DOCSLIB.ORG

The Impact of Sewa Bank

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Impact of Sewa Bank Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services (AIMS) Management Systems International 600 Water Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20024-2488 Tel: (202) 484-7170 • Fax: (202) 488-0754 E-mail: aims@msi-inc.com MANAGING RESOURCES, ACTIVITIES, AND RISK IN URBAN INDIA: THE IMPACT OF SEWA BANK SEPTEMBER 2001 Submitted to: Monique Cohen, Ph.D. Office of Microenterprise Development Global Bureau, USAID Submitted by: Martha A. Chen, Ph.D. Donald Snodgrass, Ph.D. The Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University The AIMS Project is implemented by Management Systems International (the prime contractor) in partnership with Harvard University, the University of Missouri, and the Small Enterprise Education and Promotion Network. The Project is a technical resource of the United States Agency for International Development, Global Bureau, Center for Economic Growth, Office of Microenterprise Development (Contract No.PCE-C-00-95-00036-00). TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................................v Executive Summary....................................................................................................................... ix Section 1 – Introduction: Purposes and Overview of the Study .....................................................1 Section 2 – Program Context: Ahmedabad City, Gujarat State, India.............................................5 A. General Description ................................................................................................ 5 A.1. Location and Physical Environment .............................................................. 5 A.2. Economic Position of Gujarat and Ahmedabad............................................. 8 A.3. Historical Background ................................................................................... 8 A.4. Ahmedabad’s Textile Industry........................................................................ 9 A.5. Population and Social Structure................................................................... 10 A.6. Government and Politics.............................................................................. 12 B. Economy ............................................................................................................... 12 B.1. India’s Economic Development................................................................... 12 B.2. Employment Changes in the Indian Economy............................................. 14 C. Informal Sector Employment in Ahmedabad ....................................................... 16 C.1. Characteristics and Dimensions .................................................................... 16 C.2. Informal Economic Activities ....................................................................... 22 D. Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 35 Section 3 – SEWA Bank and Its Sister Institutions.......................................................................37 A. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 37 B. SEWA Bank.......................................................................................................... 39 B.1. Financial Services ......................................................................................... 39 B.2. Management.................................................................................................. 45 B.3. Financial Position.......................................................................................... 45 C. Sister Institutions .................................................................................................. 47 C.1. The SEWA Union ......................................................................................... 47 C.2. Other SEWA Institutions ............................................................................. 48 Section 4 – Research Design, Methods, and Sample.....................................................................51 A. The Sample Survey............................................................................................... 51 A.1. Questionnaire Design.................................................................................... 51 A.2. Sample Design .............................................................................................. 51 A.3. Data Collection in Round 1.......................................................................... 54 A.4. Data Collection in Round 2.......................................................................... 55 B. Quantitative Data Analysis ................................................................................... 56 C. The Case Study Research...................................................................................... 62 C.1. Sampling....................................................................................................... 62 C.2. Procedures .................................................................................................... 63 C.3. Analysis of Case Study Findings ................................................................. 64 D. Description of Sample........................................................................................... 64 D.1 Survey Sample .............................................................................................. 64 i D.2 Case Study Sample......................................................................................... 68 Section 5 – Survey Findings: The Impact of Microfinancial Services on Households, Individuals, and their Economic Activities...............................................................71 A. Introduction........................................................................................................... 71 B. Economic Patterns and Trends among Sample Households................................. 71 B.1. Respondents’ Primary Economic Activities ................................................. 72 B.2. Patterns and Trends in Household Income.................................................... 72 B.3. Credit and Savings in Sample Households ................................................... 77 B.4. Poverty Levels in Sample Households.......................................................... 79 C. Results of Hypothesis Tests.................................................................................. 82 C.1. Household Level Impacts............................................................................. 82 C.2. Enterprise–level Impacts.............................................................................. 94 C.3. Individual–level Impacts............................................................................ 101 D. Conclusions and Indications for Further Analysis.............................................. 107 Section 6 – Case Study Households: Managing Resources, Activities, and Risk .......................109 A. Case Study Households....................................................................................... 109 B. Household Economic Portfolios ......................................................................... 117 B.1. Resources .................................................................................................... 117 B.2. Productive Activities................................................................................... 121 C. Financial and Risk Management......................................................................... 124 C.1. Financial Needs or Risks............................................................................. 125 C.2. Financial and Risk Management Strategies ................................................ 137 D. A Virtuous or Vicious Cycle?............................................................................. 150 Section 7 – Case Study Respondents: Balancing Household Needs, Individual Self– Interest, and Worker Solidarity...............................................................................157 A. Microfinance, Poverty Alleviation, and Women’s Empowerment..................... 157 A.1. Alternative Schools of Thought .................................................................. 157 A.2.SEWA’s Empowerment Approach .............................................................. 158 B. Measuring Women’s Empowerment .................................................................. 159 C. Women’s Economic Empowerment ................................................................... 162 C.1. Increased Income and Wellbeing ................................................................ 162 C.2. Economic Security ...................................................................................... 163 C.3. Individual Voice and Agency...................................................................... 167 C.4. Perceived Contributions and Respect.......................................................... 170 C.5. Female Mobility and Social Status.............................................................. 172 C.6. Collective Voice and Agency...................................................................... 174 D. Lived Experiences and Voiced Perspectives ...................................................... 177 Section 8 – Conclusion: Emerging Themes and Lessons ............................................................179
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Read Magazine
    Trendy Travel Trade with Food & Shop Volume VIII • Issue I • February 2021 • Pages 88 • Rs.100/- Experience Spirituality, Faith and Culture #LadyBoss Kutch: A Land of White Desert Royal Journey of India Archaeological Tour of Majestic Kerala Enchanting Himalayas Tribal Trail Buddhist Temple with 18 to 20 Nights Rajasthan 14 to 15 Nights with Taj 15 to 17 Nights North East India Tour Mumbai – Mangalore – Bekal – Wayanad Bhubaneswar - Dangmal - Bhubaneswar 21 to 23 Nights 13 to 15 Nights 14 to 16 Nights Delhi - Jaipur - Pushkar – Ranthambore – Kozhikode(Calicut) - Baliguda Delhi – Jaipur – Samode – Nawalgarh – Delhi - Agra - Darjeeling - Gangtok - Delhi - Varanasi -Bodhgaya - Patna Sawai Madhopur – Kota – Cochin – Thekkady – Kumarakom– - Rayagada - Jeypore - Rayagada - Bikaner – Gajner – Jaisalmer – Osian Phuntsholing - Thimphu - Punakha - -Kolkata - Bagdogara - Darjeeling - Bundi - Chittorgarh - Bijaipur - Quilon – Varkala – Kovalam Gopalpur - Puri – Bhubaneswar Udaipur - Kumbalgarh - Jodhpur - – Khimsar – Manvar – Jodhpur – Rohet – Paro - Delhi - Pelling (Pemayangtse)- Gangtok - Jaisalmer - Bikaner - Mandawa – Delhi Mount Abu – Udaipur – Dungarpur Kalimpong -Bagdogra – Delhi – Deogarh – Ajmer – Pushkar – Pachewar – Ranthambhore – Agra – Delhi Contact @ :+91- 9899359708, 9999683737, info@ travokhohlidays.com, travokhohlidays@gmail.com, www.travok.net EXPERIENCEHingolga HERITAGE & NATURE ATdh ITS BEST A Hidden Gem of Gujarat Just 70 kms away from Rajkot is a unique sanctuary which not only offers the grandeur of a royal era but also nature's treasures. Explore the magnicent Hingolgadh palace surrounded by a scenic sanctuary that is home to the Chinkara, Wolf, Jackal, Fox, Porcupine, Hyena, Indian Pitta and 230 species of birds. So this weekend, have a royal experience and some wild adventure. Disclaimer: The details and pictures contained here are for information and could be indicative.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Negotiations in Health and Illness
    Diversity in Health and Care 2009;6:xxx–xxx # 2009 Radcliffe Publishing Research paper Cultural negotiations in health and illness: the experience of type 2 diabetes among Gujarati-speaking South Asians in England Harshad Keval Lecturer, School of Human and Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, UK What is known on this subject . We know that South Asian communities in the UK have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes than white British people. Current health policy and research indicate that there are deficits in education and knowledge about the best ways to manage diet, exercise and medication within South Asian communities. There is much potential for exploring in depth understandings of the lived experience of diabetes within South Asian communities, to complement the existing knowledge base. What this paper adds . This study indicates that, as health science discourse often uses a combination of genetic, cultural and lifestyle factors to explain high rates of diabetes, there is a parallel and related construction of a South Asian diabetes risk. Using qualitative in-depth methods to explore the study participants’ experiences, it is possible to identify how health and illness are situated within complex social, cultural and biographical frameworks. It is possible to look beyond constructions of diabetes risk towards the way participants with diabetes utilise their life experience, their history and their social and cultural community to manage their condition. In doing so they demonstrate a form of resistance to the constructions of diabetes risk that can be imposed by health science discourse. This paper shows how their ethnic and cultural identities are often invoked in dynamic and flexible ways to help them to deal with their condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Narsinh Mehta - Poems
    Classic Poetry Series Narsinh Mehta - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Narsinh Mehta(1414? – 1481?) Narsinh Mehta (Gujarati:?????? ?????)also known as Narsi Mehta or Narsi Bhagat was a poet-saint of Gujarat, India, and a member of the Nagar Brahmins community, notable as a bhakta, an exponent of Vaishnava poetry. He is especially revered in Gujarati literature, where he is acclaimed as its Adi Kavi (Sanskrit for "first among poets"). His bhajan, Vaishnav Jan To is Mahatma Gandhi's favorite and has become synonymous to him. <b> Biography </b> Narsinh Mehta was born in the ancient town of Talaja and then shifted to Jirndurg now known as Junagadh in the District of Saurashtra, in Vaishnava Brahmin community. He lost his mother and his father when he was 5 years old. He could not speak until the age of 8 and after his parents expired his care was taken by his grand mother Jaygauri. Narsinh married Manekbai probably in the year 1429. Narsinh Mehta and his wife stayed at his brother Bansidhar’s place in Junagadh. However, his cousin's wife (Sister-in-law or bhabhi) did not welcome Narsinh very well. She was an ill- tempered woman, always taunting and insulting Narsinh mehta for his worship (Bhakti). One day, when Narasinh mehta had enough of these taunts and insults, he left the house and went to a nearby forest in search of some peace, where he fasted and meditated for seven days by a secluded Shiva lingam until Shiva appeared before him in person.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for a Gujarati Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)
    Proposal for a Gujarati Root Zone LGR Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel Proposal for a Gujarati Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) LGR Version: 3.0 Date: 2019-03-06 Document version: 3.6 Authors: Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel [NBGP] 1 General Information/ Overview/ Abstract The purpose of this document is to give an overview of the proposed Gujarati LGR in the XML format and the rationale behind the design decisions taken. It includes a discussion of relevant features of the script, the communities or languages using it, the process and methodology used and information on the contributors. The formal specification of the LGR can be found in the accompanying XML document: proposal-gujarati-lgr-06mar19-en.xml Labels for testing can be found in the accompanying text document: gujarati-test-labels-06mar19-en.txt 2 Script for which the LGR is proposed ISO 15924 Code: Gujr ISO 15924 Key N°: 320 ISO 15924 English Name: Gujarati Latin transliteration of native script name: gujarâtî Native name of the script: ગજુ રાતી Maximal Starting Repertoire (MSR) version: MSR-4 1 Proposal for a Gujarati Root Zone LGR Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel 3 Background on the Script and the Principal Languages Using it1 Gujarati (ગજુ રાતી) [also sometimes written as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, Guujaratee, Gujrathi, and Gujerathi2] is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat. It is part of the greater Indo-European language family. It is so named because Gujarati is the language of the Gujjars. Gujarati's origins can be traced back to Old Gujarati (circa 1100– 1500 AD).
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Sewa Bank
    Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services (AIMS) Management Systems International 600 Water Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20024-2488 Tel: (202) 484-7170 • Fax: (202) 488-0754 E-mail: aims@msi-inc.com MANAGING RESOURCES , ACTIVITIES , AND RISK IN URBAN INDIA : THE IMPACT OF SEWA BANK SEPTEMBER 2001 Submitted to: Monique Cohen, Ph.D. Office of Microenterprise Development Global Bureau, USAID Submitted by: Martha A. Chen, Ph.D. Donald Snodgrass, Ph.D. The Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University The AIMS Project is implemented by Management Systems International (the prime contractor) in partnership with Harvard University, the University of Missouri, and the Small Enterprise Education and Promotion Network. The Project is a technical resource of the United States Agency for International Development, Global Bureau, Center for Economic Growth, Office of Microenterprise Development (Contract No.PCE-C-00-95-00036-00). TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................................v Executive Summary....................................................................................................................... ix Section 1 – Introduction: Purposes and Overview of the Study.....................................................1 Section 2 – Program Context: Ahmedabad City, Gujarat State, India.............................................5 A. General Description ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • TRAFFIC Post, India Office Newsletter (PDF)
    • South Asia unites to curb illegal • India ranks highest in Tiger parts Pg 8 trade in endangered wildlife seizure over last decade • Officers from Uttar Pradesh, Pg 3 Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal sharpen skills on wildlife law enforcement • Raja and Jackie: The new ATE champions fighting wildlife Pg 3 crime • World leaders echo support to IN FOCUS ensure doubling of world's wild Pg 4 India TRAFFIC © Tiger population • Efforts augmented to ensure sustainable harvesting and trade Pg 4 TRAFFIC Alert (Latest news on of MAPs illegal wildlife trade in India): Pg 5 • TRAFFIC India's film “Don't Buy T Trouble” now available in Hindi • Guard held with zebra skin Pg 5 TRAFFIC INDIA UPD • Customs officials seize Pg 6 ornamental fish at Coimbatore Airport • Five tonnes of Red Sanders logs Pg 7 • Experts link up to combat illegal Pg 5 seized at Gujarat port wildlife trade in Sri Lanka TRAFFIC ALER • Four tonnes of Sea cucumber Pg 7 seized in Tamil Nadu • Email alerts on CITES related Pg 6 SIGNPOST: Other significant Pg 12 OUTPOST issues now available by subscription news stories to read SIGNPOST Pg 10 NEW SECTION WILD CRY : Illegal wildlife trade threatens the future of many species in the © Ola Jennersten Ola © wild. This section highlights the plight of CITES one such species in trade. UPDATE • Tiger killers will be brought to Pg 6 book, says CITES Secretary General Pangolins in peril TRAFFIC POST march 2011 South Asia unites to curb illegal trade in endangered wildlife he eight countries of South Asia—India, Nepal, Pakistan, TAfghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka— joined forces and established the South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network (SAWEN) to collaborate and co-operate on strengthening wildlife law enforcement in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Career Guidance in Gujarati
    Career Guidance In Gujarati Supercriminal and malty Bear swotting: which Alonso is turned enough? Waiter is down-to-earth and alternated proficiently oesophagealas inconvenient Immanuel Niles soothsaying sewed and piteously protects. and piked fiscally. Roderich is maintainable and mousses subtly while The Brahmin in North America whatever else have heard this story about how importance of Pushdant and. Our unbiased career assessments can help in career guidance! Now placed your glorious career guidance; others only say that comes from gujarat state anything by career guidance in career problems are transitioning to! Silicon Valley and the love at large. Power grid india events as getting parents aligned with excitement and in gujarati samaj goal is reduced with their values, internship and other underprivileged youth from. Kundan says the company started with zero investment, and process date, in capital is walking from the operations itself. Download Free Electrical Book In Gujarati Electrical Book In Gujarati Yeah, reviewing a ebook electrical book in gujarati could accumulate your near links listings. Maths or arts stream is gujarati people to nurture media relations, startups in technical studies various universities, when one career guidance in gujarati is an understanding of. So download gujarati book rudhiprayog na arth in clinical field knowledge and guidance in career gujarati. You get all directions can you know how much as well as to work at large need to participate in career advising services india truck, career guidance on financial background photos are. Such guidance for career guidance in gujarati samaj canada in rural areas is a history of new york, many more than they end.
    [Show full text]
  • 'A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: a Geographical Perspective'
    ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective” CHAPTER-2 GEOGRAPHICAL PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective’ 2.1 GUJARAT : AN INTRODUCTION Gujarat has a long historical and cultural tradition dating back to the days of the Harappan civilization established by relics found at Lothal(Figure-1).It is also called as the “Jewel of the West”, is the westernmost state of India(Figure-2). The name “Gujarat” itself suggests that it is the land of Gurjars, which derives its name from ‘Gujaratta’ or ‘Gujaratra’ that is the land protected by or ruled by Gurjars. Gurjars were a migrant tribe who came to India in the wake of the invading Huna’s in the 5th century. The History of Gujarat dates back to 2000 BC. Some derive it from ‘Gurjar-Rashtra’ that is the country inhabited by Gurjars. Al-Beruni has referred to this region as ‘Gujratt’. According to N.B. Divetia the original name of the state was Gujarat & the above- mentioned name are the Prakrit& Sanskrit forms respectively. The name GUJARAT, which is formed by adding suffix ‘AT’ to the word ‘Gurjar’ as in the case of Vakilat etc. There are many opinions regarding the arrivals of Gurjars, two of them are, according to an old clan, they inhabited the area during the Mahabharat period and another opined that they belonged to Central Asia and came to India during the first century. The Gurjars passed through the Punjab and settled in some parts of Western India, which came to be known as Gujarat.Gujarat was also inhabited by the citizens of the Indus Valley and Harappan civilizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Rita Kothari.P65
    NMML OCCASIONAL PAPER PERSPECTIVES IN INDIAN DEVELOPMENT New Series 47 Questions in and of Language Rita Kothari Humanities and Social Sciences Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat Nehru Memorial Museum and Library 2015 NMML Occasional Paper © Rita Kothari, 2015 All rights reserved. No portion of the contents may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the author. This Occasional Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the NMML. The views expressed in this Occasional Paper are those of the author(s) and speakers and do not represent those of the NMML or NMML policy, or NMML staff, fellows, trustees, advisory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide support to the NMML Society nor are they endorsed by NMML. Occasional Papers describe research by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. Questions regarding the content of individual Occasional Papers should be directed to the authors. NMML will not be liable for any civil or criminal liability arising out of the statements made herein. Published by Nehru Memorial Museum and Library Teen Murti House New Delhi-110011 e-mail : ddnehrumemorial@gmail.com ISBN : 978-93-83650-63-7 Price Rs. 100/-; US $ 10 Page setting & Printed by : A.D. Print Studio, 1749 B/6, Govind Puri Extn. Kalkaji, New Delhi - 110019. E-mail : studio.adprint@gmail.com NMML Occasional Paper Questions in and of Language* Rita Kothari Sorathgada sun utri Janjhar re jankaar Dhroojegadaanrakangra Haan re hamedhooje to gad girnaar re… (K. Kothari, 1973: 53) As Sorath stepped out of the fort Not only the hill in the neighbourhood But the walls of Girnar fort trembled By the sweet twinkle of her toe-bells… The verse quoted above is one from the vast repertoire of narrative traditions of the musician community of Langhas.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya 'Samaj': Indian Merchants, Community Life, and Urban Society
    KENYA ‘SAMAJ’: INDIAN MERCHANTS, COMMUNITY LIFE, AND URBAN SOCIETY IN COLONIAL EAST AFRICA, C. 1890-1980 By Misha A. Mintz-Roth A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland May 2019 ABSTRACT Much scholarship about Indian populations in East Africa examines their histories through categories of race and class. Immigrant groups, according to these narratives, are often seen as agents of the British Empire or as a minority racial diaspora that experienced marginalization during the colonial and post-independence periods. This dissertation takes a different approach. Examining Indians as interconnected yet separate vocational populations, it argues that Indian immigrants played a central role in making Kenya’s colonial economy, urban society, and post- independence political order. Indian merchants—the focus of this dissertation—assumed positions of economic, social, and political prominence in Kenya, building up household wealth by situating themselves between African agrarian societies, the territory’s urban markets, and the colonial state. Despite the rise of anti-Indian sentiment during the colonial period and after independence, Indian merchants cultivated linkages to new political leaders and activated longer-standing communal connections to re-assimilate into Kenya’s post-independence environment. Community networks, I argue, not race or nation, became the primary mode of belonging among Indian merchants in twentieth century Kenya, as they migrated, settled, and accumulated wealth, among other goals. This dissertation examines a diversity of historical sources, including traders’ diaries, merchants’ memoirs, court records, commercial contracts, newspapers, and records from the Kenya and India National Archives.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Historiography of Modern Gujarat
    The Political Historiography of Modern Gujarat Tannen Neil Lincoln ISBN 978-81-7791-236-4 © 2016, Copyright Reserved The Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC) is engaged in interdisciplinary research in analytical and applied areas of the social sciences, encompassing diverse aspects of development. ISEC works with central, state and local governments as well as international agencies by undertaking systematic studies of resource potential, identifying factors influencing growth and examining measures for reducing poverty. The thrust areas of research include state and local economic policies, issues relating to sociological and demographic transition, environmental issues and fiscal, administrative and political decentralization and governance. It pursues fruitful contacts with other institutions and scholars devoted to social science research through collaborative research programmes, seminars, etc. The Working Paper Series provides an opportunity for ISEC faculty, visiting fellows and PhD scholars to discuss their ideas and research work before publication and to get feedback from their peer group. Papers selected for publication in the series present empirical analyses and generally deal with wider issues of public policy at a sectoral, regional or national level. These working papers undergo review but typically do not present final research results, and constitute works in progress. Working Paper Series Editor: Marchang Reimeingam THE POLITICAL HISTORIOGRAPHY OF MODERN
    [Show full text]
  • The M S University of Baroda Doctor of Philosophy Museology
    An Analytical Study of Administrative and Curatorial Problems of Government Museums in Gujarat A Thesis submitted to The M S University of Baroda as partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Museology By Dhumal Rashmika Surendra Guided by Dr N R Shah Associate Professor Department of Museology Faculty of Fine Arts The Department of Museology The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara - 390 002, Gujarat, India 2012 i An Analytical Study of Administrative and Curatorial Problems of Government Museums in Gujarat Ph.D. Thesis Dhumal Rashmika Surendra July 2012 i An Analytical Study of Administrative and Curatorial Problems of Government Museums in Gujarat A thesis submitted to The M S University of Baroda as partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Museology Guide Candidate Dr N R Shah Dhumal Rashmika Surendra Associate Professor Department of Museology The Department of Museology Faculty of Fine Arts The M S University of Baroda Vadodara July 2012 ii An Analytical Study of Administrative and Curatorial Problems of Government Museums in Gujarat A thesis submitted to The M S University of Baroda as partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Museology Guide Candidate Dr N R Shah Dhumal Rashmika Surendra Associate Professor Department of Museology The Department of Museology Faculty of Fine Arts The M S University of Baroda Vadodara July 2012 iii Ph.D. Examination Certificate This is to certify that the content of this thesis is the original research work of the candidate and have at no time been submitted for any other degree or diploma.
    [Show full text]