Download Chapter (PDF)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

PLATES 1. Cole Porter, Yale yearbook photograph (1913). 2. Westleigh Farms, Cole Porter’s childhood home in Indiana (2011). 3. Cole Porter’s World War I draft registration card (5 June 1917). War Department, Office of the Provost Marshal General. 4. Linda Porter, passport photograph (1919). 5. Cole Porter, Linda Porter, Bernard Berenson and Howard Sturges in Venice (c.1923). 6. Gerald Murphy, Ginny Carpenter, Cole Porter and Sara Murphy in Venice (1923). 7. Serge Diaghilev, Boris Kochno, Bronislava Nijinska, Ernest Ansermet and Igor Stravinsky in Monte Carlo (1923). Library of Congress, Music Division, Reproduction number: 200181841. 8. Letter from Cole Porter to Boris Kochno (September 1925). Courtesy of The Cole Porter Musical and Literary Property Trusts. 9. Scene from the original stage production of Fifty Million Frenchmen (1929). PHOTOFEST. 10. Irene Bordoni, star of Porter’s show Paris (1928). 11. Sheet music, ‘Love for Sale’ from The New Yorkers (1930). 12. Production designer Jo Mielziner showing a set for Jubilee (1935). PHOTOFEST. 13. Cole Porter composing as he reclines on a couch in the Ritz Hotel during out-of-town tryouts for Du Barry Was a Lady (1939). George Karger / Getty Images. 14. Cole and Linda Porter (c.1938). PHOTOFEST. 15. Ethel Merman in the New York production of Cole Porter’s Panama Hattie (1940). George Karger / Getty Images. vi PLATES 16. Sheet music, ‘Let’s Be Buddies’ from Panama Hattie (1940). 17. Draft of ‘I Am Ashamed that Women Are So Simple’ from Kiss Me, Kate (1948), Library of Congress. Courtesy of The Cole Porter Musical and Literary Property Trusts. 18. Monty Woolley, publicity photo (1949). 19. Nelson Barclift rehearsing for Irving Berlin’s This is The Army at Camp Upton (1943). Bettmann / Getty Images. 20. Charlotte Greenwood in Cole Porter’s Out of This World (1950). PHOTOFEST. 21. Cole Porter and Ed Sullivan on Sullivan’s television show, Toast of the Town (1953). 22. Cole Porter in an advertisement for Bromo-Seltzer (c.1950). 23. Cole Porter in an advertisement for Rheingold Beer, Daily News, New York (18 May 1953). 24. Ann Miller, Cole Porter, producer Jack Cummings and Kathryn Grayson on the set of Kiss Me Kate (MGM, 1953). PHOTOFEST. 25. Cole Porter and Jean Howard (1954). 26. Scene from Silk Stockings (1955). PHOTOFEST. 27. Cole Porter, music director Andre Previn and producer Jack Cummings working on the film Kiss Me Kate (1953). PHOTOFEST. 28. Autograph lyric sheet for Can-Can (1953). Courtesy of The Cole Porter Musical and Literary Property Trusts. 29. Sheet music, ‘True Love’ from High Society (1956). 30. Louis Armstrong and Grace Kelly on the set of High Society (1956). 31. The last photograph of Cole Porter, New York (1964). PHOTOFEST. vii.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Introducing New Surflight Theatre
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Surflight Theatre Press Director Charlie Siedenburg, 551-655-0968 BROADWAY PRODUCER ROY MILLER NAMED SURFLIGHT THEATRE PRODUCER Broadway producer (and Surflight alum) joins notable New Jersey summer destination – Surflight Theatre during exciting transitional period. BEACH HAVEN, NJ, Tuesday, September 21, 2010 — Surflight Theatre Board President Gene Hammond announced today that Broadway producer (and Surflight alum) Roy Miller has been appointed to the leadership position of Producer at Surflight Theatre. A New Jersey native, Miller’s Broadway producing credits include the current revival of West Side Story (Tony nomination for Best Musical Revival and Grammy Award Winner for Best Musical Show Album), The Drowsy Chaperone (winner of five 2006 Tony Awards; Drama Desk and NY Drama Critics’ Circle Awards for Best Musical), and The Pee-wee Herman Show (opening October 26). Before crossing the river to New York, Miller was Associate Producer of the acclaimed Paper Mill Playhouse in Millburn, NJ, from 1991 to 2004 where he produced over eighty musicals and plays including Animal Crackers starring Kristin Chenoweth, Follies starring Ann Miller, Gypsy starring Betty Buckley and Deborah Gibson, and Stephen Schwartz’s new musical Children of Eden . Miller may be new to the leadership of Surflight, but he is no stranger to the Beach Haven theatre's 450- seat venue. While performing in a high school production of Funny Girl in his hometown of Irvington, NJ, Miller was offered an apprenticeship at Surflight by the show’s director and Surflight founder Joseph P. Hayes. That first introduction to summer theatre at the Jersey Shore in 1975 was followed by two subsequent seasons as an apprentice and, eventually, as a member of the acting company in 1978.
[Show full text]
Lister); an American Folk Rhapsody Deutschmeister Kapelle/JULIUS HERRMANN; Band of the Welsh Guards/Cap
Guild GmbH Guild -Light Catalogue Bärenholzstrasse 8, 8537 Nussbaumen, Switzerland Tel: +41 52 742 85 00 - e-mail: [email protected] CD-No. Title Track/Composer Artists GLCD 5101 An Introduction Gateway To The West (Farnon); Going For A Ride (Torch); With A Song In My Heart QUEEN'S HALL LIGHT ORCHESTRA/ROBERT FARNON; SIDNEY TORCH AND (Rodgers, Hart); Heykens' Serenade (Heykens, arr. Goodwin); Martinique (Warren); HIS ORCHESTRA; ANDRE KOSTELANETZ & HIS ORCHESTRA; RON GOODWIN Skyscraper Fantasy (Phillips); Dance Of The Spanish Onion (Rose); Out Of This & HIS ORCHESTRA; RAY MARTIN & HIS ORCHESTRA; CHARLES WILLIAMS & World - theme from the film (Arlen, Mercer); Paris To Piccadilly (Busby, Hurran); HIS CONCERT ORCHESTRA; DAVID ROSE & HIS ORCHESTRA; MANTOVANI & Festive Days (Ancliffe); Ha'penny Breeze - theme from the film (Green); Tropical HIS ORCHESTRA; L'ORCHESTRE DEVEREAUX/GEORGES DEVEREAUX; (Gould); Puffin' Billy (White); First Rhapsody (Melachrino); Fantasie Impromptu in C LONDON PROMENADE ORCHESTRA/ WALTER COLLINS; PHILIP GREEN & HIS Sharp Minor (Chopin, arr. Farnon); London Bridge March (Coates); Mock Turtles ORCHESTRA; MORTON GOULD & HIS ORCHESTRA; DANISH STATE RADIO (Morley); To A Wild Rose (MacDowell, arr. Peter Yorke); Plink, Plank, Plunk! ORCHESTRA/HUBERT CLIFFORD; MELACHRINO ORCHESTRA/GEORGE (Anderson); Jamaican Rhumba (Benjamin, arr. Percy Faith); Vision in Velvet MELACHRINO; KINGSWAY SO/CAMARATA; NEW LIGHT SYMPHONY (Duncan); Grand Canyon (van der Linden); Dancing Princess (Hart, Layman, arr. ORCHESTRA/JOSEPH LEWIS; QUEEN'S HALL LIGHT ORCHESTRA/ROBERT Young); Dainty Lady (Peter); Bandstand ('Frescoes' Suite) (Haydn Wood) FARNON; PETER YORKE & HIS CONCERT ORCHESTRA; LEROY ANDERSON & HIS 'POPS' CONCERT ORCHESTRA; PERCY FAITH & HIS ORCHESTRA; NEW CONCERT ORCHESTRA/JACK LEON; DOLF VAN DER LINDEN & HIS METROPOLE ORCHESTRA; FRANK CHACKSFIELD & HIS ORCHESTRA; REGINALD KING & HIS LIGHT ORCHESTRA; NEW CONCERT ORCHESTRA/SERGE KRISH GLCD 5102 1940's Music In The Air (Lloyd, arr.
[Show full text]
Cole Porter: the Social Significance of Selected Love Lyrics of the 1930S
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Unisa Institutional Repository Cole Porter: the social significance of selected love lyrics of the 1930s by MARILYN JUNE HOLLOWAY submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject of ENGLISH at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR IA RABINOWITZ November 2010 DECLARATION i SUMMARY This dissertation examines selected love lyrics composed during the 1930s by Cole Porter, whose witty and urbane music epitomized the Golden era of American light music. These lyrics present an interesting paradox – a man who longed for his music to be accepted by the American public, yet remained indifferent to the social mores of the time. Porter offered trenchant social commentary aimed at a society restricted by social taboos and cultural conventions. The argument develops systematically through a chronological and contextual study of the influences of people and events on a man and his music. The prosodic intonation and imagistic texture of the lyrics demonstrate an intimate correlation between personality and composition which, in turn, is supported by the biographical content. KEY WORDS: Broadway, Cole Porter, early Hollywood musicals, gays and musicals, innuendo, musical comedy, social taboos, song lyrics, Tin Pan Alley, 1930 film censorship ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I should like to thank Professor Ivan Rabinowitz, my supervisor, who has been both my mentor and an unfailing source of encouragement; Dawie Malan who was so patient in sourcing material from libraries around the world with remarkable fortitude and good humour; Dr Robin Lee who suggested the title of my dissertation; Dr Elspa Hovgaard who provided academic and helpful comment; my husband, Henry Holloway, a musicologist of world renown, who had to share me with another man for three years; and the man himself, Cole Porter, whose lyrics have thrilled, and will continue to thrill, music lovers with their sophistication and wit.
[Show full text]
Cole Albert Porter (June 9, 1891 October 15, 1964) Was An
Cole Albert Porter (June 9, 1891 October 15, 1964) was an American composer and songwriter. Born to a wealthy family in Indiana, he defied the wishes of his dom ineering grandfather and took up music as a profession. Classically trained, he was drawn towards musical theatre. After a slow start, he began to achieve succe ss in the 1920s, and by the 1930s he was one of the major songwriters for the Br oadway musical stage. Unlike many successful Broadway composers, Porter wrote th e lyrics as well as the music for his songs. After a serious horseback riding accident in 1937, Porter was left disabled and in constant pain, but he continued to work. His shows of the early 1940s did not contain the lasting hits of his best work of the 1920s and 30s, but in 1948 he made a triumphant comeback with his most successful musical, Kiss Me, Kate. It w on the first Tony Award for Best Musical. Porter's other musicals include Fifty Million Frenchmen, DuBarry Was a Lady, Any thing Goes, Can-Can and Silk Stockings. His numerous hit songs include "Night an d Day","Begin the Beguine", "I Get a Kick Out of You", "Well, Did You Evah!", "I 've Got You Under My Skin", "My Heart Belongs to Daddy" and "You're the Top". He also composed scores for films from the 1930s to the 1950s, including Born to D ance (1936), which featured the song "You'd Be So Easy to Love", Rosalie (1937), which featured "In the Still of the Night"; High Society (1956), which included "True Love"; and Les Girls (1957).
[Show full text]
TAP INTO HISTORY Study Guide for Educators
TAP INTO HISTORY Study Guide for Educators Highlights of Tap History: 1600’s: English people migrate to the United States, bringing social dance, waltzes, jigs, reels and clogs. At the same time, Africans come to America (as slaves) and bring percussive, grounded and syncopated rhythms. 1880’s: Vaudeville (a variety entertainment performance circuit) establishes tap as an American art form. 1915: Metal taps are added to shoes. 1930’s-50’s: The era of dance movies starring Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, Eleanor Powell, Bill Robinson, Buddy Ebsen, James Cagney, Gene Kelly, Donald O’Connor, Ann Miller, and others. 1970’s: Dance studios and colleges start teaching tap. Hip hop and other social dance forms eclipse tap’s popularity. 1980’s: The first tap companies are formed, primarily by women, and the first international tap festival takes place in New York City. 1989: Congress establishes National Tap Dance Day to honor Bill “Bojangles” Robinson’s birthday, May 25th. 1990’s: Tap/percussive dance shows such as Riverdance, Lord of the Dance, Stomp and Tap Dogs become popular worldwide. Savion Glover becomes the poster child for the genre for his appearances in shows like Bring in ‘da Noise, Bring in ‘da Funk and on Sesame Street. Present: Many veteran tap dancers pass away, giving rise to a new generation of tap dancers like Michelle Dorrance, Chloe Arnold, and Jason Samuels Smith. Contemporary tap dance pushes the boundaries of the art form beyond just tapping, exploring elements such as storytelling, technology, and fusion with other dance forms. Questions? [email protected] © 2020 Ryan P.
[Show full text]
Cole Porter Lesson Plan
COLE PORTER Gay U.S. Composer (1893-1964) Cole Porter remains one of America's all-time greatest composers and songwriters – one of the few who wrote both the lyrics and the music. His hits include the musical comedies The Gay Divorce (1932), Anything Goes (1934), Panama Hattie (1939), Kiss Me, Kate (1948) and Can-Can (1952); and featured songs like "Night and Day", "I Get a Kick out of You", "I've Got You Under My Skin" and “Begin the Beguine.” He worked with legendary stars Fred Astaire, Ethel Merman, Fanny Brice, Judy Garland, Gene Kelly, Roy Rogers, Bing Crosby, Mary Martin and the Andrews Sisters; and is considered one of the principal contributors to The Great American Songbook. He married his close friend, socialite Linda Lee Thomas, in 1919 – a union that assured her social status while increasing his chances for success in his career. They lived a happy, publicly acceptable life, but Porter’s reputation as a regular fixture at some of underground Hollywood’s most notorious gay gatherings led to hushed rumors within upper-crust circles that threatened Thomas’s social standing. They separated in the early 1930s (but did not divorce) and remained close friends. In 1937 Porter was crippled when his legs were crushed in a riding accident. He was in the hospital for months, struggling against mental and physical decline, though he continued to write with some success for the next several years. But the death of his beloved mother in 1952, followed by his wife’s passing in 1954, and the amputation of his right leg in 1958, took its toll.
[Show full text]
June 1-3,2(>(>7
Leonard A. Anderson M. Seth Reines Executive Director Artistic Director June 1-3,2(>(>7 nte Media -I1 I - I , ,, This program is partially supportec grant from the Illinois Arts Council. Named a Partner In Excellence by the Illinois Arts Council. IF IT'S GOT OUR NAME ON IT YOlU'VE GOT OUR WORD ON If. attachments that are tough enough for folks Ib you. And then we put wr gllarantee on m,m, In fact,we ofb the WustryS only 3-year warm&, Visit mgrHd.com. Book By James Goldman Music Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim Produced Originally on Broadway by Harold Prince By special arrangement with Cameron Mackintosh Directed & Staged by Tony Parise Assistant To The Directorr AEA Stage Manager Marie Jagger-Taylor* Tom Reynolds* Lighting Designer Musical Director Sound Designer Joe Spratt P. Jason Yarcho David J. Scobbie The Cast (In Order of Appearance) Dimitri Weismann .............................................................................................Guy S. Little Jr.* Roscoe....................................................................................................................... Tom Bunfill Phyllis Rogers Stone................................................................................... Colleen Zenk Pinter* Benjamin Stone....................................................................................................... Mark Pinter* Sally Durant Plumrner........................................................................................ a McNeely* Buddy Plummer........................................................................................................
[Show full text]
Andztjf Aa>Velroztt: I
* them later for five times that sum, a Author Protection [Sergt. Kelly Writes Movie and gaining tremendous profits Steps Being Taken from the fact that the popular sale With Grenades and His Gun HOLLYWOOD. of the novel made the Him a much Some recourse for an author who By JAY CARMODY. more valuable property. Authors' sells picture rights to a while Journalism department: Just which movie studio keeps its eye story agents are now stipulating a cut on most unrovingly glued to the front page is for more research minded It is still In galley proofs, and later film profits, to know, but this commentator thinks it mast ~ people certainly must be sees his price become a pitiful part 20th AMUSEMENTS. Century-Fox. of what he could have collected If That entertainment over huge factory, presided by inactive Col. he had waited for publication and Darryl Zanuck. has Just turned away from its favorite newspaper with successful Is -.—__— sales, being planned at the story of Sergt. Edward (Com- __ last, mando* the lad a. Kelly, Pittsburgh leave, not because the job has not Typical of inequities to an author wmm a lark u who had such Ger- killing gw \\ !¥J been an entirely happy one, and the was the case of Margaret Mitchell mans in As a pn rvTTi Italy. result, Sergt. associations pleasant, but because and "Gone With the Wind.” The has $25,000. the goes, 4 • Kelly report he never liked the idea of to screen rights $50,000 with wet it with Canute TTatet. A having brought m Simply to add now to the other laurels he tell his son few later that he spent the the film owner refusing a sale of applications will completely fe- a Canute Water won by virtue of being sort of war » color it similar to its former natural presiding over a cocktail lounge.
[Show full text]
Szymanowski, Karol Maciej (1882-1937) by Douglas Blair Turnbaugh
Szymanowski, Karol Maciej (1882-1937) by Douglas Blair Turnbaugh Encyclopedia Copyright © 2015, glbtq, Inc. Entry Copyright © 2002, glbtq, Inc. Karol Szymanowski. Reprinted from http://www.glbtq.com Revered as the father of Polish contemporary classical music, Karol Szymanowski unequivocally expresses homoeroticism in his music. He was born at Timoshovska, Ukraine, on October 3, 1882. Although born in Russian territory, Szymanowski was of a noble Polish family. The family estate was a center of musical activity, and, with his father as his teacher, Szymanowski's musical education began at an early age. A masterly pianist, he later studied privately in Warsaw, but was an autodidact in composition. His earliest work, influenced by Chopin and Scriabin, is lyrical, but dominated by sentimental melancholy. In 1905 Szymanowski began to live abroad, as he continued his "self-education." The rich, talented, handsome young aristocrat was an ornament in the stupendous social whirl of pre-World War I Berlin, Leipzig, and Vienna. With his friend Stefan Spiess, he visited Sicily in 1911 and Algiers and Tunis in 1914. Szymanowski, not unlike other European gay artists, such as Baron von Gloeden, Oscar Wilde, and André Gide, found the spectacle of unabashed boy-love in the less inhibited southern climate to be psychologically liberating and, thereby, an inspiration to his art. Szymanowski celebrated his newly liberated sexuality in his music. After the Sicilian visit, the melancholy of his earlier work was vanquished by the joy that would be present throughout the rest of his creative life. Homoeroticism is discernible in much of his music, especially in such works as "Love Songs of Hafiz" and "Third Symphony--Song of the Night, for tenor solo," a setting of a poem by the thirteenth-century Persian poet Rumi.
[Show full text]
The Application of Music in Industry and Its Effect Upon the Morale and Efficiency of the Worker
r THE APPLICATION OF MUSIC IN INDUSTRY AND ITS EFFECT UPON THE MORALE AND EFFICIENCY OF THE WORKER by John H. ScottJr. W. Scott Libbey Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1 9 4 3 THESIS AUTHORIZATION DateJanuary 54 1943 Name brLJD .tt,..Jr. 9 Te Appic.ato.n .. fMusc-in jrtduztxy-azcjJtsEffec. upan- _thLe M-rale-and-Eficlenay .of-the-Worker This is your authority to proceed with the thesis investi- gation as outlined in your preliminary report. Please return this sheet with the original copy of the finished thesis. Signature of the Advisor, indicating completion of a sat-- isfactory preliminary report. Advisor Signature of the Supervisor, indicating proper registration fo- redit, and generally satisfactory progress. and gene l s M. I. T. Graduate House Cambridge, Massachusetts January 11, 1943 Professor George W. Swett Secretary of the Faculty Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts Dear Sir: In accordance with the requirements for graduation, we herewith submit a thesis entitled, The Application of Music in Industry and its Effect upon the Morale and Efficiency of the Worker. We wish to express our gratitude to Professor Douglas McGregor, who has been extremely helpful in the organization of our material. Sincerely yours, QJ Q4 John H. Scott, Jr. W. Scott Libbey TABLE OF CONTEINTS Introduction Purpose 2 Scope 3 Method 4 history 5 Sumiary 7 The Effects of Music 12 Psychology of Music 13 Rhythm 14 Morale 15 Fatigue 22
[Show full text]
Bruce Walker Musical Theater Recording Collection
Bruce Walker Musical Theater Recording Collection Bruce Walker Musical Theater Recording Collection Recordings are on vinyl unless marked otherwise marked (* = Cassette or # = Compact Disc) KEY OC - Original Cast TV - Television Soundtrack OBC - Original Broadway Cast ST - Film Soundtrack OLC - Original London Cast SC - Studio Cast RC - Revival Cast ## 2 (OC) 3 GUYS NAKED FROM THE WAIST DOWN (OC) 4 TO THE BAR 13 DAUGHTERS 20'S AND ALL THAT JAZZ, THE 40 YEARS ON (OC) 42ND STREET (OC) 70, GIRLS, 70 (OC) 81 PROOF 110 IN THE SHADE (OC) 1776 (OC) A A5678 - A MUSICAL FABLE ABSENT-MINDED DRAGON, THE ACE OF CLUBS (SEE NOEL COWARD) ACROSS AMERICA ACT, THE (OC) ADVENTURES OF BARON MUNCHHAUSEN, THE ADVENTURES OF COLORED MAN ADVENTURES OF MARCO POLO (TV) AFTER THE BALL (OLC) AIDA AIN'T MISBEHAVIN' (OC) AIN'T SUPPOSED TO DIE A NATURAL DEATH ALADD/THE DRAGON (BAG-A-TALE) Bruce Walker Musical Theater Recording Collection ALADDIN (OLC) ALADDIN (OC Wilson) ALI BABBA & THE FORTY THIEVES ALICE IN WONDERLAND (JANE POWELL) ALICE IN WONDERLAND (ANN STEPHENS) ALIVE AND WELL (EARL ROBINSON) ALLADIN AND HIS WONDERFUL LAMP ALL ABOUT LIFE ALL AMERICAN (OC) ALL FACES WEST (10") THE ALL NIGHT STRUT! ALICE THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS (TV) ALL IN LOVE (OC) ALLEGRO (0C) THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN AMBASSADOR AMERICAN HEROES AN AMERICAN POEM AMERICANS OR LAST TANGO IN HUAHUATENANGO .....................(SF MIME TROUPE) (See FACTWINO) AMY THE ANASTASIA AFFAIRE (CD) AND SO TO BED (SEE VIVIAN ELLIS) AND THE WORLD GOES 'ROUND (CD) AND THEN WE WROTE... (FLANDERS & SWANN) AMERICAN
[Show full text]
Jimmy Mchugh Collection of Sheet Music Title
Cal State LA Special Collections & Archives Jimmy McHugh Collection of Sheet Music Title: Jimmy McHugh Collection of Sheet Music Collection Number: 1989.001 Creator: Jimmy McHugh Music Inc Dates: 1894 - 1969 Extent: 8 linear ft. Repository: California State University, Los Angeles, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, Special Collections and Archives Location: Special Collections & Archives, Palmer, 4th floor Room 4048 - A Provenance: Donated by Lucille Meyers. Processing Information: Processed by Jennifer McCrackan 2017 Arrangement: The collection is organized into three series: I. Musical and Movie Scores; II. Other Scores; III. Doucments; IV: LP Record. Copyright: Jimmy McHugh Musical Scores Collection is the physical property of California State University, Los Angeles, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, Special Collections and Archives. Preferred Citation: Folder title, Series, Box number, Collection title, followed by Special Collections and Archives, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, California State University, Los Angeles Historical/Biographical Note Jimmy Francis McHugh was born in Boston, Massachusetts on July 10th, 1893 and is hailed as one of the most popular Irish-American songwriters since Victor Herbert. His father was a plumber and his mother was an accomplished pianist. His career began when he was promoted from a office boy to a rehearsal pianist at the Boston Opera House. As his desire was to write and perform “popular” music, he left the job in 1917 to become a pianist and song plugger in Boston with the Irving Berlin publishing company. In 1921, he moved to New York after getting married and started working for Jack Mills Inc. where he published his first song, Emaline.
[Show full text]