Railway Signalling and Interlocking with Enhance Safety System Using PLC and SCADA

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

Railway Signalling and Interlocking with Enhance Safety System using PLC and SCADA

Gaurav Kothari1*, Prof. M.P.S Chawla2* 1ME Student, 2 Associate Professor 1,2Department of Electrical Engineering 1,2Shri G.S Institute of Technology &Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract The paper illustrates a design of railway signalling and interlocking with enhanced safety system using PLC and SCADA. The Indian railway is considered as the largest railway network in Asia, but there are few drawbacks which can be rectified by using railway signalling and interlocking system. In Indian railways, signalling and interlocking process is not completely au tomated, but being still managed by railway employees. During train crossing, there are ample works which are required by human interference, which causes problems in railway interlocking system like delay, collision, chain pulling, and passenger security etc. Hence, these problems can be solved by applying PLC and SCADA. The main task of interlocking is to provide a route request at suitable managing points and signals, which will not cause any collision. The proposed work are dependent on PLC, which are capable of performing signalling and interlocking process automatically which can even be changed, corrected and observed by using SCADA system, resulting in reduction of human involvement.

Keywords: Interlocking, Signalling, Shunting, PLC, SCADA, RS-232.

INTRODUCTION The second type of control room is larger In Indian railway signalling system, the than the first type of control room in which interlocking signal system helps to control many stations can be seen simultaneously collision condition through management of and controlled. Generally, the third type of tracks at junctions or crossings. Signalling control room is in the Railway Department appliances and tracks management are which is larger than the other type of collectively referred to as an interlocking control rooms, where inspection of the system. The interlocking paths are main functioning system of interlocking, connected one point to another point with emergency arrangement and new facility is point machines and signal which allow maintained[14,16,21,25]. trains during green signals[1,2]. LITERATURE SURVEY At present in India, there are only two This section is dedicated to the works done types of railway interlocking systems in this area in the post and what is the being used. First is route relay interlocking current scenario. (RRI) and second is computer based interlocking (CBI). The interlocking The main purpose of the paper [1] was to process is controlled through control automate the railway interlocking method. rooms, which are of three types. The first The entire work here is dependent on PLC. type of control room includes cabin and All the point machines, signals and railway station interlocking, in which station gate are controlled by the output of PLC. master and cabin man give signals to the SCADA has been used here to observe and trains on the specified routes carefully. control the complete work together.

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

The paper [2] describes about the railway crossings. The signalling equipments and station control. When there is one or more tracks are referred to as an interlocking than one train is waiting on the station, the plant. An interlocking is designed, so that situation at that time has been considered it is improbable to display a signal to here. Crack detection and automatic proceed unless the route to be used is railway gate system have been used with proven to be safe[23,24]. railway interlocking. In general, still only two types of The main purpose of the paper [3] was interlocking in Indian Railways such as towards passenger safety. When the train Route relay interlocking (RRI) or goes inside a cave, then there should be Computer based interlocking (CBI) are automatic light generation at that time. If being used. any person is inside the cave or the train was stopped in the cave for some reason, Route Relay Interlocking (Rri) automatic light has been used for the Inside the Indian Railways, Panel safety of the passengers in that situation. Interlocking (PI) is normally used for small stations. Within this arrangement, The railway system is being automated in the points and signals are determined by the paper [4]. It has the status of railway the switches on the panel. Route relay interlocking, signalling, traffic gate control interlocking (RRI) system is generally and light signal, track crack, anti-collision, applied to large and busy stations. There changing track. are complex networks of trains, according to which all the processes are being EXISTING SYSTEMS handled very carefully. The control room In railway signalling, an interlocking handles the arrival and departure of trains system consists of signal equipment that and station master has set the point prevents opposing movements through machine and signals which give a proper system of tracks such as junctions or track to the train [5, 19].

Figure 1: Railway interlocking panel Diagram of RRI system [6].

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Computer Based Interlocking (Cbi) or where the virtual relays (Software Solid State Interlocking Variables) are evaluated using the An Interlocking System consist of Interlocking equations, which is in Electronics system replacing traditional digitized form either as algorithms or state Mechanical Levers and Electro mechanical charts in the processor memory[7,15]. relays is called as Solid state Interlocking Solid state interlocking are required to (SSI) or Computer based interlocking replace the existing route relay system. Rules and control methods used in interlocking and Panel Interlocking the route relay interlocking system are also Systems. Since, the traditional systems are used in computer based interlocking very expensive and difficult to maintain as systems. The relays used to form the logic the huge number of relays and mechanical circuits in route relay interlocking is levers are used. Solid state interlocking are replaced by software variables. The field a better solution to the older systems, since inputs are collected by digital input cards it is easy to maintain as well the costing and outputs are given using digital output only is 1/4th cost of route relay cards. This method is done by a processor interlocking or panel interlocking[18,20]

Figure 2: Railway interlocking panel Diagram of CBI system[8].

PROPOSED SYSTEM preference to first- superfast The main purpose of the proposed system train>passenger train>goods train. is to automate the train scheduling by 2) It can be a control platform using PLC. To analyze and observe the management by self. real time location of the trains, SCADA 3) It can manage the outer signals and system is being used. This makes crossing work easily. interlocking process not only accurate and 4) Many trains are also used for the fast, but also there will be no need to shunting work which can be done by create a control room at all stations. PLC easily. According to this project, four tasks automatically can be performed, such as: Working principle 1) Train can be moved from the first stop Generally even today, station master and to last stop by PLC and it can control cabin man handle the interlocking and all interlocking automatically with

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signalling work of the train. But even after station master has to only give input once, having complete arrangement done by which will go to the PLC, after which the railway, there is lot of shortcomings in the PLC gives its output according to the timer trains, due to which the railways and the circuit, and in this way complete task can passengers have to face many problems. be done without too much human According to the proposed system, the interference.

Figure 3: Block diagram of the system

METHODOLOGY Ujjain from Indore, where 4 trains operate The methodology adopted is discussed in a systematic automatic interlocking below. system. They will run according to PLC and SCADA and it’s railway map and Here, is the railway track of Maxi via properties are given below.

Figure 4: Railway map Indore to Ujjain [9]

Properties distance from one station to the next 1) According to the project, the equal station and at the same time, the goods distance between all the stations is train and superfast train will be at one considered. Mainly three trains will and a half times distance. run here with speed difference but 3) It means that the ratio will be - train's length will be equal. passenger 2: 3 goods train / superfast 2) As long as the passenger train is at a train.

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

Train arrival and departure schedule indore to Ujjain, at the same time, the In the runtime window, it can be Goods train depart from maksi to indore visualized that four trains are considered via dewas. After that, when the passenger which will run as follows: train arrives to mangalya gaon, the goods The passenger train will depart from train reaches dewas at the same time.

Figure 5: Runtime window Indore to Ujjain.

When the passenger train crosses the barlai station, then a superfast train is a departure from indore to maksi via ujjain.

Figure 6: Runtime window Indore to Ujjain.

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

When the superfast train arrives at Ujjain's outer, then the 4th train will depart to Nagda side.

Figure 7: Runtime window Indore to Ujjain.

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC and 6 outputs channel. PLC is connected CONTROLLER to CPU by RS-232 communication Allen Bradley Micrologix 1000 PLC has cable. The desired programs are been used in this project. This developed with the help of RS Logix instrument capable to run program and 500 software and the program controls the input and output of the downloaded in PLC through cable model. It has 220V AC and 24V DC which provides facility to observe trains power supply terminal with 10 inputs in running condition visually[10].

Figure 8: Allen Bradley Micrologix 1000 PLC[17] Figure 9: Block diagram of A.B. PLC[10]

A railway map from Indore to Ujjain with four indicators have been installed, which PLC is designed, in which five stations will indicate train's direction according to have been shown. At the second station, the point machine of that station.

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

Figure 10: This map’s indicators are denoted to a point machine of mangliya gaon station.

Figure 11: Barlai station point machine using by PLC. Figure 12: Point machine on the railway track [11]

SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA main programs InTouch Application ACQUISITION SYSTEM (SCADA) Manager, Window Maker and Window SCADA InTouch is visualization software Viewer[12,13]. and has powerful graphical HMI for automation, process control and supervisory Window Maker is the development software, monitoring. It is easy to use, object oriented where object-oriented graphics is used to programming graphics and flexible create animation on display. This display architectures can be developed. User can window can connected to industrial I/P and quickly create application, increasing O/P system and other application. Window productivity and efficiency in this software. It Viewer is the runtime and it is used to display gives the graphical representation of real time the graphic windows created in Window industrial process. “Intouch” contains three Maker[12, 22].

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

Figure 13: Window maker.

Figure 14: window viewer or runtime window.

SIMULATION RESULTS in RS logix 500 software. This software Ladder logic is the main programming of provides various logic systems which PLC. According to this programming, a helps to design the circuit. In this project, circuit diagram can be made which interlocking system of one station programs the PLC. PLC's program is made designed with point machines and timers.

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

Figure 15: Ladder logic program of PLC

With the help of SCADA Intouch software desired positions. Trains can be controlled a railway tracks, stations, trains and through the sliders and these sliders are signals can be designed according to the controlled by PLC program.

Figure 16: Runtime window and Hardware

Developed a significant railway passenger train and goods train [between interlocking system, the interlocking Mangliya gaon and Barlai] system of trains into 5 conditions has been 1) Initially, a passenger train arrives from splitted. Indore to Ujjain via Dewas and a goods train Condition I:- To avoid the collision of arrives from Maksi to Indore via Dewas.

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

Figure 17: Runtime window with PLC indicator

After some time, both trains stand in departs from Mangliya gaon, then at the face to face direction on single line same time, goods train departs from same track. When the passenger train Dewas station.

Figure 18: Runtime window

If the both trains departs at the same time, according to 2:3 ratio rule, the collision is possible.

Figure 19: Collision stage.

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

To avoid an accident, automated interlocking program on a PLC that applies to Barlai station is created.

Figure 20: Control a collision situation

Condition II:- To avoid the collision of to Ujjain and at the same time, a superfast superfast train and goods train train also departs from Indore to Maksi via [between Lakshmibai nagar and Ujjain. Goods train is also departs at a Mangliya gaon] same time from Barlai. 1) Passenger train now departs from Barlai

Figure 21: Runtime window with PLC indicator

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

If there is a single track, according to 2:3 ratio rule, then both the trains will collide after Lakshmibai nagar or even before Mangliya gaon.

Figure 22: Collision stage.

To avoid an accident, automated interlocking program on a PLC that applies to Mangliya gaon station is created.

Figure 23: Control a collision situation.

When superfast train departs to Mangliya Condition III:- To avoid the collision of gaon station, then goods train is free for superfast train and passenger train arrival to the next station. Hence, [between Vikram nagar and Ujjain] according to the program, when we Now superfast train and passenger train provide a proper signal to goods train then both are continuously moving in the same direction, with passenger train being ahead they will be go to next stop. from the superfast train.

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

Figure 24: Runtime window

According to the 2:3 ratio rule, both at the same time, by the same track, trains (superfast and passenger) are from the same direction, which is not arriving at Ujjain the same time. Here, possible, and possibility of collision the two trains arrive at the same station, condition is there.

Figure 25: Collision stage.

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

From security view point, the passenger train in Vikram Nagar is stopped and the Goods train get the signal which is going to the next station.

Figure 26: Runtime window with PLC indicator

Condition IV:- This situation shows a train is standing on platform number 2 and different arrangement such as outer, superfast train is arriving on the same crossing and station management platform. [between Vikram nagar and Ujjain]. 2) According to the arrangement until this 1) There is a train standing at Ujjain's train does not departs from Ujjain, till then station from beginning since quite long back side trains (superfast) has to stand on time. According to the arrangement, this the outer path only.

Figure 27: Control a collision situation using with outer signal situation.

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

When the train is departed from Ujjain, then superfast train has been given an arrival signal and it can arrive to platform number 2 at Ujjain.

Figure 28: Station Management.

In this image shown in fig. 29, where passenger train departed from Vikram the superfast train is standing on nagar station and goods train arrives to platform number 2 and at a same time Indore.

Figure 29: Signalling process and hardware design

Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering Volume 5 Issue 1

Condition V:- Shunting Process. direction has to be changed, as it has to Now superfast train is standing on go to the Maksi station direction. platform number 2 at Ujjain, whose

Figure 30: Runtime window with PLC indicator

It is a opposite direction of train and in this direction of the train, for which the train is situation, shunting process is to be standing on platform for some extra time. performed. In this process, the train engine After that superfast train departs from has to be connected in the opposite Ujjain to Maksi.

Figure 31: Window viewer

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CONCLUSION 0976-1349, Volume 6, Issue Jan- This paper presented a design of railway March 2014, Paper Publish 47-54. interlocking and signalling system by PLC 4. Anandhan P, Logeswaran V, and being monitored by SCADA. Railway Lakshmakumar.P.S, Rajkumar. G, is a most useful way of travelling in India, Kalpanadevi.S, “A Novel Approach in where the railway employees control the Railway System Protection Using signal and interlocking system. There is PLC/SCADA”, International Journal not much significant improvement even of Innovative Research in Technology after development of RRI and CBI system. (IJIRT), ISSN: 2349-6002, Volume 1, The proposed management of the Trains in Issue 2014. this paper can be automated by PLC, 5. C. Xiangxian, H. Hai and H. Yulin, which makes the interlocking system "Automatic Generation of Relay Logic easier. The proposed system is capable to for Interlocking System Based on reduce the problems like collision, delay in Statecharts," 2010 Second World trains, outer waiting and crossing. Hence, Congress on Software Engineering, these arrangements make the railway Wuhan, 2010, pp. 183-188. system better as well as safer. The 6. Railway panel interlocking diagram automated railway signalling and from interlocking system design will be an https://d.indiarailinfo.com/blog?h=ni. alternative source of information in order 7. A. Svendsen, B. Møller-Pedersen, to make suitable hardware in railways. Haugen, J. Endresen and E. Carlson, According to this method, the human “Formalizing train control language: involvement (Station master\ Cabin man automating analysis of train stations,” etc.) can be reduced and can save the train 12th Int Conf on Computers in from being getting late. Railways (COMPRAIL 2010), WIT Press, 2010, pp. 245-256, REFERENCES doi:10.2495/CR100241 1. Thokchom Bandana Devi, Namit 8. A window on the world of railway Gupta, Jitendra Sharma, “PLC Based systems, Technologies and operations Railway Interlocking System banner photo: D gubler from Monitored By SCADA”, International http://www.railway- Journal of Advanced Research in technical.com/signalling/route- Electrical, Electronic and signalling.html. Instrumentation Engineering 9. Railway maps (IJAREEIE), ISSN: 2278-8875, https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/uj Volume 6, Issue 3-March 2017. jain-junction-ujn/10 2. Rahul E K, Ramachandra C G, T.R 10. M. Farsi, "Application of a PLC as a Srinivas, “Automated Railway cell controller using a communication Signalling and Interlocking System network," IEE Colloquium on Design Using PLC and SCADA”, Application of Advanced PLC National Conference on Advances in (Programmable Logic Controller) Mechanical Engineering Science Systems with Specific Experiences (NCAMES), Issue 2016. from Water Treatment (Digest 3. Sindhu Bharathi B, Nivedha R, No.1995/112), London, UK, 1995, pp. Swedha S, “Enhancing Safety 3/1-3/4 Measures in Metro Rail by Using PLC 11. Railway point machine, those are use and SCADA”, International Journal of in change of railway track, Show in Computing Communication and diagram Information System (IJCCIS), ISSN: https://indiarailinfo.com/gallery/2?u=0 &df=0&dt=0&tt=0&t=0&s=432&h=&

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