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Home , Anshu Gupta, Arvind Kejriwal, Ela Bhatt, Roshaneh Zafar

Items Description of Module Subject Name Human Resource Management Paper Name Skill Development and Social Entrepreneurship Module Title Cases of successful social enterprises Module Id Module No. –39 Pre- Requisites Basic understanding of skills Objectives To develop conceptual understanding of skills and its uses Keywords Skills, Business Skills, Skill Development, Stages

QUADRANT-I

1. Module: 39- Cases of Successful Social Enterprises 2. Learning Outcomes 3. Introduction to Social Entrepreneurs 4. Nine Social Entrepreneurial Case Studies 5. Summary

1. Module: 39- Cases of Successful Social Enterprises

2. Learning Outcomes: By the end of this module, students will be able to  discover that common people from amongst proceeded on to become successful social entrepreneurs  establish that others have done it too around the world and innovation and greatness has no boundary or ethnicity.

3. Introduction to Social Entrepreneurs Successful social enterprises are all around us and there are numerous people who have achieved in creating them and are living stories. These are truly inspirational real life examples of common people who have become change agents for the society. We just need to open up our minds and let the change come in. Toward exploring through a set of ten stories that are as real live examples from our amidst our daily life we find these engines of social transformation and they inspire us to question ourselves in judging whether we too could have done something like them or would we like to tread their path to become a social entrepreneur?

4. Nine Social Entrepreneurial Cases Studies

 Story One: Dr. - The revolution

One of the foremost torch bearers of social entrepreneurship in recent times would be Muhammad Yunus. Yunus is considered a foremost contemporary authority on microfinance and social capitalism and has been author to many books dedicated to this concept. Yunus has established a network of Grameen Banks that is dedicated to providing micro credits to rural customers who otherwise are ineligible for any credit loan under current bank rules and support their slow migration towards financial independence. Founded in 1983, the bank has brought in a net income

of more than $10 million, and his work with the organization landed Yunus a Nobel Prize in 2006(Nobel Media AB, 2006).

The third of nine children, Yunus was born on 28 June 1940 to a Bengali Muslim family in the village of Bathua, by the Boxirhat Road in Hathazari, Chittagong in the Bengal Presidency of the , which today forms modern . His father was Hazi Dula Mia Shoudagar, a jeweller, and his mother was Sufia Khatun(Bangladesh News, 2006). Yunus studied at Chittagong College, he became active in cultural activities and won awards for drama. In 1957, he enrolled in the Department of Economics at Dhaka University and completed his BA in 1960 and MA in 1961(Wikimedia Foundation, 2016d).

 Story Two: - A Political Socio-engineer

Arvind Kejriwal (born 16 August 1968) is the of since February 2015. He is the national convener of the . His meteoric rise as a politician came from his commitment to fight and transparent development that won the hearts of the people of our National Capital Territory Delhi which has a literacy rate above 88%. His party won the 2015 Delhi Assembly elections with a majority, obtaining 67 out of 70 assembly seats (Elections.in, 2016).

Kejriwal is a graduate of the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, and worked in the as a Joint Commissioner of the Income Tax Department in . He is also reported to have worked at and ’s . He founded Parivartan (NGO) to initiate citizen empowerment via the Right to Information (RTI) act and participatory citizen forums. He believes in the philosophy that democratic rights should be exercised not only in elections but also in policy implementation and budget allocations.

In 2006, Kejriwal was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership recognising his involvement in the grassroots movement Parivartan. The same year, after resigning from the IRS, he donated his Magsaysay award money as a corpus fund to found the Public Cause Research Foundation NGO(Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation, 2006).

In 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party, and the party won in the 2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election. Following the election, he took office as the Chief Minister of Delhi on 28 December 2013. He resigned 49 days later, on 14 February 2014, stating he did so because of his minority government's inability to pass his proposed anti-corruption legislation due to a lack of support from other political parties(Ali, Kant, & Ashok, 2014).

On 14 February 2015, he was sworn in as Chief Minister for a second term after his party's victory in the Delhi Assembly election(Wikimedia Foundation, 2016b).

 Story Three: Dr Bindeshwar Pathak- Human rights champion

Dr Bindeshwar Pathak is the founder of Sulabh International(Rastogi); an -based social service organization which works to promote human rights, environmental sanitation, and non- conventional sources of energy. Other initiatives by Sulabh Foundation are waste management and social reforms through education. He is the current Brand Ambassador for Swachh Rail Mission of Indian Railways(Sulabh International Social Service Organisation, 2016a). His work is considered pioneering in social reform, especially in the field of sanitation and hygiene. He received various national and international awards for his work with this organization. He has received a great deal of national and international recognition for his work, including the Stockholm Water Prize in 2009, and he is considered a pioneer for social reform.

Bindeshwar Pathak was born on 2nd April 1943 in Rampur, . He graduated in Sociology in 1964. He earned his master's degree in 1980 and his PhD in 1985, from the University of Patna. A prolific writer and speaker, Pathak has authored several books, the most well-known of which is The Road to Freedom. He understood the plight of scavengers and joined the Bhangi-Mukti (scavengers’ liberation) Cell of the Bihar Gandhi Centenary Celebrations Committee. At that time he was pursuing his Ph.D. research, so he travelled all over India and spent time with scavengers to have an actual understanding of the social segregation and inhuman rejection of this community(Sulabh International Social Service Organisation, 2016b). Drawing on that experience, he resolved to take action, not only out of sympathy for the scavengers but also in the belief that scavenging is a dehumanizing practice that would ultimately have a destructive impact on modern Indian society(Foundation, 2016).

 Story Four: Roshaneh Zafar- Woman Empowerment

Roshaneh Zafar is a Pakistani female entrepreneur, working for women's economic empowerment. Roshaneh Zafar founded the in 1996, first specialized microfinance organization in and serves as its Managing Director(Wikimedia Foundation, 2016f). She is inspired by works of Dr Yunus of fame in Bangladesh, a Noble laureate who is considered an authority in microfinance. Prior to establishing the foundation, she worked with the in for several years. Roshaneh Zafar was one of the first Ashoka Fellows in Pakistan and has been a Schwab Foundation Social Entrepreneur since 2004(Women's World Banking, 2016). Roshaneh Zafar has also been awarded the Tamgha-e-Imtiaz, one of Pakistan’s highest civilian awards, by the President of Pakistan for her work in the field of development and women’s empowerment and was also awarded the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship in 2007(KASHF FOUNDATION, 2016).

Roshaneh Zafar is a graduated from Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania, USA and also holds a Masters degree in Development Economics from Yale University, USA. Roshaneh Zafar featured in Ashoka blog on Forbes.com where she discussed problems and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Pakistan when she was asked “What is the inspiration that led you to the field of women’s empowerment in particular?”(Changemakers, 2013)

 Story Five: Zubaida Bai –Female Healthcare Technopreneur

Zubaida Bai, raised in Chennai, India studied at University. She earned her Master’s in Engineering in product development and design, and an MBA from Colorado State University. It is reported that Zubaida, during her first parturition she developed an infection after giving birth to her first child which "caused her to suffer for years." She realised it as a common problem faced by rural women in India who are often geographically isolated from standard health facilities, particularly vulnerable during maternity period. This inspired her to do something for the of expecting women and founded AYZH.

Bai was named a TED Fellow in 2009, an Ashoka Maternal Health fellow in 2010–2011, and an Echoing Green fellow in 2012. In 2011, her design for JANMA, a clean birth kit, was selected by INDEX Awards as one of 61 products "globally designed to improve life"(D Lab, 2013).

Zubaida Bai is now widely renowned in the field of engineering design for low-cost health products customized for the developing world. Her work at the bottom of the pyramid demonstrates her passion for empowering underserved women and girls. Her company, AYZH, designs vital healthcare products for women and girls in poverty. Now her company is expanding their kit style approach to include reproductive, maternal, child adolescent health products, extending these values and empowerment to millions of women and children throughout the developing world. AYZH is positioned to become a leader in the space of sustainable, social business focused on the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals(Goodier, 2016). In June 2016, Zubaida was named an SDG Pioneer at the UN’s SDG Global Compact Summit for her work(India, 2016). A World Economic Forum ‘Young Global Leader’, her passion and determination continue to attract strategic partnerships from around the world(Wikimedia Foundation, 2016h).

 Story Six: Ela Ramesh Bhatt- Self Employed Women Association Founder

Ela Ramesh Bhatt was born in on 7th September 1933in a well to do family of successful lawyer her father Sumantrai Bhatt and mother Vanalila Vyas an activist in women’s movement. A legal professional, Bhatt is a part of the international labour cooperative, women and micro-finance movements and has won several national and international awards including the Ramon Magsaysay Award (1977), (1984) and the (1986). She is an activist with Gandhian philosophy. She is the founder of Self-Employed Women's Association of India (SEWA-1972), and served as its general secretary from 1972 to 1996. ’s childhood was spent in the city of , where she attended the Sarvajanik Girls High School from 1940 to 1948. She received her Bachelor of Arts degree in English from the M.T.B. College (South Gujarat University) in Surat in 1952. After graduation she pursued a degree in law at Sir L. A. Shah Law College in Ahmedabad and scored a Gold Medal for her work on Hindu law.

Initially Bhatt started her career as a faculty for English at SNDT Women's University, in but in 1955 she went on and joined Textile Labour Association (TLA) in Ahmedabad. Ela went on to head its women's wing in 1968. She travelled to for further education with Afro-Asian Institute of Labour and Cooperatives in Tel Aviv for three months, receiving the International Diploma of Labour and Cooperatives in 1971. Ela Bhatt felt the need to organise the self-employed women into a union, an idea that gave birth to the Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) in 1972.

Nelson Mandela, Graça Machel, and convened a group of world leaders who would participate in talks to tackle some of the modern society’s severest problems. Nelson

Mandela announced the formation of this new group, The Elders, in a speech on his 89th birthday and on 18 July 2007 in Johannesburg, South Africa the Elders group was founded(wikimedia Foundation, 2016c). Ela Bhatt was involved in The Elders' initiative and she worked untiringly towards causes like equality for women and girls and issue of child marriage in India(The Elders, 2016).

Story Seven: - A social Economic Entrepreneur founder of Goonj

Anshu Gupta was born in Meerut () and spend much of his childhood in small towns of Uttar Pradesh like Chakrauta, and since his father was with Indian Army’s Military Engineering Services (MES) and had transfer postings. At a young age of 14 he had to shoulder a lot of family responsibility after his father’s heart attack and he being the eldest among his four siblings. He met a severe road accident at the end of class 12 that left him debilitated for a long time and scarred for life. Inspite of all the odds he earned a Masters in economics, and is double major in journalism and mass communications. He volunteered for the relief work in earthquake hit Uttarkashi in North India in 1991. This gave him a firsthand exposure of the difficulties faced by rural India(Goonj Profile, 2014).

Anshu Gupta founded Goonj, a Delhi-based NGO that has created a model for a parallel economy which is not cash based but trash based. With Goonj, Anshu has brought attention to a nonmarket, nonmonetary approach, one grounded in empathy and dignity.

Today a pan presence of Goonj that encompasses cities and villages, is handling around 3000 tons of material annually. He was conferred with ‘Social Entrepreneur of the Year Award' by Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship in 2012, won the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2015, is an Ashoka fellow, amongst many others (Rout, 2015).

Initiatives by Goonj include Cloth for Work (CFW), Not Just a Piece of Cloth (NJPC) and RAHAT focus on humanitarian aid, community development and disaster relief work across 22 states in India. Goonj is reputed for taking anything and everything that is discarded in cities like a stapler pin to industrial generators and anything else(Wikimedia Foundation, 2016a).

 Story Eight: Nand Kishore Chaudhary- Jaipur Rugs Vardaan

Nand Kishore Chaudhary was born in a Marwari family in the Churu district of Rajasthan on June 13, 1953. His father was in the business of shoe making. He found his calling in the carpet business and founded Jaipur Rugs in 1978 which now is one of the leading social enterprises in India.

The Indian knotted carpet industry riled under the exploitation of middlemen where the artisans had to sell their art at a very cheap rate and the middlemen took the cream out of the business. N. K. Chaudhary recognised this problem and wanted to change this scenario. He established an equitable business model through Jaipur Rugs and eliminated the middlemen-ship. He connected the poor weavers with the market chain that catered globally, took initiatives towards human capability and skills development of these artisans and ensured a steady income for these skilled artisans. He started his carpet business with two looms and 9 artisans. The organization now consists of 40,000 artisans across 6 states in India and is India’s leading manufacturer and exporter of hand knotted rugs with exports to more than 40 countries across the world. Now Jaipur Rugs focuses on R&D in the industry with investments on material and technology up gradation and aims to take it at par with the international market(Wikimedia Foundation, 2016e). Mr. NK Chaudhary has taken the leap of a visionary and through his initiatives empowered the underprivileged people. He has created a path of inclusive development where people have become independent financially, created opportunities for better skill development and better and respectable working conditions for women. It is a story of self development through contributing substantially towards the society as a whole (Vardaan, 2014).

 Story Nine: Dr - The White Revolution AMUL

“Dr Verghese Kurien, father of the India’s milk revolution”

Verghese Kurien was born on 26 November 1921 and died on 9 September 2012. Better known as the Father of the White Revolution in India, he was a social entrepreneur whose contribution towards the holistic development of the Indian dairy industry is tangible and profound. He was born into a Syrian Christian family in at Calicut, Madras Presidency (now Kozhikode, Kerala). Kurien completed his schooling at Diamond Jubilee Higher Secondary School in Gobichettipalayam .His father was a civil surgeon with the government hospital. A physics graduate from Loyola College, Madras went on to pursue a Bachelor's in Mechanical Engineering. Went to the on a scholarship and returned with a master's degree in mechanical engineering (metallurgy), (with a minor in nuclear physics) from

Michigan State University in 1948. Later in his career, he took training in dairy technology on a government sponsorship from New Zealand(Moses, 2013).

It was Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel who founded The Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union in Khera district following the advice of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in 1946. Thereafter Dr Varghese Kurien went on to manage and further develop it into a state of the art programme, which many others emulated. To gain competitive advantage in the market while saving on advertising and avoid competing against each other, the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), an apex marketing body of these district cooperatives, was set up in 1973. The Kaira Union, which had the brand name Amul with it since 1955, transferred it to GCMMF. Today Amul is one of the leading indigenous brands that functions as a cooperative society and empowers the rural segment swho are the dairy farmers. It is reported that the owners of these cooperatives who actually are the dairy farmers realist three fourth of the cost paid by customers. Amul gained competitive advantage in the market through an innovation that allowed it to produce milk powder from buffalo milk instead of cow milk that is in short supply. He found the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in 1965, to replicate Amul's "Anand pattern" nationwide(Wikimedia Foundation, 2016g).

5. Summary: The stories of these nine social entrepreneurs reinforces the age old saying “Where there is will there is way.” The tools they all seemingly utilised were courage, knowledge and willingness to work for unselfish reasons. Their goodness spread social empowerment and equity among huge masses that enabled them to alleviate poverty and instil financial independence and self-respect. Educationally we see that people crossed over domains and achieved excellence in something new to them, but mostly we see people with good education had a higher success rate. This may be attributed to the life skills that they gained during formal trainings that made them adaptable to change. Their lives are pertinent examples of karma and wealth creation.