Power: the Nation of Islam's Internationalism
genealogy Article Black Religion and Black Power: The Nation of Islam’s Internationalism Bayyinah S. Jeffries Department of African American Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; jeff[email protected] Received: 1 April 2019; Accepted: 24 June 2019; Published: 29 June 2019 Abstract: The Nation of Islam’s influence has extended beyond the United States. This Black American Muslim movement has used the intersection of race and religion to construct a blueprint of liberation that has bonded people of African descent throughout the Diaspora. Their transnational dimensions and ideas of freedom, justice and equality have worked to challenge global white imperialism and white supremacy throughout the 20th century and beyond. Keywords: internationalism; Islam; Nation of Islam; Black Muslim “Islam will give you true brothers and sisters the world over”. (Muhammad 1965, p. 85) “We are not an organization; we are a world”. (Muhammad 1965, p. 322) “ ::: the darkest Arabs I have yet seen are right here in the Arab peninsular. Most of these people would be right at home in Harlem. And all of them refer warmly to our people in America as their ‘brothers of color’”. (X 1959, p. C1) Since the period of African enslavement and European colonialization, Black people’s experiences have overlapped in at least three key areas: (1) the exploitation of labor or economic deprivation; (2) religious interference; and (3) educational indoctrination. On the continent of Africa, people suffered torture, abuse, complete disruption and trauma from European intrusion. Outside of Africa, Black people have grappled with a system of racial oppression that criminalized, dehumanized and at times completely blocked any path to socioeconomic advancement, including miseducation, chronic unemployment, underemployment, mass incarceration and indiscriminate violence against black bodies.