Evolutionary Background Entities at the Cellular and Subcellular Levels in Bodies of Nonhuman Vertebrate Animals
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Non-Invasive Surveys of Mammalian Viruses Using Environmental DNA
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.009993; this version posted March 29, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Title Non-invasive surveys of mammalian viruses using environmental DNA Highlights Environmental DNA (water and blood-sucking leeches) provided a non- invasive method of screening wildlife for viruses A comprehensive viral RNA oligonucleotide bait set was developed to capture known and unknown mammalian virus diversity Leech blood meal host determination and viruses identified were congruent Viruses determined from water correlated with known and observed species visiting the water sources In brief Alfano, Dayaram, et al. demonstrate that environmental DNA from southeast Asian leech bloodmeals and waterholes from Africa and Mongolia can be used as to detect viruses circulating in wildlife. These nucleic acid sources may represent an effective non-invasive resource for studying wildlife viral diversity and emerging viruses pre- emergence. bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.009993; this version posted March 29, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Non-invasive surveys of mammalian viruses using environmental DNA Niccolo Alfano1,2*, Anisha Dayaram3,4*, Jan Axtner1, Kyriakos Tsangaras5, Marie- Louise Kampmann1,6, Azlan Mohamed1,7, Seth T. -
Parvoviridae Hanafy .M.Madbouly Professor of Virology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni-Suef University
Parvoviridae Hanafy .M.Madbouly Professor of Virology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni-Suef University Definitions of the virus causative agents of several animal diseases. are most severe in fetuses and neonates. Parvovirus infections of the fetus or newborn during organogenesis may result in developmental defects. Replication of parvovirus is restricted in hemopoietic precursors, lymphocytes, and progenitor cells of intestinal mucosa of older animals. 2/38 Definitions of the virus cause acute infections for a few days, others persist for long periods in the feces of apparently robust host immune responses. Human Parvovirus B19 replication occurs only in human erythrocyte precursors The virus is found to survive in feces and other organic material such as soil for over 10 years. It survives extremely low and high temperatures. 3/38 Physical Properties of the virus . Family: Parvoviridae with two subfamilies . Parvovirinae. (vertebrate ). has 5 genera . Densovirinae. (invertebrate). Has3 genera .non-enveloped, 25 nm in diameter .Capsid: icosahederal. .Genome ssDNA Diseases caused by parvoviruses • As of 2014, there were no known human viruses in the remaining three recognized genera: • vi) Amdoparvovirus (e.g. Aleutian mink disease virus), • vii) Aveparvovirus (e.g. chicken parvovirus) and • viii) Copiparvovirus (e.g. bovine parvovirus 2). • Mouse parvovirus 1, however, causes no symptoms but can contaminate immunology experiments in biological research laboratories. • Porcine parvovirus causes a reproductive disease in swine known as SMEDI, which stands for stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, and infertility. Diseases caused by parvoviruses • Many mammalian species sustain infection by multiple parvoviruses. • Feline panleukopenia is common in kittens and causes fever, low white blood cell count, diarrhea, and death. -
Evidence to Support Safe Return to Clinical Practice by Oral Health Professionals in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Repo
Evidence to support safe return to clinical practice by oral health professionals in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A report prepared for the Office of the Chief Dental Officer of Canada. November 2020 update This evidence synthesis was prepared for the Office of the Chief Dental Officer, based on a comprehensive review under contract by the following: Paul Allison, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Raphael Freitas de Souza, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Lilian Aboud, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Martin Morris, Library, McGill University November 30th, 2020 1 Contents Page Introduction 3 Project goal and specific objectives 3 Methods used to identify and include relevant literature 4 Report structure 5 Summary of update report 5 Report results a) Which patients are at greater risk of the consequences of COVID-19 and so 7 consideration should be given to delaying elective in-person oral health care? b) What are the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 that oral health professionals 9 should screen for prior to providing in-person health care? c) What evidence exists to support patient scheduling, waiting and other non- treatment management measures for in-person oral health care? 10 d) What evidence exists to support the use of various forms of personal protective equipment (PPE) while providing in-person oral health care? 13 e) What evidence exists to support the decontamination and re-use of PPE? 15 f) What evidence exists concerning the provision of aerosol-generating 16 procedures (AGP) as part of in-person -
Evidence to Support Safe Return to Clinical Practice by Oral Health Professionals in Canada During the COVID- 19 Pandemic: A
Evidence to support safe return to clinical practice by oral health professionals in Canada during the COVID- 19 pandemic: A report prepared for the Office of the Chief Dental Officer of Canada. March 2021 update This evidence synthesis was prepared for the Office of the Chief Dental Officer, based on a comprehensive review under contract by the following: Raphael Freitas de Souza, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Paul Allison, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Lilian Aboud, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Martin Morris, Library, McGill University March 31, 2021 1 Contents Evidence to support safe return to clinical practice by oral health professionals in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A report prepared for the Office of the Chief Dental Officer of Canada. .................................................................................................................................. 1 Foreword to the second update ............................................................................................. 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5 Project goal............................................................................................................................. 5 Specific objectives .................................................................................................................. 6 Methods used to identify and include relevant literature ...................................................... -
Annual Conference 2017
Annual Conference 2017 3–6 APRIL, EICC, EDINBURGH, UK POSTER ABSTRACT BOOK @MicrobioSoc #Microbio17 Annual Conference 2017 EICC, Edinburgh 3-6 April Posters displayed Monday to Thursday Virus Workshop: Antivirals and Vaccines Virus Workshop: Clinical Virology Network Virus Workshop: Evolution and Virus Populations Virus Workshop: Gene expression and replication Virus Workshop: Innate Immunity Virus Workshop: Morphogenesis, egress and entry Virus Workshop: Pathogenesis Annual Meeting of Protistology-UK society: Intracellular infection and endosymbiosis within protists Aquatic Microbiology Cell biology of pathogen entry into host cells Circadian Rhythms Critical health challenges in medical mycology Epigenetic and Non Coding RNAs in Eukaryotes Synthetic and Systems Biology Approaches to Microbiology Posters displayed on Monday and Tuesday Geomicrobiology Macromolecular Machines Microbial Mechanisms of Plant pathology Prokaryotic Genetics and Genomics Forum Prokaryotic Microbial Infection Forum Posters displayed on Wednesday and Thursday Anaerobes in infection Environmental and Applied Microbiology Forum Heterogeneity and Polymicrobial Interactions in Biofilms Microbial Cell Surfaces Microbial Genomics: Whole Population to Single Cell Microbial Physiology, Metabolism and Molecular Mechanisms Forum Please note: Abstracts are published as received from the authors and are not subject to editing Annual Conference 2017 EICC, Edinburgh 3-6 April Virus Workshop: Antivirals and Vaccines 1 Investigating membrane viral bending proteins in coronavirus replication. Entedar Alsaadi1, Benjamin W.Neuman1 1University of Reading, Reading, UK, 2University of Reading, Reading, UK The coronavirus envelope spike (S) glycoprotein, a class I viral fusion protein, is responsible for the fusion between the membranes of the virus and the host cell. The fusion peptide has yet to be definitively identified, but bioinformatics analysis suggests that at least part of the fusion peptide is located near the amino terminus of the S2 region of S. -
Patogenicidad Microbiana En Medicina Veterinaria Volumen: Virología
Patogenicidad microbiana en Medicina Veterinaria Volumen: Virología Fabiana A. Moredo, Alejandra E. Larsen, Nestor O. Stanchi (Coordinadores) FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS PATOGENICIDAD MICROBIANA EN MEDICINA VETERINARIA VOLUMEN: VIROLOGÍA Fabiana A. Moredo Alejandra E. Larsen Nestor O. Stanchi (Coordinadores) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias 1 A nuestras familias 2 Agradecimientos Nuestro agradecimiento a todos los colegas docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y en especial a la Universidad Nacional de La Plata por darnos esta oportunidad. 3 Índice VOLUMEN 2 Virología Capítulo 1 Características generales de los virus Cecilia M. Galosi, Nadia A. Fuentealba____________________________________________6 Capítulo 2 Arterivirus Germán E. Metz y María M. Abeyá______________________________________________28 Capítulo 3 Herpesvirus Cecilia M. Galosi, María E. Bravi, Mariela R. Scrochi ________________________________37 Capítulo 4 Orthomixovirus Guillermo H. Sguazza y María E. Bravi___________________________________________49 Capítulo 5 Paramixovirus Marco A. Tizzano____________________________________________________________61 Capítulo 6 Parvovirus Nadia A Fuentealba, María S. Serena____________________________________________71 Capítulo 7 Retrovirus Carlos J. Panei, Viviana Cid de la Paz____________________________________________81 Capítulo 8 Rhabdovirus Marcelo R. Pecoraro, Leandro Picotto____________________________________________92 Capítulo 9 Togavirus María G. Echeverría, María Laura Susevich______________________________________104 -
Parvoviruses: Small Does Not Mean Simple
VI01CH25-Tattersall ARI 20 August 2014 13:33 Parvoviruses: Small Does Not Mean Simple Susan F. Cotmore1 and Peter Tattersall1,2 Departments of 1Laboratory Medicine and 2Genetics, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Virol. 2014. 1:517–37 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on viral diversity, limited coding capacity, dynamic protein cylinder, capsid July 9, 2014 portals, rolling hairpin replication, early virion release by 98.156.86.215 on 10/05/14. For personal use only. The Annual Review of Virology is online at virology.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: Parvoviruses are small, rugged, nonenveloped protein particles containing 10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085444 a linear, nonpermuted, single-stranded DNA genome of ∼5 kb. Their lim- Copyright c 2014 by Annual Reviews. ited coding potential requires optimal adaptation to the environment of Annual Review of Virology 2014.1:517-537. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org All rights reserved particular host cells, where entry is mediated by a variable program of cap- sid dynamics, ultimately leading to genome ejection from intact particles within the host nucleus. Genomes are amplified by a continuous unidirec- tional strand-displacement mechanism, a linear adaptation of rolling circle replication that relies on the repeated folding and unfolding of small hairpin telomeres to reorient the advancing fork. Progeny genomes are propelled by the viral helicase into the preformed capsid via a pore at one of its icosahedral fivefold axes. Here we explore how the fine-tuning of this unique replication system and the mechanics that regulate opening and closing of the capsid fivefold portals have evolved in different viral lineages to create a remarkably complex spectrum of phenotypes. -
The Parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice Modulates the Dna Damage Response
THE PARVOVIRUS MINUTE VIRUS OF MICE MODULATES THE DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE TO FACILITATE VIRAL REPLICATION AND A PRE-MITOTIC CELL CYCLE BLOCK A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By MATTHEW S. FULLER David J. Pintel, Dissertation Supervisor May 2017 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the Dissertation entitled THE PARVOVIRUS MINUTE VIRUS OF MICE MODULATES THE DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE TO FACILITATE VIRAL REPLICATION AND A PRE-MITOTIC CELL CYCLE BLOCK Presented by Matthew S. Fuller A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. David J. Pintel Dr. Dongsheng Duan Dr. Mark Hannink Dr. Christian Lorson Dr. Stefanos Sarafianos ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank David Pintel for graciously accepting me into his laboratory and patiently mentoring me for nearly six years. Hands down, without question, the single best choice I made during my entire tenure in graduate school occurred early on, when I decided to join your lab. Your patience and understanding afforded me the freedom to make and learn from my, at times quite plentiful, mistakes and to gain the confidence needed to become an independent thinker and scientist. Although demanding, and at times exceptionally challenging, your persistence and insistence of adhering to the highest standards of scientific rigor and intellectual discourse allows each of us to stand out in the scientific community and generate exceptional work and ideas. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation
CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON OF SQUAMATE DEPENDOPARVOVIRUS TYPE I TO MAMMALIAN ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUSES By VICTORIA E. FIELDING A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2016 © 2016 Victoria E. Fielding This work is dedicated to Trevor, my parents, Marshall, Rebekah, my grandparents, and all of the friends that have always believed in me. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my parents, Charles and Angela, and my siblings, Marshall and Rebekah, for their love and support throughout this process. My heart-felt thanks is also extended to my grandparents, who have been my biggest fans and strongest supporters throughout my scientific career. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to my mentor, Dr. Mavis Agbandje-McKenna, for pushing me to be the best scientist that I can be, for her endless patience, and for believing in me. I would like to thank Dr. Robert McKenna for his unique constructive insight into my project, and his encouragement. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. James B. Flanegan, Dr. Joanna Long, Dr. Arun Srivastava, and Dr. Gail Fanucci, for their time, invaluable ideas, and encouragement. I would also like to extend my thanks to our collaborators, Dr. Peter Tijssen, Qian Yu, Maude Boisvert, and Judit Pénzes (Institut National de la Recherché Scientifique, Québec) for providing us with the original sAAV constructs that were used throughout the course of this project, and to Dr. Mario Mietzsch (UF, Charité Medical School) and Dr. -
Genetic Diversity, Molecular Evolution and Classification of the Viruses In
Genetic diversity, molecular evolution and classification of the viruses in the genus Amdoparvovirus circulating in free-ranging mink in Nova Scotia and detection of novel species By Faezeh Kharazyan Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia December 2016 © Copyright by Faezeh Kharazyan, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................ix ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED ..................................................................... xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................. 3 2.1 Permissive and restricted infections of AMDV ..................................... 3 2.2 Pathogenicity of AMDV strains ............................................................ 5 2.3 Transmission, host range and epidemiology of AMDV ........................ 6 2.4 Genome structure and viral proteins .................................................... 8 2.4.1 Caspase recognition sites in the NS1 -
WO 2018/035387 Al 22 February 2018 (22.02.2018) W ! P O PCT
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization III International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/035387 Al 22 February 2018 (22.02.2018) W ! P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, C12N 15/10 (2006.01) C12N 15/85 (2006.01) DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, C12N 15/63 (2006.01) HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, (21) International Application Number: MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, PCT/US2017/047458 OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (22) International Filing Date: SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY,TH, TJ, TM, TN, 17 August 2017 (17.08.2017) TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (25) Filing Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (26) Publication Language: English GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, (30) Priority Data: UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, 62/376,372 17 August 2016 (17.08.2016) US TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, 62/437,03 1 20 December 2016 (20.12.2016) US EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, (71) Applicants: THE BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. -
Virome of a Feline Outbreak of Diarrhea and Vomiting Includes Bocaviruses and a Novel Chapparvovirus
viruses Article Virome of a Feline Outbreak of Diarrhea and Vomiting Includes Bocaviruses and a Novel Chapparvovirus 1,2, 3, 3 1,2 4 Yanpeng Li y , Emilia Gordon y, Amanda Idle , Eda Altan , M. Alexis Seguin , Marko Estrada 4, Xutao Deng 1,2 and Eric Delwart 1,2,* 1 Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (E.A.); [email protected] (X.D.) 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA 3 The British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Vancouver, BC V5T1R1, Canada; [email protected] (E.G.); [email protected] (A.I.) 4 IDEXX Reference Laboratories, Inc., West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA; [email protected] (M.A.S.); [email protected] (M.E.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-(415)-531-0763 These authors contributed equally to the study. y Received: 24 March 2020; Accepted: 1 May 2020; Published: 4 May 2020 Abstract: An unexplained outbreak of feline diarrhea and vomiting, negative for common enteric viral and bacterial pathogens, was subjected to viral metagenomics and PCR. We characterized from fecal samples the genome of a novel chapparvovirus we named fechavirus that was shed by 8/17 affected cats and identified three different feline bocaviruses shed by 9/17 cats. Also detected were nucleic acids from attenuated vaccine viruses, members of the normal feline virome, viruses found in only one or two cases, and viruses likely derived from ingested food products. Epidemiological investigation of disease signs, time of onset, and transfers of affected cats between three facilities support a possible role for this new chapparvovirus in a highly contagious feline diarrhea and vomiting disease.