Riemann, Schottky, and Schwarz on Conformal Representation
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Journal Für Die Reine Und Angewandte Mathematik
BAND 745 · DEZEMBER 2018 Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) GEGRÜNDET 1826 VON August Leopold Crelle FORTGEFÜHRT VON Carl Wilhelm Borchardt ∙ Karl Weierstrass ∙ Leopold Kronecker Lazarus Fuchs ∙ Kurt Hensel ∙ Ludwig Schlesinger ∙ Helmut Hasse Hans Rohrbach ∙ Martin Kneser ∙ Peter Roquette GEGENWÄRTIG HERAUSGEGEBEN VON Tobias H. Colding, Cambridge MA ∙ Jun-Muk Hwang, Seoul Daniel Huybrechts, Bonn ∙ Rainer Weissauer, Heidelberg Geordie Williamson, Sydney JOURNAL FÜR DIE REINE UND ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK (CRELLES JOURNAL) GEGRÜNDET 1826 VON August Leopold Crelle FORTGEFÜHRT VON August Leopold Crelle (1826–1855) Peter Roquette (1977–1998) Carl Wilhelm Borchardt (1857–1881) Samuel J. Patterson (1982–1994) Karl Weierstrass (1881–1888) Michael Schneider (1984–1995) Leopold Kronecker (1881–1892) Simon Donaldson (1986–2004) Lazarus Fuchs (1892–1902) Karl Rubin (1994–2001) Kurt Hensel (1903–1936) Joachim Cuntz (1994–2017) Ludwig Schlesinger (1929–1933) David Masser (1995–2004) Helmut Hasse (1929–1980) Gerhard Huisken (1995–2008) Hans Rohrbach (1952–1977) Eckart Viehweg (1996–2009) Otto Forster (1977–1984) Wulf-Dieter Geyer (1998–2001) Martin Kneser (1977–1991) Yuri I. Manin (2002–2008) Willi Jäger (1977–1994) Paul Vojta (2004–2011) Horst Leptin (1977–1995) Marc Levine (2009–2012) GEGENWÄRTIG HERAUSGEGEBEN VON Tobias H. Colding Jun-Muk Hwang Daniel Huybrechts Rainer Weissauer Geordie Williamson AUSGABEDATUM DES BANDES 745 Dezember 2018 CONTENTS O. Goertsches, D. Töben, Equivariant basic cohomology of Riemannian foliations . 1 N. A. Karpenko, A. S. Merkurjev, Motivic decomposition of compactifications of certain group varieties . 41 T. Ritter, A soft Oka principle for proper holomorphic embeddings of open Riemann surfaces into ( *)2 . 59 J. Alper, A. Isaev, Associated forms and hypersurface singularities: The binary case . -
Elliptic Systems on Riemann Surfaces
Lecture Notes of TICMI, Vol.13, 2012 Giorgi Akhalaia, Grigory Giorgadze, Valerian Jikia, Neron Kaldani, Giorgi Makatsaria, Nino Manjavidze ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS ON RIEMANN SURFACES © Tbilisi University Press Tbilisi Abstract. Systematic investigation of Elliptic systems on Riemann surface and new results from the theory of generalized analytic functions and vectors are pre- sented. Complete analysis of the boundary value problem of linear conjugation and Riemann-Hilbert monodromy problem for the Carleman-Bers-Vekua irregular systems are given. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classi¯cation: 57R45 Key words and phrases: Generalized analytic function, Generalized analytic vector, irregular Carleman-Bers-Vekua equation, linear conjugation problem, holo- morphic structure, Beltrami equation Giorgi Akhalaia, Grigory Giorgadze*, Valerian Jikia, Neron Kaldani I.Vekua Institute of Applied Mathematics of I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 2 University st., Tbilisi 0186, Georgia Giorgi Makatsaria St. Andrews Georgian University 53a Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi 0162, Georgia Nino Manjavidze Georgian Technical University 77 M. Kostava st., Tbilisi 0175, Georgia * Corresponding Author. email: [email protected] Contents Preface 5 1 Introduction 7 2 Functional spaces induced from regular Carleman-Bers-Vekua equations 15 2.1 Some functional spaces . 15 2.2 The Vekua-Pompej type integral operators . 16 2.3 The Carleman-Bers-Vekua equation . 18 2.4 The generalized polynomials of the class Ap;2(A; B; C), p > 2 . 20 2.5 Some properties of the generalized power functions . 22 2.6 The problem of linear conjugation for generalized analytic functions . 26 3 Beltrami equation 28 4 The pseudoanalytic functions 36 4.1 Relation between Beltrami and holomorphic disc equations . 38 4.2 The periodicity of the space of generalized analytic functions . -
Bernhard Riemann 1826-1866
Modern Birkh~user Classics Many of the original research and survey monographs in pure and applied mathematics published by Birkh~iuser in recent decades have been groundbreaking and have come to be regarded as foun- dational to the subject. Through the MBC Series, a select number of these modern classics, entirely uncorrected, are being re-released in paperback (and as eBooks) to ensure that these treasures remain ac- cessible to new generations of students, scholars, and researchers. BERNHARD RIEMANN (1826-1866) Bernhard R~emanno 1826 1866 Turning Points in the Conception of Mathematics Detlef Laugwitz Translated by Abe Shenitzer With the Editorial Assistance of the Author, Hardy Grant, and Sarah Shenitzer Reprint of the 1999 Edition Birkh~iuser Boston 9Basel 9Berlin Abe Shendtzer (translator) Detlef Laugwitz (Deceased) Department of Mathematics Department of Mathematics and Statistics Technische Hochschule York University Darmstadt D-64289 Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Gernmany Canada Originally published as a monograph ISBN-13:978-0-8176-4776-6 e-ISBN-13:978-0-8176-4777-3 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-8176-4777-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007940671 Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 01Axx, 00A30, 03A05, 51-03, 14C40 9 Birkh~iuser Boston All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the writ- ten permission of the publisher (Birkh~user Boston, c/o Springer Science+Business Media LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter de- veloped is forbidden. -
Fuchs, Lazarus
UNIVERSITATS-¨ Heidelberger Texte zur BIBLIOTHEK HEIDELBERG Mathematikgeschichte Fuchs, Lazarus (5.5.1833 – 16.4.1902) Materialsammlung, zusammengestellt von Gabriele D¨orflinger Universit¨atsbibliothek Heidelberg 2016 Homo Heidelbergensis mathematicus Die Sammlung Homo Heidelbergensis mathematicus enth¨alt Materialien zu bekannten Mathematikern mit Bezug zu Heidelberg, d.h. Mathematiker, die in Heidelberg lebten, studierten oder lehrten oder Mitglieder der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften waren. (Immanuel) Lazarus Fuchs Dozent in Heidelberg 1875–1884 Lazarus Fuchs schrieb im Jahre 1886 aus Berlin an seinen Freund Leo Koenigsberger: Ich kann Dir die Versicherung geben, daß ich noch jetzt ” fast t¨aglich mit einem gewissen Heimweh an Heidelberg zuruckdenke.¨ Wo ist die sch¨one Zeit hin, wo ich noch in der Lage war, ruhig zu arbeiten, ruhig einen Gedan- kenfaden fur¨ l¨angere Zeit abzuspinnen! Wo soll ich jetzt meine Grillen lassen, die ich sonst in alle Winde zerstreu- en konnte, wenn ich die ersten 1000 Fuß H¨ohe passirt hatte!“ Quelle: Koenigsberger, Leo: Mein Leben. — Heidelberg, 1919. — 217 S. Auszug I Anhang A 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Lexika 4 Mathematiker-Lexikon . 4 Lexikon bedeutender Mathematiker . 4 Brockhaus . 4 Deutsche biographische Enzyklop¨adie . 4 Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon . 5 2 Biographische Informationen 6 2.1 WWW-Biographien . 6 2.2 Fotografien . 10 2.3 Hauptstr. 23 — Fuchs’ Domizil in Heidelberg . 11 2.4 Der Mathematiker Lazarus Fuchs in Berlin . 12 2.5 Print-Biographien . 16 3 Werk 17 3.1 Digitalisierte Publikationen . 17 3.1.1 G¨ottinger Digitalisierungs-Zentrum / Beitr¨age von Lazarus Fuchs 17 3.1.2 Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften . 20 3.1.3 Heidelberger Digitale Bibliothek Mathematik . -
Simply-Riemann-1588263529. Print
Simply Riemann Simply Riemann JEREMY GRAY SIMPLY CHARLY NEW YORK Copyright © 2020 by Jeremy Gray Cover Illustration by José Ramos Cover Design by Scarlett Rugers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the publisher at the address below. [email protected] ISBN: 978-1-943657-21-6 Brought to you by http://simplycharly.com Contents Praise for Simply Riemann vii Other Great Lives x Series Editor's Foreword xi Preface xii Introduction 1 1. Riemann's life and times 7 2. Geometry 41 3. Complex functions 64 4. Primes and the zeta function 87 5. Minimal surfaces 97 6. Real functions 108 7. And another thing . 124 8. Riemann's Legacy 126 References 143 Suggested Reading 150 About the Author 152 A Word from the Publisher 153 Praise for Simply Riemann “Jeremy Gray is one of the world’s leading historians of mathematics, and an accomplished author of popular science. In Simply Riemann he combines both talents to give us clear and accessible insights into the astonishing discoveries of Bernhard Riemann—a brilliant but enigmatic mathematician who laid the foundations for several major areas of today’s mathematics, and for Albert Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity.Readable, organized—and simple. Highly recommended.” —Ian Stewart, Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at Warwick University and author of Significant Figures “Very few mathematicians have exercised an influence on the later development of their science comparable to Riemann’s whose work reshaped whole fields and created new ones. -
Math.DG] 14 Dec 2004 Qain:Tertcladnmrclanalysis’
FILLING AREA CONJECTURE AND OVALLESS REAL HYPERELLIPTIC SURFACES1 VICTOR BANGERT!, CHRISTOPHER CROKE+, SERGEI V. IVANOV†, AND MIKHAIL G. KATZ∗ Abstract. We prove the filling area conjecture in the hyperellip- tic case. In particular, we establish the conjecture for all genus 1 fillings of the circle, extending P. Pu’s result in genus 0. We trans- late the problem into a question about closed ovalless real surfaces. The conjecture then results from a combination of two ingredi- ents. On the one hand, we exploit integral geometric comparison with orbifold metrics of constant positive curvature on real sur- faces of even positive genus. Here the singular points are Weier- strass points. On the other hand, we exploit an analysis of the combinatorics on unions of closed curves, arising as geodesics of such orbifold metrics. Contents 1. To fill a circle: an introduction 2 2. Relative Pu’s way 5 3. Outline of proof of Theorem 1.7 6 4. Nearoptimalsurfacesandthefootball 7 5. Finding a short figure eight geodesic 9 6. Proof of circle filling: Step 1 10 7. Proof of circle filling: Step 2 12 Appendix A. Ovalless reality and hyperellipticity 15 A.1. Hyperelliptic surfaces 15 arXiv:math/0405583v2 [math.DG] 14 Dec 2004 A.2. Ovalless surfaces 16 1Geometric and Functional Analysis (GAFA), to appear 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 53C23; Secondary 52C07 . Key words and phrases. filling area, hyperelliptic surfaces, integral geometry, orbifold metrics, Pu’s inequality, real surfaces, systolic inequality. !Partially Supported by DFG-Forschergruppe ‘Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations: Theoretical and Numerical Analysis’. +Supported by NSF grant DMS 02-02536 and the MSRI. -
Fundamental Theorems in Mathematics
SOME FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS IN MATHEMATICS OLIVER KNILL Abstract. An expository hitchhikers guide to some theorems in mathematics. Criteria for the current list of 243 theorems are whether the result can be formulated elegantly, whether it is beautiful or useful and whether it could serve as a guide [6] without leading to panic. The order is not a ranking but ordered along a time-line when things were writ- ten down. Since [556] stated “a mathematical theorem only becomes beautiful if presented as a crown jewel within a context" we try sometimes to give some context. Of course, any such list of theorems is a matter of personal preferences, taste and limitations. The num- ber of theorems is arbitrary, the initial obvious goal was 42 but that number got eventually surpassed as it is hard to stop, once started. As a compensation, there are 42 “tweetable" theorems with included proofs. More comments on the choice of the theorems is included in an epilogue. For literature on general mathematics, see [193, 189, 29, 235, 254, 619, 412, 138], for history [217, 625, 376, 73, 46, 208, 379, 365, 690, 113, 618, 79, 259, 341], for popular, beautiful or elegant things [12, 529, 201, 182, 17, 672, 673, 44, 204, 190, 245, 446, 616, 303, 201, 2, 127, 146, 128, 502, 261, 172]. For comprehensive overviews in large parts of math- ematics, [74, 165, 166, 51, 593] or predictions on developments [47]. For reflections about mathematics in general [145, 455, 45, 306, 439, 99, 561]. Encyclopedic source examples are [188, 705, 670, 102, 192, 152, 221, 191, 111, 635]. -
Of Triangles, Gas, Price, and Men
OF TRIANGLES, GAS, PRICE, AND MEN Cédric Villani Univ. de Lyon & Institut Henri Poincaré « Mathematics in a complex world » Milano, March 1, 2013 Riemann Hypothesis (deepest scientific mystery of our times?) Bernhard Riemann 1826-1866 Riemann Hypothesis (deepest scientific mystery of our times?) Bernhard Riemann 1826-1866 Riemannian (= non-Euclidean) geometry At each location, the units of length and angles may change Shortest path (= geodesics) are curved!! Geodesics can tend to get closer (positive curvature, fat triangles) or to get further apart (negative curvature, skinny triangles) Hyperbolic surfaces Bernhard Riemann 1826-1866 List of topics named after Bernhard Riemann From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Riemann singularity theorem Cauchy–Riemann equations Riemann solver Compact Riemann surface Riemann sphere Free Riemann gas Riemann–Stieltjes integral Generalized Riemann hypothesis Riemann sum Generalized Riemann integral Riemann surface Grand Riemann hypothesis Riemann theta function Riemann bilinear relations Riemann–von Mangoldt formula Riemann–Cartan geometry Riemann Xi function Riemann conditions Riemann zeta function Riemann curvature tensor Zariski–Riemann space Riemann form Riemannian bundle metric Riemann function Riemannian circle Riemann–Hilbert correspondence Riemannian cobordism Riemann–Hilbert problem Riemannian connection Riemann–Hurwitz formula Riemannian cubic polynomials Riemann hypothesis Riemannian foliation Riemann hypothesis for finite fields Riemannian geometry Riemann integral Riemannian graph Bernhard -
The Legacy of Leonhard Euler: a Tricentennial Tribute (419 Pages)
P698.TP.indd 1 9/8/09 5:23:37 PM This page intentionally left blank Lokenath Debnath The University of Texas-Pan American, USA Imperial College Press ICP P698.TP.indd 2 9/8/09 5:23:39 PM Published by Imperial College Press 57 Shelton Street Covent Garden London WC2H 9HE Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. THE LEGACY OF LEONHARD EULER A Tricentennial Tribute Copyright © 2010 by Imperial College Press All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN-13 978-1-84816-525-0 ISBN-10 1-84816-525-0 Printed in Singapore. LaiFun - The Legacy of Leonhard.pmd 1 9/4/2009, 3:04 PM September 4, 2009 14:33 World Scientific Book - 9in x 6in LegacyLeonhard Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) ii September 4, 2009 14:33 World Scientific Book - 9in x 6in LegacyLeonhard To my wife Sadhana, grandson Kirin,and granddaughter Princess Maya, with love and affection. -
An Inquiry Into Alfred Clebsch's Geschlecht
”Are the genre and the Geschlecht one and the same number?” An inquiry into Alfred Clebsch’s Geschlecht François Lê To cite this version: François Lê. ”Are the genre and the Geschlecht one and the same number?” An inquiry into Alfred Clebsch’s Geschlecht. Historia Mathematica, Elsevier, 2020, 53, pp.71-107. hal-02454084v2 HAL Id: hal-02454084 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02454084v2 Submitted on 19 Aug 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. “Are the genre and the Geschlecht one and the same number?” An inquiry into Alfred Clebsch’s Geschlecht François Lê∗ Postprint version, April 2020 Abstract This article is aimed at throwing new light on the history of the notion of genus, whose paternity is usually attributed to Bernhard Riemann while its original name Geschlecht is often credited to Alfred Clebsch. By comparing the approaches of the two mathematicians, we show that Clebsch’s act of naming was rooted in a projective geometric reinterpretation of Riemann’s research, and that his Geschlecht was actually a different notion than that of Riemann. We also prove that until the beginning of the 1880s, mathematicians clearly distinguished between the notions of Clebsch and Riemann, the former being mainly associated with algebraic curves, and the latter with surfaces and Riemann surfaces. -
Chapter 6 Riemann Solvers I
Chapter 6 Riemann solvers I The numerical hydrodynamics algorithms we have devised in Chapter 5 were based on the idea of operator splitting between the advection and pressure force terms. The advection was done, for all conserved quantities, using the gas velocity, while the pressure force and work terms were treated as source terms. From Chapter 2 we know, however, thatthecharacteristicsoftheEuler equations are not necessarily all equal to the gas velocity. We have seen that there exist an eigen- vector which indeed has the gas velocity as eigenvectors, λ0 = u,buttherearetwoeigenvectors which have eigenvalues λ = u C which belong to the forward and backward sound propa- ± ± s gation. Mathematically speaking one should do the advectioninthesethreeeigenvectors,using their eigenvalues as advection velocity. The methods in Chapter 5 do not do this. By extracting the pressure terms out of the advection part and adding them asasourceterm,theadvectionpart has been reduced essentially to Burger’s equation,andthepropagationofsoundwavesisentirely driven by the addition of the source terms. Such methods therefore do not formally propagate the sound waves using advection, even though mathematically they should be. All the effort we have done in Chapters 3 and 4 to create the best advection schemes possible will therefore have no effect on the propagation of sound waves. Once could say that for two out of three characteristics our ingeneous advection scheme is useless. Riemann solvers on the other hand keep the pressure terms within the to-be-advected sys- tem. There is no pressure source term in these equations. The mathematical character of the equations remains intact. Such solvers therefore propagateallthecharacteristicsonequalfoot- ing. -
Quasiconformal Mappings, from Ptolemy's Geography to the Work Of
Quasiconformal mappings, from Ptolemy’s geography to the work of Teichmüller Athanase Papadopoulos To cite this version: Athanase Papadopoulos. Quasiconformal mappings, from Ptolemy’s geography to the work of Teich- müller. 2016. hal-01465998 HAL Id: hal-01465998 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01465998 Preprint submitted on 13 Feb 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. QUASICONFORMAL MAPPINGS, FROM PTOLEMY'S GEOGRAPHY TO THE WORK OF TEICHMULLER¨ ATHANASE PAPADOPOULOS Les hommes passent, mais les œuvres restent. (Augustin Cauchy, [204] p. 274) Abstract. The origin of quasiconformal mappings, like that of confor- mal mappings, can be traced back to old cartography where the basic problem was the search for mappings from the sphere onto the plane with minimal deviation from conformality, subject to certain conditions which were made precise. In this paper, we survey the development of cartography, highlighting the main ideas that are related to quasicon- formality. Some of these ideas were completely ignored in the previous historical surveys on quasiconformal mappings. We then survey early quasiconformal theory in the works of Gr¨otzsch, Lavrentieff, Ahlfors and Teichm¨uller,which are the 20th-century founders of the theory.