Drug Free Schools Act and That They Require a Biennial Review Report Every Three Years and That This Year We Are Once Again Due to Write It

Dec. 2012- Dec. 2014

Rivier University

BIENNIAL REVIEW, SUBMITTED BY: GRAESSER, PAMELA L

1 Appendix 2 Part 86 Compliance Checklist Part 86, Drug-Free Schools and Campuses Regulations Compliance Checklist

1. Does the institution maintain a copy of its drug prevention program? Yes XNo 

If yes, where is it located? Rivier Counseling Website

2. Does the institution provide annually to each employee and each student, who is taking one or more classes for any type of academic credit except for continuing education units, written materials that adequately describe and contain the following?

a. Standards of conduct that prohibit unlawful possession, use, or distribution of illicit drugs and alcohol on its property or as a part of its activities----Every October a link to the Annual Security Report is emailed to all campus members. The following information is contained in this security report. This report is always available on the Rivier University Public Safety website.

Students: Yes X No Staff and Faculty: Yes X No  b. A description of the health risks associated with the use of illicit drugs and the abuse of alcohol

Students: Yes X No Staff and Faculty: Yes X No  c. A description of applicable legal sanctions under local, state, or federal law

Students: Yes X No Staff and Faculty: Yes X No  d. A description of applicable counseling, treatment, or rehabilitation or re-entry programs

Students: Yes X No Staff and Faculty: Yes X No  e. A clear statement of the disciplinary sanctions the institution will impose on students and employees, and a description of those sanctions

Students: Yes X No Staff and Faculty: Yes X No 

3. Are the above materials distributed to students in one of the following ways? a. Mailed to each student (separately or included in another mailing) Yes No X b. Through campus post offices boxes Yes No X  c. Class schedules which are mailed to each student Yes No X d. During freshman orientation Yes No X 

2 e. During new student orientation Yes No X  f. In another manner (describe)

4. Does the means of distribution provide reasonable assurance that each student receives the materials annually?

Yes X No 

5. Does the institution's distribution plan make provisions for providing these materials to students who enroll at some date after the initial distribution?

Yes X No 

6. Are the above materials distributed to staff and faculty in one of the following ways? a. Mailed Staff: Yes No X Faculty: Yes No X b. Through campus post office boxes Staff: Yes No X Faculty: Yes No X  c. During new employee orientation Staff: Yes X No Faculty: Yes X No 

d. In another manner (describe) Every October a link to the Annual Security Report is emailed to all campus members. The following information is contained in this security report. This report is always available on the Rivier University Public Safety website.

7. Does the means of distribution provide reasonable assurance that each staff and faculty member receives the materials annually? Staff: Yes X No Faculty: Yes X No 

8. Does the institution's distribution plan make provisions for providing these materials to staff and faculty who are hired after the initial distribution? Staff: Yes X No Faculty: Yes X No 

9. In what ways does the institution conduct biennial reviews of its drug prevention program to determine effectiveness, implement necessary changes, and ensure that disciplinary sanctions are enforced? a. Conduct student alcohol and drug use survey Yes X No  b. Conduct opinion survey of its students, staff, and faculty Students: Yes No X Staff and Faculty: Yes No X 

3 c. Evaluate comments obtained from a suggestion box Students: Yes No X Staff and Faculty: Yes No X 

d. Conduct focus groups Students: Yes No X Staff and Faculty: Yes No X e. Conduct intercept interviews Students: Yes No X Staff and Faculty: Yes No X  f. Assess effectiveness of documented mandatory drug treatment referrals for students and employees Students: Yes X No Staff and Faculty: Yes X No  g. Assess effectiveness of documented cases of disciplinary sanctions imposed on students and employees Students: YesX No Staff and Faculty: Yes No X  h. Other (please list)

10. Who is responsible for conducting these biennial reviews? Rivier’s Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Task Force

11. If requested, has the institution made available, to the Secretary and the public, a copy of each requested item in the drug prevention program and the results of the biennial review? Yes X No 

12. Where is the biennial review documentation located?

Name: Kurt Stimeling Title: Vice President for Student Development Department: Student Development Phone: 603-897-8249 E-mail: [email protected]

13. Comments

Biennial Review Summary December 2012-December 2014

This binder review is set up in the following sections: 1. RiviersRivier’s ATOD Task Force Mission Statement and ATOD Members 2. Meeting minutes 3. Educational Programming including Social Norming 4. Policies 5. Campus Assessment 6. Community and State Partners

Rivier University has an active Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drug Task Force. This campus wide task force is made up of staff, students, faculty and community members. The task force reports to the Vice President of Student Affairs. The task force meets 2 -3 times in both the spring and fall semesters. The Task Force, as a team met to review and gather supporting evidence for the biennial review. The current membership list and meeting minutes are contained within this report. During the past two years the Task Force has continued to reach out to the Nashua Community and increased community membership. Representative Carolyn Gargasz, a community Task Force member for numerous years, serves as a member of the House of Representatives for the State of NH. She serves on the Children and Family Law Committee and the Legislative Youth Advisory Council. Rep. Gargasz updates the committee on new legislation regarding alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.

Drug Prevention Program:

Rivier University subscribes to My StudentBody.com. For the past eight years this on-line format has been the required alcohol/drug course for freshmen. There has been a very positive response from students to both the new format and the content. This course is administered by the Counseling Center. For alcohol and marijuana policy violators we have both the E-Toke Program and the E-Chug Program. Both are in an on-line format and require the student to pay a fee in order to log-in. My Student Body has introduced a Sanctions course for policy violators and we will use that moving forward. It will replace the E-Chug program. Throughout the academic year various programming is available to the entire Rivier Community. Please see a sampling of programs offered under the programming section of this review. Information regarding this drug prevention program can be found on the Rivier Counseling website. Enclosed with this report is a copy of the My Student Body Annual report.

As part of a prevention effort Rivier takes part in a social norming campaign. The ATOD’s website contains information about social norming. Social norming messages using Rivier University data are embedded in My StudentBody.com required of freshmen students. Approximately five years ago students in Professor Sheli Petersen design class developed a new look for the Rivier Social Norming Campaign. The new campaign was launched in January 2011.

ATOD Policies: Rivier Drug and Alcohol Policies are brought to ATOD Task Force for review and recommendation. These policies are emailed to students/employees using the college wide distribution list. This is done after the add/drop period and includes the University’s Annual Crime Report. These policies can be accessed at any time on the Rivier website. In addition they can also be found in the Rivier Student Handbook and Residence Life Handbook which can also be accessed online.

Students: Rivier Drug and Alcohol Policies are not distributed or emailed out until after the add drop period. ATOD policies are also discussed with students during freshman orientation and new student orientation. A copy of the drug and alcohol policies is also found in the Residence Life Handbook. All resident students receive a postcard with the online link to the Residence Life Handbook at the beginning of the semester. Transfer residence students receive a postcard with the link on transfer into the University.

Employees: The Human Resources Department keeps a current copy of the Rivier Drug and Alcohol Policies and Laws on file in the office. This document is distributed to all new employees on hire. These policies are also located in the faculty, staff and adjunct faculty handbooks. As mentioned above employees receive a copy of the Rivier Drug and Alcohol Policies annually via the University’s wide email distribution.

Assessment Institution’s Review of Drug Prevention Program:

Located in this review is Rivier ‘sRivier’s “2013 New Hampshire Higher Education Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Survey”. Rivier takes part in a biennial survey of colleges and universities across the state of NH. The purpose of the survey is to compare student perception of student alcohol, tobacco and other drug use with actual student alcohol, tobacco and other drug use. The information we receive from the survey helps us track the increase or decrease of high risk alcohol or other drug use on our campuses as well as the increase or decrease of non- using students. We can then determine how best to serve our students. Aggregate data from participating colleges in NH can be used to track and learn more about the perception of student alcohol, tobacco and other drug use with actual student alcohol, tobacco and other drug use.

Major resources on the Rivier Campus for ATOD issues include the following:

 Rivier Counseling and Wellness Center: Pamela Graesser, Director, is the current chair of the ATOD Task Force at Rivier College.  The Wellness Corporation, Employee Assistance Program, available to Rivier employees.

6  Public Safety: Richard McDonald, director, is an active member of the ATOD task force and the NH Violence against Women Campus Consortium.  Sr. MaryAnn Quibin Health Services, RoseMary Dougherty, Director, FNP, although not a member of the task force RoseMary also addresses ATOD needs on the campus. .

A copy of the biennial review is located in the Vice President for Student Development Office.

Respectfully submitted,

Pamela Graesser, Chair

Task Force onRivier’s Alcohol, Tobacco and other drugsOther Drug Task Force

Mission Statement

The Task Force on Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs addresses the issues of substance use and abuse among the student population. Through education, enforcement, social norming and other environmental strategies the task force endorses low risk choices and the use of early intervention services. Among its primary goals:

 Assess student alcohol, tobacco and other drug use.  Review and recommend policies related to substance use/abuse.  Provide and support education regarding substance use/abuse prevention strategies for the entire Rivier Community.  Network with external agencies/individuals at the community and state level to advance the mission of the task force.  Monitor and evaluate the efforts of the task force.

Rivier’s Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Task Force Membership 2012-2014 Staff and Faculty Pamela Graesser, Chair Director Counseling and Wellness Center [email protected] (603) 897-8251

Kurt Stimeling Vice President of Student Affairs [email protected] 897-8249

Paula Randazza Assistant Vice President of Student Affairs [email protected] (603)897-8244

Joe McDonald Director Department of Public Safety [email protected] (603) 897-8477

Erica Raiche Benefits Coordinator Human Resources [email protected] (603) 897-8211

Eric Blackburn Coordinator of Student Activities and Orientation Student Development [email protected] 603-897-8254

James Delanoy

9 Head Coach Lacrosse [email protected] 897-8761

Karen Meteyer Assistant Professor Director of Clinical Psychology Program [email protected] 897-8263

Lynn Andersen Assistant professor Division of Nursing 897-8473

Michael Carr Student Government rep

Maria Manganaro Student Government rep

Joshua Muench Student Government Rep

Carolyn Gargasz Community Member, State Representative

The ATOD Task Force makes all recommendations the Vice President for Student Affairs.

Task Force on Alcohol, Tobacco and other drugs Minutes of 2/5/2013

Members present: Corin Demkoski, Jennifer Rosa, Eric Blackburn, Judy O’Hara, Erica Raiche Minutes approved  Donna Arias will no longer be on the Task Force as she has switched jobs and is now out of Concord working as Coordinator of the “Life of an Athlete” program.  Checklist for the Biennial Review was sent around the group for one last perusal before turning in.  Jennifer Rosa provided information about RA programming throughout the year which typically includes 9 programs a semester covering physical, spiritual/service, academic and social.  Eric shared a copy to each of us of the Student Events calendar.  CORE Survey will be administered in February this year  Carolyn could not join us but sent in a list of Bills coming up before the NH House  Erica raised the question of whether we are going for a “Smoke Free” campus or a “Tobacco Free” campus…some discussion ensued with no decision.  Corin: May utilize Policy class to get behind the move of going smoke free on campus. Spoke about “Quit Line” which provides over the phone sessions to help folks quit. She will send link to HR for possible inclusion on the HR Wellness page  April 23rd final meeting.

Task Force on Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drugs Minutes for meeting of 10/21/13

Members present: Pamela Graesser, Paula Randazza, Karen Meteyer, Michael Carr, Maria Manganero, Kurt Stimeling, Lynn Andersen, Jay Delanoy, Richard McDonald, Eric Blackburn, Carolyn Gargasz, Erica Raiche The meeting began with a welcome and introduction of new and returning members. Pam passed out copies of the Task Force mission statement and brought members up to speed by detailing the history of the Task Force here at Rivier and the many things the Task Force is involved in including:  University policy review and recommendation  Biennial Review compilation every other year  Administration of the CORE Survey  Social Norms education to campus community

The 2013 CORE Survey data is available but still needs to be compiled into an understandable report. Karen Meteyer has graciously volunteered to take the lead on this and will also involve some of her graduate students in the data compilation and summarization. Discussion ensued regarding the CORE Survey and question rose of whether we are getting a good representation of the student body. Concerns expressed by Pam that very few athletes take the survey and is there a way to get more athlete involvement. Jim will do some research into any NCAA policies that forbid us from targeting athletes for the survey. Kurt led some discussion and raised a question of whether the CORE fits our needs and perhaps the American College Health Assessment would give us more valuable data about our students. This instrument in addition to surveying alcohol and drug use, also surveys sleep habits, mental health and diet and nutrition. Pam added that on the CORE, Rivier has very low numbers of actual use and abuse amongst its students as compared to the other NH CORE participants. Perhaps it is time to do a more comprehensive survey. One question raised was whether we could tie the survey into the FYS and JYS classes. We would have a captive audience so to speak and get better participatory numbers. Discussion ensued about going Tobacco or smoke free on campus. Erica reported that HR is fully supportive of going smoke free but with open enrollment coming up this semester, the issue has been tabled for now. All agreed that lots of preparation has to happen before you reach the “Smoke free” date. Carolyn Gargasz presented some updates from the NH House of Representatives. House Bill 118 is coming up for a vote. This bill has to do with Amnesty for a medical crisis related to alcohol. She reported that more than 677 new bills have been submitted for this term. Karen Meteyer will be attending the November meeting of the NHHEAOD Committee.

Task Force on Alcohol, Tobacco and other drugs 10/21/14

Members present: Eric Blackburn, Paula Randazza, Kurt Stimeling, Joe McDonald, Jay Delanoy Erica Raiche, Pamela Graesser, Chair Michael Carr, Joshua Muench, Karen Meteyer

 Introduction of members and we welcomed Joshua Muench who will join us as an SGA representative  Pam presented a power point presentation highlighting the My Student Body Executive Summary which focused on findings from last year’s MSB Rivier participants. Overall, Rivier has a very high compliance rate with the course (97%) though only a 34% follow through rate with students taking the follow up survey 60 days out. Rivier scores very high in binge drinking as compared to other MSB schools and schools that have participated in the ACHA survey. We had some discussion about the option of changing our roll out time for the course and whether it would be possible to post the follow up survey on Canvas in order to assure a better compliance rate.  Discussion continued with both Kurt and Karen talking about the benefits of the CORE Survey and the ACHA Survey. Karen is our representative to the NHATOD group and reminded us it is a CORE year in which we would administer it in the spring semester before March break. It is agreed that the CORE is valuable data for Rivier to have and that we must continue to administer it. The ACHA Survey while also valuable could be administered in 2016 so as not to flood our students with a bevy of spring surveys. Kurt made a motion to administer the ACHA in 2016. It was approved and passed.  Pam reminded everyone of the Drug Free Schools Act and that they require a Biennial Review report every three years and that this year we are once again due to write it. Pam will be in charge of writing it but reminded everyone that she will be gathering reports and data from all.  Handout on a free app called “Circle of 6” passed out by Pam. It is an app students can install on phones and use it as a safeguard against sexual and physical violence. It’s been endorsed by the Campus Save Act. Let’s encourage students to use it.  Next meeting scheduled for November 25th

Submitted by Pamela Graesser Chair ATOD Committee

Task Force on Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drugs Meeting Minutes March 3, 2014

Members present: Paula Randazza, Pamela Graesser, Joe McDonald, Kurt Stimeling, Karen Meteyer, Erica Raiche, Jay Delanoy, Carolyn Gargasz, and Lynn Andersen. Guest: Justin Shepherd graduate student

Justin Shepherd, a graduate student in Karen Meteyer’s research course took our CORE data from last spring 2013 and gave us a presentation on the results. About 31% of our undergraduate population took the survey. Justin did a wonderful job with the data and in his presentation. While he shared a great deal of information, I include just some of the highlights below;  62% of our students began drinking before college  16% drink 4 or more drinks a week  Abstainers are on the decline  Almost all use protective strategies when drinking  The majority of our students do not use drugs; however, the perception that students use drugs was off the charts. Some discussion ensued as to whether there was a problem with the survey question. The state data is not in yet so we are unable to compare our numbers on that question with other NH colleges.  Overall, drug abstinence fairly stable but abstinence with alcohol and marijuana has declined.  59% have never used tobacco  90% do not smoke

Kurt asked if there was a way to get numbers specific to athletes as athletic affiliation can bump up usage. Question was also raised as to whether we should be asking for a student’s GPA. Discussion continued around how to get more students to take survey with Lynn asking how we can have the data help us. Karen also suggested that the survey results can be a great selling point for prospective parents. Kurt led a discussion about the possibility of bringing the ACCHA survey to Rivier. Like the CORE, it surveys substances but also surveys exercise habits, sleep hygiene, mental health and physical health related issues. There was good discussion and a decision to try it out next spring. We can compare it to the CORE. A decision was made to administer to undergraduate students only for the first try. Raz introduced the possibility of bringing the UNH Bystander Intervention training to campus. This is a program that trains students not to be a bystander around alcohol incidents and sexual assault. There are two options for training: training our students and training the trainer. We all thought it would be a good idea to do both and Raz will look into a hoped for training this spring.

14 Carolyn shared news from Concord. There are currently bills in the house which she thought were of interest to us.  Reduction of fines for underage alcohol possession  Loss of driver’s license for underage possession  There is discussion at the state level about decriminalizing marijuana and there appears to be large numbers in favor of legalization.

Our last meeting of the semester will be Monday April 7, 2014. Meeting adjourned at 12:05 pm Submitted by Pamela Graesser

Rivier University ATOD Committee Minutes of 2/17/15

Members present: Pamela Graesser, Kurt Stimeling, Eric Blackburn, Paula Randazza, Joe McDonald, Karen Meteyer, Erica Raiche, Michael Carr and welcome to new members, Kerri Dahl, Tia Strong, Natalia Guisao and Bill Lawler.

 Natalia gave a brief overview of “Fresh Check Day”, a day in which the university focus is on mental health through activities, giveaways and entertainment. Rivier will be the first NH school to do it and we have set a date of October7, 2015. This date also corresponds with National Mental Health Screening week. Working ideally with Counseling and Wellness, but urging all campus constituencies to be involved, the day would include booths with different mental health themes, food, and entertainment and prize items. The Fresh Check Foundation provides assistance in event planning, manuals, flyers, graphics and Tee shirts. Rivier would provide food, entertainment, setup and prize items. Natalia will do a shout out to all interested campus groups the first week of March by holding an initial planning meeting.  Pam recommended that the Task Force sponsor a Bystander Training course this spring. Athletics has indicated interest in this training. Eric shared that Bystander training will replace Equalogy at opening weekend for freshmen. Pam will contact a trainer to see if we can schedule an April class.  Kurt discussed the 360 proof program which is a new drug/alcohol initiative between the NCAA and D3 schools. While its focus is on athletes, every student could take it. Some of its positives include: develops a campus team, provides schools with a good to do list and a campus self-assessment. We already have MSB in place for two more years but 360 could be a second alternative for judicial sanctions and for athletics to use with their student athletes.  CORE Survey: The CORE is ready to go and will be emailed to all day students by the end of this week. The closing date is March 6th. Paula will send out a first message to students with Michael spreading the word through SGA. The Task Force purchased Red Sox tickets which students will be eligible to win once they have completed the survey.  NHHEAOD: Karen shared that Rivier will host the April 17th Board meeting of the NH Higher Ed Alcohol and other drug Committee. It will be held from noon -3pm in the Board room. Members of the Task Force are encouraged to attend. Please let Pam know if you will.

16  Next meeting scheduled for 3/24/15

Educational Programming

Ongoing each year during opening weekend in August is a presentation of Equalogy…an interactive performance providing information on alcohol related sexual assault 11/15/2012 The Student Nursing Association hosted the “Great American Smokeout” and provided “Quit Kits” to all members of the community interested in smoking cessation. In addition, the SNA hosted a Smoke Out panel discussion. The panel consisted of members of SNA, the Student Government Association and our university President, Sr. Paula Bouley. 12/4/2012 The Student Nursing Association presented an Alcohol Poisoning Awareness workshop to students in our Residence Halls. In 2013, My Student Body introduced a Sexual Violence course which meets the Title IX regulations and it also introduced a new Student Conduct course for students who have violated our alcohol and drug policies. The Sexual Violence course is now mandatory for entering freshman and the Conduct course is now used for 2nd offense policy violators. April 2014 The Office of Residence Life and The Task Force co-sponsored a By-Stander Intervention training.

My Student Body continues to be the education/prevention course that we require of all entering freshmen. We have received positive feedback from students with regard to this program. We have about a 91% completion rate

2013 Data Report Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Survey

Presented by Rivier’s Task Force on Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs

Rivier University 420 South Main Street Nashua, NH 03060 (603) 888-1311 www.rivier.edu

19 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 SUMMARY OF RESULTS: RIVIER UNIVERSITY 4 PURPOSE AND CONTEXT 7 o Sample o Table 1: Sample Size for Participating Institutions 8 o Table 2: Demographics for Rivier University 9 o Method 10 SELECTED DATA RESULTS o Graph 1: Student Drinking History 11 o Graph 2: Number of Drinks Consumed in a Typical Week 12 o Table 3: Number of Drinks Consumed in a Typical Week 14 o Graph 3: Number of Drinks Consumed when “Partying” 15 o Graph 4: Number of Nights “Partying” 17 o Table 4: Actual Number of Nights “Partying” 19 o Graph 5: Binge Drinking: Incidence Rate in a Two-Week Period 20 o Graph 6: Protective Behavioral Strategies 22 o Table 5: Comparison of Protective Behavioral Strategy Use 23 o Graph 7: Negative Consequences – School Year 24 o Table 6: Negative Consequences – School Year 25 o Graph 8: Negative Consequences – Past 30 Days 26 o Table 7: Negative Consequences – Past 30 Days 27 o Graph 9: Negative Consequences – Past 30 Days vs. School Year 28 o Graph 10: Drug Use – Abstinence Percentage 29 o Table 8: Drug Use - Actual Abstinence 30 o Graph 11: Drug Use: Actual vs. Perceived 31 o Graph 12: Smoking Status 32 o Graph 13: Current Smoking Status 33 CONTACT INFORMATION 34 NHHEATOD SURVEY 2013 35

INTRODUCTION

20 Biennially, various colleges and universities that are members of the New Hampshire Higher Education Alcohol and Other Drug (NHHEAOD) Committee collect data at their campuses for both individual and state-wide analysis. Data from individual institutions is provided to the survey administrator on that campus. Aggregate data is held by the NHHEAOD Committee. Aggregate data reports can be found at the NHHEAOD Committee website: www.nhheaod.org

This report has been prepared with regards to current substance use attitudes, behaviors and consequences of Rivier University students. Data comparisons to the survey administered in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011 and, 2013 have been included, where available. Due to changes in the survey instrument not all data can be compared.

In addition, this report has been prepared with an emphasis on data results that illustrate the gap between actual and perceived norms among Rivier University students. Social norms theory, a concept receiving a great deal of national attention, is based on the premise that students over-perceive harmful behaviors, under-perceive protective behaviors among their peers, and that those misperceptions have an impact on decisions to use substances. As such, the aim of a social norms approach is to reduce misperceptions of substance use with a resulting decrease in use and consequences. For more information regarding social norms theory, please consult The National Social Norms Resource Center: www.socialnorm.org.

RIVIER UNIVERSITY SUMMARY OF RESULTS

Major Points of 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013 comparison: o Overall, perceived alcohol, tobacco and drug use remains much higher than the actual behaviors reported. o From 2005 to 2011, there was an increase in the number of students who have reported that they do not typically consume any alcohol or only consume one to two drinks per week. However, results from 2013 indicate a decline from 2009 and 2011 data meaning that fewer students report abstaining from alcohol use in 2013.

21 o More than half (60.5%) of Rivier University students do not engage in binge drinking (defined as consuming more than 5 drinks in one sitting). This is higher than 2005 (56.1%) and 2007 (58.9%) but a decline from more recent years (2009, 67.8% and 2011, 67.0%). o In 2013, the percent of students consuming 10 or more drinks per week had decreased to 5.1% from 11.9% (2005), 6.7% (2007), and 6.9% (2009). Results from 2011 were comparable (4.3%). o Overall, illicit drug use has remained relatively stable and low throughout the reporting survey years. o The most common negative consequences for 2009, 2011, and 2013 are having a hangover, being nauseous/vomiting, and missing class. While other negative consequences occur infrequently, they can be life threatening or life altering.

Drinking History (Graph 1) o Over half (62.4%) of participants drank before they were in college. o Nearly thirty-two percent (31.9%) started drinking while in college. However, the majority (91.8%) began drinking before they turned 21 years old. o About six percent (5.7%) of students reported that they never had a drink.

Average Weekly Consumption (Graph 2; Table 3) o Nearly thirty percent (29.7%) of students report that they do not typically consume alcohol weekly. o The majority of students (66.7%) consume two or fewer alcoholic drinks in a week. The number of students who consume two or fewer drinks per week has increased from 2005 (61.7%) and 2007 (65.9%). However, results from 2013 suggest that a smaller percentage of students drink two or fewer drinks per week when compared with results from 2009 (72.8%) and 2011 (74.7%). o Fewer students in 2005 (11.9%) perceived that the typical student consumed 10 or more drinks in a week as compared to 2007 (27.4%), 2009 (26.0%), 2011 (24.2%) and 2013 (32.8%).

Quantity and Frequency of Alcohol when “Partying” (Graphs 3 and 4; Table 4) o Just over sixty-eight percent (68.4%) of students report that when they “party” they consume four or fewer drinks. o The majority of students (82.9%) believe that their peers consume five or more drinks when they “party.” This demonstrates a divide between actual and perceived use. o Since 2007, the perception of high quantity drinking (7+ drinks) has decreased but it is still significantly higher than actual reported use. o The percentage of students reporting that they do not party has decreased from 54.6% in 2009 to 38.7% in 2011 and more so in 2013 to 21.5%. The percentage of individuals who report “partying” once weekly has consistently increased since 2009 (31.5%) to 53.4% in 2013. The number of students who “party” twice or more weekly has remained fairly consistent.

Binge Drinking (Graph 5)

22 o The overall rate of binge drinking among Rivier University students is 39.5%. However, the majority of the binge drinking is limited to infrequent binge drinking: nearly 78% of those who report engaging in any binge drinking report only one or two binge drinking episodes in a two-week period. Nationally, a binge drinking episode is defined as five or more drinks in a sitting, in a two-week period. o Overall, fewer students are engaging in binge drinking in 2013 (39.5%), 2011 (33.0%) and 2009 (32.7%) when compared to 2007 (41.4%) and 2005 (44%). o While few individuals reported frequent binge drinking (8.7%), which is defined as three or more binge drinking episodes in a two week period, 62.2% of students reported that that they believed the typical student engaged in frequent binge drinking.

Protective Behavioral Strategies (Graph 6; Table 5) o The vast majority of students are regularly engaging in a number of protective behavioral strategies when it comes to taking care of themselves or others in situations involving substance use. o Listed below are some examples of protective behavioral strategies that the majority of Rivier University students report employing, sometimes, usually, or always: 90.1% watch over their friends who are consuming alcohol, 88.6% party with friends and people they know and 85.1% use designated drivers. Additionally, 84.5% report eating a full meal before “partying,” 80.3% report tracking the number of drinks consumed, 64.9% choose not to drink alcohol on some occasions, 64.2% report determining in advance and staying within a set number of drinks, and 66.2% pace their drinking to one or fewer drinks per hour. These figures do not include those students for which the question was not applicable because they identified as a non-drinker.

Negative Consequences (Graph 7, 8 and 9; Table 6 and 7) o The majority of students do not report experiencing negative consequences from their substance use. o For 22 of the 24 categories, 75% or more of the students reported not experiencing the negative consequences in the past year. o The leading negative consequences are having a hangover (60.2%) and being nauseous/vomiting (35.7%). o While not experienced by the majority, some consequences can be life threatening for the minority who do experience them (e.g. drinking while intoxicated or contemplating suicide).

Substance Use Abstinence (Graph 10, Table 8) o The majority of students attending Rivier University DO NOT engage in tobacco or other drug use with the exception of alcohol. o Seventy-nine percent or higher in each drug category reported that in the last 30 days they had not smoked tobacco products nor used smokeless tobacco, non-prescription stimulants, marijuana, designer drugs, sedatives, cocaine, hallucinogens, opiates, non-prescription steroids, mixed alcohol with stimulants, or used other prescription drugs for non-intended or “recreational” purposes.

23 Substance Use – Actual vs. Perceived (Graph 11; Table 9) o Students consistently over-perceive drug use among peers. o With the exception of alcohol, students estimate that their peers use at least four times more smoking and smokeless tobacco, marijuana, non-prescription stimulants, designer drugs, sedatives, cocaine, hallucinogens, opiates, non-prescription steroids, mix alcohol with stimulants, or use other prescription drugs for non-intended or “recreational” purposes than what is reported.

Smoking Status (Graph 12 and 13) o Over half (59%) of students reported that they have never smoked before. o Just over thirty-one percent (31.3%) reported that they started smoking before college while 9.7% reported that they started smoking after college. o Over the last five survey administrations spanning eight years (2005-2013), smoking abstinence has increased from 76.5% to 90.2% (2013).

PURPOSE AND CONTEXT

Since the early 1990’s the Core Survey – Short Form, a national survey coordinated by the University of Southern Illinois, had been the instrument used by many of the schools in the state to gather data on alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use behaviors. Early in the summer of 2000, the Core Institute made the decision that it would no longer support the short version of its survey and it would only scan and report the long version of the survey. The longer version took approximately 45 minutes to complete verses 20 minutes for the short form.

Concerned about the time needed to administer the Core Survey – Long Version, members of the NHHEAOD Committee made a decision in August 2000 to create their own survey. Their goal was to have an instrument that could be completed in approximately 20-25 minutes. In addition, the committee wanted a survey that higher education institutions in New Hampshire would use so that institutional data could be compared to a statewide reference group. In the past, comparisons such as these were not always possible. A statewide survey would also allow for consistent tracking of data and monitoring of trends. The Student Affairs Research and Assessment Center at the University of New Hampshire was asked to assist the process. This

24 center had staff with experience conducting this type of project, the ability to create and scan the survey, and the means to report the results.

The NHHEATOD survey items were derived from three national surveys: the Core Survey (short form), the Campus Survey of Alcohol and Other Drug Norms, and the 1999 Annual Student Behavior Assessment. There were a few reasons for this decision. First, the higher education institutions wanted to use questions that they used from surveys in the past so that they could maintain trend data. Secondly, NHHEAOD members thought that questions from these national surveys solicited the type of information they wanted. Thirdly, since the questions from these instruments had been used on national surveys, committee members were confident that they were reliable and valid. Where possible, all response categories were constructed to solicit interval data for easier analysis and significance testing. In January of 2001, the instrument was drafted, pre-tested, and finalized. Due to time constraints reliability and validity was not determined for the instrument.

The survey was then revised and re-administered in the spring of 2003 and further revised and re-administered in the spring of 2005, 2007, and 2009. The Centers for Disease Control and the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Office of Community and Public Health worked with the NHHEAOD Committee in the revision of the 2003 instrument and DHHS contracted in both 2003 and 2005 to include questions regarding tobacco use for statewide data collection with college-age students.

SAMPLES Nine higher education institutions in New Hampshire, including Rivier University participated in this study. These institutions varied in affiliation (e.g., private/public, religious/secular, two/four year), mission, and size. Each school used an on-line survey instrument and chose its own sampling method. A total of 2,896 students participated in the survey. Weights were not assigned to compensate for disproportionate representation of each college in the sample analysis. TABLE 1: SAMPLE AND SIZE FOR EACH INSTITUTION Sample Size Percent of Sample Colby-Sawyer College 380 13.1% New England College 65 2.2% Plymouth State University 338 11.7% Rivier University 195 6.7% Southern New Hampshire University 594 20.5% University of New Hampshire 925 31.9% Saint Anselm College 399 13.8%

TABLE 2: DEMOGRAPHIC PROPORTIONS FOR RIVIER UNIVERSITY Sample Percentage Gender Male 22 11.4% Female 170 88.08% Transgender 1 0.5% Class Freshman 25 13% Sophomore 41 21.1% Junior 60 30.9% Senior 67 34.5% Grad 1 0.5% Enrollment Status Full-time 195 100% Age 20 or younger 87 44.6% 21 and older 108 55.4% Current Residence On-Campus Residence Hall 87 44.6% Off-Campus House/Apartment 39 20% At Home With Family 69 35.4% Place of Permanent Residence New Hampshire 98 50.5% State other than New Hampshire 95 49% Country other than United States 1 0.5% Race/Ethnicity Black/Non-Hispanic 1 0.5% Asian 5 2.6% Hispanic 5 2.6% Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander 1 0.5%

White/Non-Hispanic 181 93.8% Approximate Cumulative GPA 0-.99 1 0.5% 1.0-1.49 0 0% 1.5-1.99 1 0.5% 2.0-2.49 9 4.6% 2.5-2.99 22 11.3% 3.0-3.49 92 47.2% 3.5-3.99 65 33.3% 4.0 5 2.6%

METHOD Prior to administration of the survey each institution received approval from their Institutional Research Board (where applicable) or an appropriate administrator at the institution. All schools implemented an administration method to ensure anonymity and confidentiality of participants.

The UNH Office of Institutional Research and Assessment recommended (1) that the survey be administered in academic classrooms by identifying classes that allow each school to achieve a representative sample and (2) that the survey be administered beginning in mid-to late February and collect all surveys prior to spring break vacation. Choosing to end the survey prior to spring break would help to ensure a uniform experience that was generally typical of usual use and not colored by spring break activities. Each campus decided its own administration method. A description of Rivier University’s methodology is detailed below.

RIVIER UNIVERSITY

Using Survey Monkey 785 full time day undergraduate students were invited to take the NHHEATOD survey. Two incentive prizes included a pair of opening day tickets to the Boston Red Sox and a fifty-dollar gift certificate to the Rivier Book Store. Students not responding to survey invitations were contacted through Survey Monkey a total of four times throughout the eight days of data collection. There were 249 responses to the survey, accounting for 31% of the student population. A total of 54 participants were removed for validity. The final sample size for Rivier University was 195 participants.

SELECTED DATA RESULTS Graph 1: Student Drinking History 70 62.4 60

31.9 30

10 5.7

0 Never Drank Drank before college Started drinking in college

Survey Question: o Which statement best describes your drinking history?

Results: Students were asked when they began drinking (A. I never had a drink, B. I started drinking before college, C. I started drinking in college). This data demonstrates that the majority of students actually began drinking before college (62.4%). A follow up question was asked for students who answered either: I started drinking before college or I started drinking in college. For students who started drinking before college, 40.7% responded that they drink more now while 26.7% now drink less. The remainder either reported drinking the same amount (26.7%) or stopped drinking (5.9%). Results from students who reported they started drinking while in college (31.9%) indicate that 91.8% started drinking before turning 21 years old.

Comparison (2007, 2009, 2011, 2013): For this question formatting changed from 2007 to 2009 and in 2011 follow up questions were excluded because of participant error. Therefore, comparisons using data from 2013 with previous years are inappropriate.

28 Graph 2: Number of Drinks Consumed in a Typical Week 45 41.1 40 37

29.7 30 26 25 21.4 Actual

20 17.4 Perceived

15 10.8 10 6.8 4.6 5 3.7 1 0.5 0 None 1-2 3-4 5-9 10-19 20+

Survey Questions: o How many drinks do you typically consume in a week? o How many drinks does the typical student consume in one week?

Results: When asked to report on the amount of alcohol typically consumed in a week, 29.7% reported they had not consumed alcohol while 54.4% reported that their intake was limited to 1-4 drinks. Only 15.9% of students’ surveyed consumed five or more drinks per week. However, 74.2% of students’ believed the typical student consumed five or more drinks per week. This demonstrates a division between actual behavior and perception of behavior.

Comparison (2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013): The majority of Rivier University students (66.7%) consume two or fewer alcoholic drinks in a week, a decline compared to 2011 levels (74.7%). Over the six-year span from 2005 to 2011, the percentage of students who consumed two alcoholic drinks or less per week increased each survey year to represent a total increase of 13% (61.7%, 65.9%, 72.8%, 74.7%).

Regarding perceptions, a large discrepancy between actual and perceived behavior still exists. Data from 2013 indicates that 32.8% of students believed the typical student consumed ten or more drinks per week. This represents an 8.6% increase from 2011 when only 24.2% believed the typical student consumed ten or more drinks per week. However, it is a decrease from 2009 (33.4%) and 2007 (35.1%).

30 Table 3: Percentage of Students Reported Weekly Consumption

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 None 37.8% 38.9% 49.4% 46.9% 29.7% One or Two 23.9% 27.0% 23.4% 27.8% 37.0% Three to Four 7.2% 14.7% 11.9% 13.7% 17.4% Five to Nine 12.2% 12.6% 8.4% 7.2% 10.8% Ten to Nineteen 7.6% 4.6% 5.0% 2.9% 4.6% Twenty or More 4.3% 2.1% 1.9% 1.4% 0.50%

Comparison (2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013): There is a decline in the percentage of students who reported no alcohol consumption from 2011 to 2013 suggesting that fewer students are abstaining from alcohol use in 2013 compared to previous years. In fact, results from 2013 (29.7%) indicate the lowest percentage of students reporting no alcohol consumption since the survey was first administered in 2005. This represents a 17.2% decline in abstinence from 2011 (46.9%) and a 19.7% decrease from 2009 (49.4%). However, there was an increase in the percentage of students who reported consuming one or two drinks weekly in 2013 when compared to past years. Overall, it appears that there was a decline in the percentage of students who consume a large amount of alcohol weekly (>5 drinks) when tracking consumption from 2005 (24.1%) to 2013 (15.9%).

Graph 3: Number of Alcoholic Drinks Consumed when “partying, socializing, or going out” – Actual vs. Perceived

39.4 40 37.3

30 25.9 25 22.3 Actual 20 18.1 Perceived 14.5 15 13 12.4

10 5.7 5.2 5 2.1 2.6 0.5 1 0 None 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11 or more

Survey Question: o When you “party, socialize, go out” how many alcoholic drinks do you usually have? o How many drinks do you think the typical student on this campus usually has when he/she “parties, socializes, goes out?”

Results: Roughly one eighth (13%) of Rivier University students consume no alcohol when “partying, socializing or going out.” Results suggest that the majority (68.4%) of students consume four drinks or less. However, students’ perceptions of their classmates’ use is much higher than the actual use that is reported. Results indicate that 82.9% of participants believe that the typical student consumes five or more drinks. However, only 31.6% of students report actually consuming this amount of alcohol when “partying.”

As social norms theory and the data imply, students greatly overestimate the quantity or alcohol their peers are consuming when they “party.” The concern is that this overestimation can increase alcohol use as students try to match the drinking behavior or their peers in “party” situations. This decision might result in high-risk alcohol use and negative consequences.

Comparison (2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013): Perceptions of high quantity alcohol consumption by peers (7+ drinks when “partying”) have improved. In 2007, 68.4% of students reported that the typical student on campus drank seven or more alcohol beverages when “partying.” In 2009, the perception of high quantity intake decreased to 47.7% and in 2011, this percentage decreased even further to 29.4%. However,

32 results from 2013 indicate an increase from 2011 to 43.5%. It is important to note that this is still an overall decline in perception when compared to 2007 and 2009.

33 Graph 4: Number of Nights a Week “partying, socializing, going out?” – Actual vs. Perceived

60 53.4

50 43.5 40.3 40

30 Actual Perceived 21.5 19.9 20

10 7.3 5.2 3.6 3.7 1.6 0 0 0 None 1 2 3 4 5 or more

Survey Questions: o How many nights a week do you usually “party, socialize, go out?” o How many nights a week do you think the typical student on this campus “parties, socializes, goes out?”

Results: In addition to overestimating peers’ consumption when “partying,” respondents also overestimate the frequency of “partying” on campus. Over one fifth (21.5%) of students report not “partying” and an additional 53.4% report that their “partying” is limited to one night per week. When participants were asked about their perception of students’ number of nights per week “partying,” 94.8% reported that the typical student “parties” two or more nights per week.

Comparison (2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013): There has been a decline in the number of students who report that they do not “party” from 2011 (38.7%) to 2013 (21.5%). Results from past years are 54.6%, 46.2% and 40.5% for the years 2009, 2007 and 2005, respectively. The number of students who party one night per week has been on the rise since 2009. Over thirty-one percent (31.5%) of students “partied” one night per week in 2009 while 41.2% reported “partying” one night a week in 2011. Results from 2013 indicate this number has increased to 53.4%.

34 In 2009 and 2011, 86.5% of students believed the typical student “partied” two or more nights per week. In 2013, this number has yet again increased to 94.8%. Perception of frequent “partying” (4+ nights per week) has fluctuated since 2005 when 6.6% of students surveyed perceived that the typical student “partied” four or more times per week. For example, in 2007, this statistic increased to 11.2% and in 2009, again decreased to 6.6%. However, students’ perceptions of peers’ frequent “partying” appears to be on the rise. In 2011, 9.4% of respondents believed that the typical student “partied” four or more times per week and more recently, results from 2013 indicate that this number has increased to 11%.

Table 4: Actual Number of Nights “Partying” 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 None 40.5% 46.2% 54.6% 38.7% 21.5% One 34.8% 33.6% 31.5% 42.2% 53.4% Two 19.6% 17.1% 8.5% 16.4% 19.9% Three 4.1% 2.4% 4.6% 2.9% 3.6% Four 0.5% 0.0% 0.4% 0.7% 1.6% Five or more 0.5% 0.7% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0%

Comparison (2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013): In 2009, more than half of the students at Rivier University reported “no partying.” This percentage had increased from 2005 (40.5%) and 2007 (46.2%). In 2011, the percentage declined to 38.7% and fell even further in 2013 to 21.5%. The percentage of students that “partied” once a week climbed from 31.5% in 2009 to 42.2% in 2011 and to 53.4% in 2013. A

35 comparison of results from 2005 to 2013 suggests that even though fewer students report “no partying” in recent years, the majority or students at Rivier University still only party zero to one night per week.

Graph 5: Binge Drinking – Rates of Incidence in a Two-Week Period 70

60.5 60

38.9 40 Actual 30 26.9 Perceived

20 20 12.4 10.8 8.8 10 7.3 7.2 3.6 1.5 2.1 0 0 0 None 1 2 3-4 5-6 7-9 10+

Survey Questions: o How many times in the last two weeks have you had five or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting? o How many times in the last two weeks do you think the typical student at your school has had five or more drinks in one sitting?

36 Results: As stated in the 2005 report, binge drinking, defined nationally as five or more drinks in a single sitting, is a concern on college campuses. In the Northeast where rates tend to be higher than in other regions, binge drinking is of particular concern.

The following categories of binge drinking were defined when reviewing the data: Frequent binge drinkers (3+ binge drinking episodes), infrequent binge drinkers (1-2 binge drinking episodes), and non-binge drinkers (0 binge drinking episodes). The majority (60.5%) of Rivier students are non-binge drinkers. Roughly one third (30.8%) of Rivier students are infrequent binge drinkers and a small minority (8.7%) are frequent binge drinkers.

Overall the binge drinking rate at Rivier University is 39.5%. However, the binge drinking rate alone may present a distorted view of the data in that it suggests that a large percentage of the population are frequently engaging in a high-risk behavior. Instead, it is also important to examine the number (frequency) of binge drinking episodes reported. In doing so, it is apparent that only a small percentage (8.7%) report frequent binge drinking.

While frequent binge drinking is relatively low, students’ perception of frequent binge drinking is extremely high. Over half of participants (62.2%) believed the typical student engaged in frequent binge drinking. In fact, 23.3% of students believed the typical student took part in binge drinking five or more times in a two-week period.

Comparison (2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013): More students reported engaging in binge drinking in 2009 (32.1%), 2011 (33.0%) and 2013 (39.5%) than in 2007 (11.7%). However, this is still a decline from the percent of students in 2005 (43.9%) that reported binge drinking. Results from 2013 suggest that 8.7% of students are engaging in frequent binge drinking. While this is an increase from 2011 (6.1%), frequent binge drinking has remained relatively low across the eight years since the survey began.

Graph 6: Protective Behavioral Strategies 100

90 6.7 5.2 10.8 11.4 11.4 88.6 90.1 80 85.1 84.5 21.8 6.7 80.3 12 70 11.9 11.9 75.1 5.7 60 66.2 64.9 63.2 64.2 63.7 11.7 50 40 48.4 N/A 30 20 10 0

Survey Questions: o During this school year, when you “socialized, went out, partied” how often did you…?

Data is based on the percentage of students who responded “sometimes,” “usually,” or “always” to the above question and stacked with those for whom the answer was not applicable due to being a non-drinker. Results: Students were asked twelve questions about behaviors that are considered “protective” when drinking. For each question, students were asked to respond whether they “always,” usually,” “rarely,” or “never” engaged in the behavior.

Responses above are for the twelve questions. The cumulative percentage of responses “sometimes,” “usually,” and “always” from each protective behavioral strategy exceed 48%. These data were then stacked with the percentage of students who reported that the behavior was not applicable (N/A) because he/she did not drink. This demonstrates that the majority of Rivier university students regularly make decisions that involve choosing not to drink, determining in advance a set number of drinks, “partying” with people they know, watching out for friends who may have had too much alcohol, using a designated driver, eating a full meal

38 before drinking, tracking their number of drinks, pacing their drinks to one or fewer per hour and abstaining from drinking while taking medications that include a warning label. Table 5: Comparison of Protective Behavioral Strategy Use Protective Behavioral Strategies 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 Chose not to drink 59.6% 57.8% 69.4% 69.7% 64.9% Alternate non-alcoholic and alcoholic N/A N/A N/A N/A 63.2% drinks Stayed within set limit 54.6% 60.2% 60.2% 64.9% 64.2% “Partied” with friends 86.5% 83.5% 82.4% 78.3% 88.6% Watched over friends 87.3% 87.4% 83.3% 82.2% 90.1% Used designated driver 83.7% 78.7% 76.3% 74.8% 85.1% Act as designed drivers N/A N/A N/A N/A 75.1% Ate first 75.9% 74.9% 71.8% 73.6% 84.5% Track drinks 71.7% 72.1% 72.5% 72.5% 80.3% Pace drinks 54.6% 56.3% 57.8% 62.8% 66.2% Abstain due to medication 62.6% 54.7% 54.7% 64.8% 63.7% Avoid drinking games N/A N/A N/A N/A 48.4%

Data is based on the percentage of people who responded “sometimes,” “usually,” or “always” to the protective behavior strategies.

Comparison (2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013): Results from 2013 (64.9%) suggest that fewer students are choosing not to drink when compared to results from 2009 (69.4%) and 2011 (69.7%). However, compared with 2005 (59.6%) and 2007 (57.8%), more students in 2013 (64.9%) are choosing not to drink when “partying.” Other uses of protective behavioral strategies have changed slightly over time. The rather static nature of protective behavior strategy use might best be explained by minor sampling differences rather than true changes. Overall, use of protective behavioral strategies has remained consistently high throughout the survey period.

Graph 7: Negative Consequences – School Year

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Survey Question: o During this school year, how many times have you…due to YOUR drinking or other drug use?

Data is based on the percentage of students who responded that they have NEVER experienced the consequences in this school year due to substance use. Results: Students were asked 24 questions pertaining to negative consequences experienced during this school year as a result of their own drinking or other drug use. Responses were based on the number reporting they NEVER experienced the negative consequence listed. The categories are contained in Table 6 along with the percentage of each category reporting “Never” to the question. For 22 of the 24 negative consequences, 75% or more of the participants surveyed reported not experiencing the negatives consequences in the past year. The two negative consequences that participants most often did experience were having a hangover (60.2%) and being nauseated or vomiting (35.7%). These results are especially important for staff members who have responsibilities sanctioning policy violations as the data suggests that experiencing negative consequences is not normative. Therefore when such incidents occur, they should be treated seriously. Too often, negative consequences are seen as a normal college experience and are generalized. In fact, survey data from students indicates that these behaviors are far from normal for many incidents.

40 Table 6: Negative Consequences – School Year Negative Consequences Percentage Graph Code reporting “NONE” Had a hangover 39.8% Hangover Performed poorly on a test or important 86.3% Poor test project Been in trouble with police, residence hall, or 91.8% Trouble other college authorities Damaged property, pulled a fire alarm, etc. 97.3% Damaged property Got into an argument or fight 82.3% Argument/Fight Got nauseated or vomited 64.3% Nausea/Vomit Driven a car while under the influence 89.5% Driven while UI Missed a class 78.6% Missed class Been criticized by someone I know 81.3% Criticized Thought I might have a drinking or drug 95.6% Drug/Drinking problem problem Had a memory loss 76.2% Memory loss Done something I later regretted 82.2% Regretted something Been arrested for DWI/DUI 99.5% DWI/DUI arrest Ridden with someone who was drunk or used 83.4% Ridden with UI driver drugs Have been taken advantage of sexually 98.4% SA victim (unwanted touching, intercourse, etc.) Have taken advantage of another sexually 99.5% SA perpetrator (unwanted touching, intercourse, etc.) Had unprotected sex with someone 81.3% Unprotected sex Tried unsuccessfully to stop using 98.4% Unsuccessfully stop using Seriously thought about suicide 97.3% Suicidal thoughts Seriously tried to commit suicide 98.9% Attempted suicide Initiated threats of physical violence 98.4% Initiated threats/violence Hurt or injured another person 98.9% Hurt/Injured a person Been hurt or injured 94.4% Been hurt/injured Been transported to the hospital 99.5% Transported to hospital

Comparison (2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013): - Update Overall, a smaller percentage of students are reporting negative consequences in comparison to the 2005 and 2007 data. For example, in 2005, 76.6% of students reported that they did not experience poor test grades due to drinking alcohol or other drug use. In 2009, 91% of Rivier University students reported that they did not experience poor test grades. However, this number dropped in 2011 to 88.4% and again in 2013 to 86.3%. The percentage reporting no DUI/DWI’s during the school year has also increased since 2005 (78.1%) to 88.6% in 2009 and 99.5% in 2013. In 2013, 81.3% of students reported “never” having unprotected sex as a

41 negative consequence of alcohol/drug use during the school year. While this is an increase from 2005 levels (80.8%), it still represents a 7.8% decrease from 2011 (89.1%).

Graph 8: Negative Consequences – Past 30 Days 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Survey Question: o During the past 30 days, how many times have you…due to YOUR drinking or other drug use?

Data is based on the percentage of students who responded that they have NEVER experienced the consequences in the past 30 days due to substance use.

Results: While past survey years have inquired about the negative consequences students experienced during the current school year, this was the first year that the survey also asked student to report on the negative consequences they experienced in the past 30 days.

For 22 of the 24 negative consequences, 80% or more of the participants surveyed reported not experiencing the negatives consequences in the past 30 days. The two negative consequences that participants most often experienced during the past 30 days were having a hangover (49.2%) and being nauseated or vomiting (27.7%).

Table 7: Negative Consequences – Past 30 Days

Negative Consequences Percentage reporting Graph Code “NONE” Had a hangover 50.8% Hangover Performed poorly on a test or important 92.0% Poor test project Been in trouble with police, residence 93.1% Trouble hall, or other college authorities Damaged property, pulled a fire alarm, 98.9% Damaged property etc. Got into an argument or fight 86.2% Argument/Fight Got nauseated or vomited 72.3% Nausea/Vomit Driven a car while under the influence 92.1% Driven while UI Missed a class 83.6% Missed class Been criticized by someone I know 84.0% Criticized Thought I might have a drinking or drug 96.8% Drug/Drinking problem problem Had a memory loss 83.4% Memory loss Done something I later regretted 85.2% Regretted something Been arrested for DWI/DUI 99.5% DWI/DUI arrest Ridden with someone who was drunk or 85.7% Ridden with UI driver used drugs Have been taken advantage of sexually 98.9% SA victim (unwanted touching, intercourse, etc.) Have taken advantage of another sexually 99.5% SA perpetrator (unwanted touching, intercourse, etc.) Had unprotected sex with someone 84.7% Unprotected sex 99.5% Unsuccessfully stop Tried unsuccessfully to stop using using Seriously thought about suicide 97.9% Suicidal thoughts Seriously tried to commit suicide 98.9% Attempted suicide 99.5% Initiated Initiated threats of physical violence threats/violence Hurt or injured another person 98.9% Hurt/Injured a person Been hurt or injured 95.8% Been hurt/injured Been transported to the hospital 98.4% Transported to hospital

Graph 9: Negative Consequences – Past 30 Days vs. School Year

100 90 80 70 60 Past 30 Days 50 School Year 40 30 20 10

Trouble

Poor test

SA victimSA

Criticized

Hangover

Missedclass

Memoryloss

Nausea/Vomit

Drivenwhile UI

DWI/DUI arrest DWI/DUI

SA perpretratorSA

Argument/Fight

UnprotectedSex

Suicidal thoughts

Beenhurt/injured

Attemptedsuicide

Damaged property

Regrettedsomething

Riddenwith UI driver

Hurt/Injuredperson a

Drug/Drinkingproblem

Transportedhospitalto Initiatedthreats/violence Unsuccessfully stopusing Survey Questions: o During the past 30 days/this school year, how many times have you…due to YOUR drinking or other drug use?

Data is based on the percentage of students who responded that they have NEVER experienced the consequences during the past 30 days or the school year due to substance use.

Comparison (Past 30 Days vs. School Year): The year 2013 was the first survey year that included questions on students’ experiences with negative consequences over the past 30 days. Thus, we cannot make longitudinal comparison to past surveys. However, when comparing students’ experienced negative consequences in the past 30 days to results from the school year, very few differences appear.

The most prominent differences between negative consequences experienced in the past 30 days and during the school year for 2013 are having a hangover (11%), memory loss (7.2%), being nauseous/vomiting (8%), poor test score (5.7%), and missing class (5%).

Note: These results display the percentage of students who reported NOT experiencing negative consequences both during the past 30 days and during this school year. The differences displayed on graph 9 suggest that more students are reporting negative consequences during the school year than in the past 30 days. For example, 11% fewer students reported having a hangover during the past 30 days than during the school year.

44 Graph 10: Drug Use – Abstinence Percentage 100 98.5 100 98.5 100 99 99.5 90 96.4 96.9 97.4

80 85.1 79.9 79.4 70

10 16.6

Survey Question: o In the past 30 days, how many times do you estimate you used…? Graph represents NO USE.

Results: With the exception of alcohol use, the majority of Rivier University students do not engage in tobacco or other drug use. While it is certainly a concern that we have students engaging in the use of illicit substances and such matters must be addressed, it is important not to lose sight of the fact that it is far from the majority. As the data suggests, the majority of students use alcohol. However, it is only a minority of students who engage in high-risk, frequent use of alcohol, which might result in negative consequences (e.g. academic or social consequences).

Table 8: Drug Use - Actual Abstinence Actual Abstinence (reporting no use) 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 Smoking tobacco (cigarettes, cigar, pipes) 76.5% 77.2% 82.7% 84.5% 85.1% Smokeless tobacco (chew, snuff, dip) 97.6% 96.5% 98.8% 93.9% 96.4% Alcohol (beer, wine liquor) 26.5% 27.0% 35.4% 33.7% 16.6%

Mixed Alcohol with stimulants N/A N/A N/A N/A 79.9% Marijuana (pot, hash, hash oil) 79.5% 83.5% 86.6% 87.1% 79.4% Prescription drug use (for recreational or 92.7% 93.0% 95.5% 96.8% 96.9% “non-prescribed use”) Non-prescription steroids 99.5% 99.0% 98.5% 99.3% 98.5% Cocaine (crack, rock, freebase) 98.7% 96.1% 98.5% 99.3% 100% Non-prescribed stimulants (diet pills, speed, 94.1% 94.3% 93.1% 93.1% 97.4% Adderall) Non-prescribed sedatives (Ativan, Klonopin, 95.7% 96.2% 97.3% 98.6% 98.5% etc) Hallucinogens (LSD, PCP, mushrooms) 98.9% 98.6% 98.9% 98.9% 100% Non-prescribed opiates (heroin, Oxycontin, 99.7% 98.3% 98.1% 99.3% 99% Vicodin, Percocet) Designer drugs (ecstacy, MDMA) 98.4% 97.2% 98.8% 98.2% 99.5%

Comparison (2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013): In general, actual abstinence has remained relatively stable since 2005. Students’ abstinence from smoking tobacco has notably increased since 2005 from 76.5% to 85.1% in 2013. Results from 2013 also indicate a noteworthy increase in students’ abstinence from non-prescribed stimulants. The data suggests a 3.3% overall increase from 2005 to 2013. However, results from 2013 indicate that only 16.6% of students are abstaining from alcohol use. This percentage is the lowest since the survey was first administered in 2005. Another decrease in students’ reported abstinence is found with marijuana use. While a steady increase in actual abstinence from marijuana use was noticeable from 2005 (79.5%) to 2011 (87.1%), results from 2013 (79.4%) indicate a 7.7% decrease in abstinence from marijuana from 2011 (87.1%).

Graph 11: Drug Use: Actual vs. Perceived

100 100 97.4 90 94.3 94.3 80 87.5 83.4 80.2 82.47 70

60 63.7 60.1 57.2 50 55.4 53.9 40 40.9 Actual 30 Perceived 20 20.1 20.6 10 15 3.6 3.1 1.5 0 2.6 1.6 0 1 0.5 0

Survey Question: o In the past 30 days, how many days did you use…? o In the past 30 days, how many days do you think the typical student on your campus used…?

Results: Students were asked to respond to questions regarding their own use of substances over a 30- day period as well as their perception of others’ use in the following categories: smoking tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, pipes), smokeless tobacco (chew, snuff, dip), alcohol (beer, wine, liquor), marijuana (pot, hash, hash oil), prescription drugs for non-intended or “recreational” purposes, non-prescription steroids, cocaine (crack, rock, freebase), non-prescription stimulants (speed, diet pills, Adderall), non-prescribed sedatives (Ativan, Klonopin), hallucinogens (LSD, PCP, mushrooms), opiates (heroin, Oxycontin, Vicodin, Percocet), and designer drugs (ecstasy, MDMA).

Comparison (2007, 2009, 2011, 2013): In 2007, 22.9% of students reported that they used smoking tobacco. This decreased in 2009 to 17.3% and further dropped in 2011 to 15.5%. Current results from 2013 indicate another decrease in the percentage of students who use smoking tobacco to 15%. Drug use has fluctuated throughout the years the survey was administered. Notable, however, are students’ misperceptions of drug use. Students consistently over report perceived peer use of all substances in comparison to actual use. Graph 12: Smoking Status

59 60

40 31.3 30

9.7 10

0 Never Smoked Before College During College

Survey Question: When did you first try smoking cigarettes?

Results: Students were asked three questions that pertained to smoking cigarettes. They were asked whether they have ever smoked before. If respondents did smoke, they were asked whether they started before or after college.

Over half (59%) of students reported that they never smoked cigarettes. Another 31.3% reported that they started smoking before college. These results demonstrate that cigarette smoking typically begins before college.

Comparison (2007, 2009, 2011, 2013) In 2007, 46.7% of students reported that they had never smoked. This percentage increased in the 2009 report to 55.4% but slightly decreased in 2011 to 52.2%. Results from 2013 indicate yet another increase in students who have never smoked (59%).

Graph 13: Current Smoking Status

100 90.2 90

10 5.2 4.6

0 Not At All Some Days Every Day

Survey Question: o Do you smoke cigarettes every day, some days, or not at all?

Results: Findings indicate that 90.2% of Rivier students report that they do not smoke at all, 5.2% smoke “some days,” and 4.6% smoke cigarettes “every day.”

CONTACT INFORMATION This report can be found at the following URL site: www.nhheaod.org The production and dissemination of this report is a project of the President’s Task Force on Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs at Rivier University. Please direct questions or comments about the report to:

Pamela Graesser, LCMHC Director Counseling Services Rivier University (603) 897-8251 [email protected]

Melissa Garvey, MSW, CPS, LICSW ATOD Educator/Counselor UNH Health Services 4 Pettee Brook Lane, Durham, NH 03824 (603) 862-3823 fax: 862-2947 [email protected]

50 New Hampshire Higher Education Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Survey, Spring 2013 Question Sheet

1. Class: 2. Enrollment Status: 1=Freshman 4=Senior 1=full-time 2=part-time 2=Sophomore 5=Grad 3=Junior 6=Other 3. Gender 1=male 2=female 3=transgender 4.=other 4. Age: 1 = 17 or younger 2 = 18 3 = 19 4 = 20 5 = 21 6 = 22 7 = 23 8 = 24 and older

5. Current residence: 1=on-campus residence hall 4=off-campus house/apartment 7=at home with family 2=on-campus apartment/townhouse 5=off-campus fraternity/sorority 8=other 3=on-campus fraternity/sorority 6=off-campus college approved housing

6. Place of permanent residence: 1=New Hampshire 2=state other than New Hampshire 3=country other than United States

7. During the academic year, how many hours do you work at a job(s) in an average week?

1=none 2 = 1-5 3 = 6-10 4 = 11-15 5 = 16-20 6 = 21+

8. Sexual Orientation 1=gay/lesbian 3=heterosexual 2= bisexual 4=questioning

9. Race/Ethnicity: 1=Black/Non-Hispanic 5=Native Hawaiian/Pacific islander 2=American Indian/Alaskan 6=White/Non-Hispanic 3=Asian 4=Hispanic

10. Approximate cumulative grade point average: 1= 0-.99 2=1.0-1.49 6=3.0-3.49 3=1.5-1.99 7=3.5-3.99 4=2.0-2.49 8=4.0 5=2.5-2.99

11. Within the last year, to what extent have you participated in the following activities? Mark one answer for each activity:

11a. intercollegiate athletics 1 = Not Involved 2=Involved 3= Leadership Position 4= Not available at my school 11b. intramural or club sports 1 = Not Involved 2=Involved 3= Leadership Position 4= Not available at my school 11c. social Greek organization

1 = Not Involved 2=Involved 3= Leadership Position 4= Not available at my school. 11d. religious and interfaith groups 1 = Not Involved 2=Involved 3= Leadership Position 4= Not available at my school 11e. volunteering 1 = Not Involved 2=Involved 3= Leadership Position 4= Not available at my school 1fj. other student clubs or organizations 1 = Not Involved 2=Involved 3= Leadership Position 4= Not available at my school

12. Please answer the following questions about cigarette use. We realize the questions are very similar but it is important that we ask one individually.

a. Have you ever tried cigarette smoking even one or two puffs? 1=yes 2=no

b. When did you first try smoking cigarettes? 1 = I have never smoked 2 = before I started college 3 = after starting college

c. Do you now smoke cigarettes every day, some days, or not at all 1 = every day 2 = some days 3 = not at all

d. Do you smoke cigarettes only when you are drinking alcohol? 1=yes 2= no

13. When did you first try smoking cigarettes?

1= Never have had a drink 2= I started drinking before college 3= I started drinking in college

14. Do you smoke cigarettes every day, some days or not at all?

15. Do you smoke cigarettes only when you are drinking alcohol?

16. Which statement best describes your drinking history?

17. If your answer to 16 was “ I started drinking before college” which answer below best describes your current use.

a= I drink more now, than I did then b= I drink less now than I did then c= I drink the same now as I did then d= I have stopped drinking

18. If your answer to 16 was “ I started drinking in college” which answer below best describes your use.

a= Before turning 21 years old.

b= After turning 21 years old.

Please note for the purposes of the alcohol related questions below, a standard “drink” is considered to be a 12 oz beer, a 4 oz glass of wine, or 1 oz of 100 proof alcohol

19a. How many times in the last two weeks have you had five or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting? 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3 – 4 5 = 5 - 6 6 = 7 – 9 7 = 10+

19b. How many times in the last two weeks do you think the typical student at your school has had five or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting? 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3 – 4 5 = 5 - 6 6 = 7 – 9 7 = 10+

20a. When you “party, socialize, go out” how many alcoholic drinks do you usually have? 1 = none 2 = 1 - 2 3 = 3 – 4 4 = 5 -6 5 = 7 – 8 6 = 9 – 10 7 = 11 or more

20b. How many drinks do you think the typical student on this campus usually has when he/she “parties, socializes, goes out”? 1 = none 2 = 1 - 2 3 = 3 – 4 4 = 5 -6 5 = 7 – 8 6 = 9 – 10 7 = 11 or more

21a. How many nights a week do you usually “party, socialize, go out?” 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3 5 = 4 6 = 5 or more

21b. How many nights a week do you think the typical student on this campus “parties, socializes, goes out”? 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3 5 = 4 6 = 5 or more

22a. How many alcoholic drinks do you typically consume in a week? 1 = none 2 = 1 - 2 3 = 3 - 4 4 = 5 – 7 5 = 8 -10 6 = 11-15 7= 16 +

22b. How many alcoholic drinks do you think the typical student at your school consumes in a week?

1 = none 2 = 1 - 2 3 = 3 - 4 4 = 5 – 7 5 = 8 -10 6 = 11-15 7= 16 +

23. Please select the number 6 from the list below.

1 2 3 4 5 6

In the past 30 days how many days do you estimate…

24a. you used smoking tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, pipes)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

24b. the typical student used smoking tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, pipes)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

25a. you used smokless tobacco (chew, snuff, dip)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

25b. the typical student used smokeless tobacco (chew, snuff, dip)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

26a. you used alcohol (beer, wine, liquor)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

26b. the typical student used alcohol (beer, wine, liquor)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

27a. you mixed alcoholic beverages with stimulants (example caffeinated energy drinks, caffeine pills) 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all

27b the typical student mixed alcoholic beverages with stimulants (example caffeinated energy drinks, caffeine pills) 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all

28a. you used marijuana (pot, hash, hash oil)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

28b. the typical student used marijuana (pot, hash, hash oil)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

29a. you used prescription drugs for recreational or “non-prescribed use” (stimulants, opiates, sedatives)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

29b. the typical student used (stimulants, opiates, sedatives)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

30a. you used nonprescription steroids or other performance enhancing drugs? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

30b. the typical student used nonprescription steroids or other performance enhancing drugs? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

31a. you used cocaine (crack, rock, freebase)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

31b. the typical student used cocaine (crack, rock, freebase)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

32a. you used non-prescription stimulants (diet pills, speed, Adderall)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

32b. the typical student used non-prescription stimulants (diet pills, speed, Adderall)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

33a. you used non-prescribed sedatives (Ativan, klonopin, etc.)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

33b. the typical student used non-prescribed sedatives (Ativan, klonopin, etc) 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

34a. you used hallucinogens (LSD, PCP, mushrooms, 2CE)?

1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

34b. the typical student used hallucinogens (LSD, PCP, mushrooms, 2CE)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

35a. you used non-prescribed opiates (heroin, smack, horse) 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

35b. the typical student used non-prescribed opiates (heroin, smack, horse) 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

36a. you used designer drugs (ecstasy, MDMA)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

36b. the typical student used designer drugs (ecstasy, MDMA)? 1 = none 2 = 1 or 2 3 = 3 to 5 4 = 6 to 9 5 = 10 -19 6 = 20 -29 7 = all 30

37. During the past 30 days, how many times have you experienced the following due to YOUR drinking or other drug use.

a. NA, I don’t drink or use other drugs (if this is your answer select NONE) 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

b. had a hangover 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

c. performed poorly on a test or important project 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

d. been in trouble with police, residence hall, or other college authorities 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more e. damaged property, pulled a fire alarm, etc. 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more f. got into an argument or fight 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more g. got nauseated or vomited 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more h. driven a car while under the influence 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

i. missed a class 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more j. been criticized by someone I know

1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more k. thought I might have a drinking or drug problem 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

l. had a memory loss 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more m. done something I later regretted 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more n. been arrested for DWI/DUI 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more o. ridden with someone who was drunk or used drugs 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

p. have been taken advantage of sexually (unwanted touching, intercourse, etc.) 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

q. have taken advantage of another sexually (unwanted touching, intercourse, etc.) 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

r. had unprotected sex with someone 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more s. tried unsuccessfully to stop using 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more t. seriously thought about suicide 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more u. seriously tried to commit suicide 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

v. initiated threats of physical violence 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

w. hurt or injured another person 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

x. been hurt or injured 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

y. been transported to the hospital 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

38. During this school year, how many times have you experienced the following due to YOUR drinking or other drug use.

a. NA, I don’t drink or use other drugs (if this is your answer select NONE) 1 = none

b. had a hangover 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

c. performed poorly on a test or important project 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

i. missed a class 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more j. been criticized by someone I know 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more k. thought I might have a drinking or drug problem 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

p. have been taken advantage of sexually (unwanted touching, intercourse, etc.) 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

q. have taken advantage of another sexually (unwanted touching, intercourse, etc.) 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

v. initiated threats of physical violence 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

w. hurt or injured another person 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

x. been hurt or injured 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

y. been transported to the hospital 1 = none 2 = 1 3 = 2 4 = 3-5 5 = 6-7 6 = 8 or more

39. During this school year, how often did you…

a. choose not to drink alcohol? 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink

b. alternate non-alcoholic with alcoholic beverages? 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink

c. determine, in advance, not to exceed a set number of drinks? 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink

d. “party” with people you know? 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink

e. watch out for friends who may have had too much alcohol? 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink

58 f. use a designated driver? 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink g. act as a designated driver 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink h. eat a full meal before drinking? 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink i. keep track of how many drinks you are having? 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink j. pace your drinks to one or fewer drinks per hour? 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink k. abstained due to warnings for a prescribed medication? 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink l. avoid drinking games? 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink m. please select “USUALLY” from the list below: 1=Always 2= Usually 3= Sometimes 4 = Rarely 5= Never 6 = NA, don’t drink