DOCUMENT RESUME ED 114 230 RC 008 AUTHOR Mill r, Hubert J. TITLE Jua de Zumarraga; First Bishop of Mexico. The Tinker Pamphlet Series for the Teaching of Mexican American Heritage. RUB DATE 73 NOTE' 58p.; For related documents/ see RC 008 850 -852 AVAILABLE FROM Mr. Al Ramirez, P.O. Box 471, Edinburg, Texas 78539 \ ($1.00) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS. Alierican Indians; *Biographies; Cultural, Background; *Cultural Interrelationships; Curriculum Enrichment; \\. Curriculum Guides; Elementary Secohdary Education; Institutions; *Mexican American History; *Mexicans; Resource Materials; Sociocultdral Patterns; Vocabulary; *Western Civilization IDENTIFIERS *Zumarraga (Juan de) / ABSTRACT The decades of the 1530's ana 1540's witnessed the -0 founding of Hispanic colonial institutions,many of which with modifications continue today. Among the most lasting of thesehas been the Church. This is part of Juan de Zumarraga's (Mexico'sfikst archbishop) legacy, not only the settingup of ecclesiastical administration but also the prelate's ministryamong his people. Zumarraga's concerns were many and varied: Concern for the Indians' spiritual and mat rial well-being prdmpted Zumarraga to es\ablish schbols and hospita nliroduce the first printing press, an'd collect a library. Equal nificanthnd less known is his role of introducing and promoting European culture in early coinial Mexico. Spain and Pougal were a century ahead of Other European colonial powers in bring g Western Christian civilization to the New World. Throughout the 1 O's much of the present day United States Atlantic seaboard was a wi derness when compared to the developing cultural life in Central Me ico- This booklet's purpose isto provide the essential histori al information for this, head start through the' study of the life of Zumarraga. Although its primary intent isas a teaching tool for elementary teachers, itcan be profitableon the secondary level. A brief bibliography is included to provide the) teacher with additional information and a listing of audiovisual( materials. (Author/NO, ********************************************************44***A******** * Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makesevery effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available *. * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDPS are the best that 'can be made from the original. **.vc****************************************************************** U DERtMENT OF HEALTH E.DOC'ION &WELFARE 'NATIO L INSTITUTE OF E UCATiON DOCuMEN HAS BEEN REPRO- ucEp ExAcTLv AS RECEIVED FROM THE PIER$ON OR 0 GANiZATION ORIGIN A/INGT/ POINTS 0 vtEIN OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NE ESSARItv REPRE- SENT OFF iCiAL NATIO AL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION R POLICY P^7 Tg .1 A\ ['\r IRST;BISHOP OFMEXICO /HUBERT J. MILLS The\ Tinker PamphletSer8 for . The Teaching'of Mexican Am tx) ) 4 f4, B rt<NfartTv, tTT IIIJ.% Miler6 r n"sr T.- 1,14 6'fI ti (,1 ht 144 ; 41 6 f, fl,A,NFC 1.1 2 cr.";14,..` PRINTED BY`THE NEW SANTA R PRESS, j, i D1BURG, TEXAS Go'or Illustration byGini Bruce IC Copyright, 1973 by Hubert J. Miller :.)()(1.;3 FLUX ,BISHOP OFMEXICO HUBERT J. MILLER The Tinker pamphlet Series , for The Teaching . of Mexican American Heritage .' ,t, N 1/4. To DoHs 1, -r .C.. EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD Martha T. Muse, President of the Tinker Foundatin Marietta Daniels Shepherd, Chief, Library Development Program Organization of American States Curtis Wilgus, President of Inter-American Bibliographical and Library Association Nettie Lee Benson, Head of Latin American Collection, University of Texas at Austin . Jose Cirdenas, Superintendent of the Edgewood fri dependent School District, San Antonio, Texas Antonio E. Garcia, Southwest Educational Development Laboratory, _Austin, Texas ) P TABLE OF CONTENTS ,\ Glossary i To the Teacher ui Introduction 1 Early Life 2- Nominated Bishop of Mexico 4 Inauguration of Ecclesiastical Government Zumarrage Consecrated Bishop 13 ,,----- ewBfts Op of Mexico 14 Zumarraga and the Inquisition 25 Controversy Over the New Laws 28 ,----. \. , , Promoter of Culture 31 Promoter of Social Welfare 38 Final Years Conclusion / 41 Bibliography 43 udio-Visual Aids 45 f/' Ini18 GLOSSARY lcalde Town mayor; alsoa governor over a district. Per- formed both administrative andjudicial functions, Audiencia Highest court in theKingdom of New Spain (Mexico); also tookou certain administrative functions. Cabilclo Municipal council;also an ecclesiastical council which aided a bishop in theadministration of his diocese. CaciqueIndian chief; alsoa local politicql boss. Colegio A primary or' secondaryschool. Conquistador A leader in the Spanishconquest, exploration and colonization of the New World. .4114 CorregidorRoyal official appointedto govern a province, which usually was highly populatedwith Indians. Encomenclero The holder ofan encomienda. '- Encomienda Grant of authorityoverIndians;carried obligation to Christianize and.protectthem as well as the right, to collect tribute and demandIndian. services,. Mestizo The offspring of sexualrelationsbetlVeena,, Spaniard and an Indian; alsoa mixture of ,Hispanic and- Indian cultures. .0idorJudgq in the.audiencia. Royal and Supreme Council of theIndies The high9t ,7`adft ministrative'and judicial body, whichaided the crown in:., the government of Spain'soverseas possessions. iteh 1( )1 );.) TO THE TEACHER Early colonial Mexico offersmany examples of men genuinely concerned with the good treatment of the Indians. 'Not least among this,group is Bishop Juan de Zumarraga. Although a moderate in his, approach in the defense ofIndian rights when compared td Bishop Bartolome de lasCasas, he frequefitly proved to be justas. effec tive as. Las Casas, the, Pidtector of the Indian. Equallytigncant and lessknown is his role of introducing and promoting Etiropean culture in early colonial Mexico. To him belongs the, cr.edit,of introducing the first printingess, collecting a library, founding schools and establishin hospitals, justto mention a feW. 'At the same time he was ver conscious of the need topreserve the Indian heritage. The life of the first bishop of Mexicocan be profitably used in treating the establishment of colonial institutionsin the Npw World. The work of Zumarrata focuSes onthe beginning of these' institutions in 'early Colonial Mexico. Spain and Portugal were a centary ahead of other European colonial powers' in bringing Western Christian civilizationto the New Wot'ld Throughout the 1600'smuch of the present day United States Atlantic seabordwas a wilderness when compared to the developing cultural life inantral Mexico. It is the intent of the booklet to provide the essentialhistorical information for this head start through thd study of the life of Zumarraga. At all times the teacher need to-remember that the booklet is a teaching tool and nota tex book. It is intended as a time saving device wherein can quicy be found the essentials of, this all important figure in the history ofour hemisphere. the tii } ( 11, 0 4 effectiveness of this tool, like all teaching tools, is dependent on theteacher'screative useofitinthe classroom. Instructional content, grade level: and intellectualability of the pupils are all determining factors in selectingall or some of the materials to be utilized by the instructor.Although the author's primary intent i% a teaching tool forelementary teachers, this does not exclude its' profitable use onthe secondary level. The brief bibliography at the end of the booklet canprovide the instructor with additional information where greaterdetail is desired. Unfortunately Zumarraga hasreceived limited biographical attention. Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta, alate nineteenth century Mexican scholar has providedthe most extensive biographical study plus publishing theprelate's writings. The work, is in Spanish and notrdily available., flames AMagner in,hiSMen of Mexico devoted onechapterito OUT su6ject. More limited in scopebut still offering significant intimation on the first bishop is E. Greenleaf's Zurncirraga' and the MexicanInquisition1536-1543.A twentieth century Mexican scholar, Alberto MariaCarrel-1o, has continued the pioneering efforts of Garcia Icazbalcetaby publishing writings off Zumarraga. A new andup-to-date biography is very indch in order. Of great value in tudying.the historicalsignificance of the first bishop ark a series of articles in The Americasin 1949, commemorating the death of the bishop in 1548.The list of contributors includes Carlos E. CastariedaAlberto Maria Carreilo, Lewis Hanke and James Magner. Thearticles provide valuable information on the bishop's work amongthe Indians, with special attention on hissocial,cultural, educational contributions and his role as the defenderof the Indians. In addition Carrell° and Castatieda authored two articles in the Hispanic American Historical treating the introduction of European, culture andthe prbating press into Mexico. Theree a number of general works that can he utilized pro ly. They are value able in placing Zumarraga in the over all religious developfnent of Mexico in the sixteenth ury. Among these accounts are Robert Ricard's The Spiritical Conquest ofexico,Charles S. Braden's Religious Aspects