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Four Anuyogs to Understand Jain

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Four Anuyogs to Understand Jain 9/24/2018 Four Anuyogs to Understand Jain Religion Four Anuyogs to Understand Jain Religion Introduction: Lord Mahavir preached Jainism directly to the common people using common people’s language. After his Nirvan, his preaching of Jain philosophy, ethics, conduct, and spirituality are compiled in the Sutra form in the scriptures known as 11/12 Ang Agams. Pravin K. Shah The Agam sutras also reflected the culture, morality, and knowledge JAINA Education Committee base that existed among the common people of that time. 509 Carriage Woods Circle These religion sutras can be grouped into the four classes known as Raleigh NC 27607-3969 Anuyogs (Category of Explanation) Web - www.jainelibrary.org Email - [email protected] The knowledge, purpose, and limitation of each Anuyog is most essential for a clear understanding of Jain literature and its principles. Tele - 919-859-4994 Otherwise many meaningless misgivings will crop up in your mind about the Jain principles and its conduct. Four Anuyogs to Understand Jain Religion Four Anuyogs to Understand Jain Religion Four Anuyogs are: Four Anuyogs are (continue…..): 1. Prathamanuyoga or Kathanuyog 4. Dravyanuyoga (Dravya means "substance" or "existent") Literature relating to stories, information, fables, art, history, It includes sculpture, fiction, and mythology • Six universal substances (Jiva, Pudgal, Dharmastikay (Motion), 2. Karananuyoga or Ganitanuyog Adhamastikay (Rest), Space (Akas), Time (Kal) Literature relating to mathematics, structure and function of universe • Nine or seven tattvas. (loka), geography, rivers, mountains, Karma classification, and • Gunasthanak. Pure Soul and Impure Soul • 3. Charananuyoga or Charan-karananuyog Effect of Karma on Soul • Literature relating to principles of conduct and observances, the What are reasons behind Soul’s Impurity method of living; and the way of life in this world. This knowledge is most essential for a clear understanding of the • External Conduct – Relates to Karananuyog Jain religion and its principles. The specific attention is given to the • soul and its impurities and the relationship of impure soul with Internal Conduct – Relates to Dravyanuyog karma and determination (Free-will). 1 9/24/2018 Prathamanuyoga or Kathanuyog Prathamanuyoga or Kathanuyog Stories explain Certain Jain Principles Prathamanuyoga or Kathanuyog A person took a vow “not to eat or drink at night”. However, under certain circumstances he could not keep the vow and drank a glass of water at night. It contains biographies of the Tirthankars and other well known After death, he went to hell because he broke the vow. personalities (Shalaka Purush), Moral stories which are developed to explain certain Jain principles. In another story, a non-vegetarian person took a vow not to eat meat of a bird. He continued to eat all other types of meat daily and never broke his vow. Through stories, Jain literature forms the basis of religious teaching After his death, he went to heaven because he did not break his vow of not to the layperson. eating the birds’ meat. • Good deeds are being rewarded and bad deeds are being From overall Jain philosophy point of view, one can conclude that these are wrong punished in the future by the same person. stories. • It used both historical and imaginary characters in the stories but First person lived a self-controlled life but break the vow once and he went to hell, the entire story is not historical. while the second person ate meat (except bird’s meat) all his life and yet went to heaven. • It consists mainly mythology and some history because the primary purpose of any story is to convey the message of moral However, Jain Literature wanted to explain the importance and significance of Vow and not the overall life conduct of the individuals in these stories. Then the stories living not to preserve the history (Eastern religions never are very appropriate. It conveys the message that if one breaks the vow, one preserved the history). commits the sin and if one does not break it one acquires some virtues. Prathamanuyoga or Kathanuyog Karananuyoga or Ganitanuyog Literature Karananuyoga or Ganitanuyog Svetambar Agams Literature which contains the information about Jnatadharmakatha, Anuttaropapatikadasa, Vipaka, • Mathematics, geography, astronomy, astrology etc. Nirvayavalika, Antakrddasa and • Nature of the universe and its dimensions. Location of Trisastishalakapurush of Hemacandra (12th century) Heaven, Hell, Moksha, Mount Meru • Living places and their life span of heavenly gods, human, Digambar Literature animals, people in the hell Padma puran, Harivansha puran, Trishashtilakshana, Maha and • Concept of Time Cycle Adipurana of Jinasena (8th century) and Uttara purana of • Classification of Karma Gunabhadra (9th century) • Explanation of Gunasthanak with reference to Karma 2 9/24/2018 Karananuyoga or Ganitanuyog Karananuyoga or Ganitanuyog Message of Karananuyoga Message of Karananuyoga In other words Mahavir used the knowledge base of universe that The Jain literature indicates that the human personality is such that, existed at that time which people can relate to it easily. “It possesses limitless desire. His attitude in the life is such that he wants to possess and rule every thing and every one. He has a very He explained that, look at the size and structure of the ego centered personality.” universe and the power of existence. Your action in the To help to overcome such personality, Jain literature used the areas of controlling and changing other objects has no knowledge base of the universe known to the common people. By impact to this vast universe. using this knowledge the Jain philosophy explained that: “This vast universe functions according to its own rule. However in By doing so only you will become miserable by your such a vast universe, our existence is like a drop of water in the ocean. own action. So one should thrive to limit one’s desire The time of our life span is just like a fraction of second compare to and get rid of one’s own ego (karta bhav). infinite time cycle of the existence of the universe. So “limit your desire and remove your ego”. Karananuyoga or Ganitanuyog Charananuyoga or Charan-karananuyog • Ethical theories and observances. Literature • Development and perfection of conduct • Principles of conduct and observance, the method of Surya prajnapti, living; and the way of life in this world Chandra prajnapti, and Jayadhavala • Rules of Conduct defined for Ascetics and Lay Tniokaprajnapti (7th century), people Trilokasara (11th century), • Heavily oriented towards Jambudveep prajnapti (13th century) • Tapas (austerities), • Ritualized confession (Samayik, Pratikramana) and • Temple/Sthanak rituals (Tirthankar’s Stuti, Puja, Pujan and Guru Bhakti) 3 9/24/2018 Charananuyoga or Charan-karananuyog Dravyanuyog (Metaphysics) • Dravya means "substance" or "existent." Literature souls (jiva), material atoms (pudgala), the principle of motion Acharanga; Nishitha; Yogasataka, Yogabindu, (dharma dravya), the principle of rest (adharma-dravya), space Yogadrstisamuccaya, and Dharrnabindu of Haribhadra (8th (akasa), and time (kala) century), Yogasastra of Hemacandra (12 th century). • Nine Tattvas which cover the entire field of metaphysical theories Dharma Samgraha; Shraddha-vidhi; Achar-Pradip; of Jainism. Soul (Jiva), Ajiv, Äsrava, Bandha, Punya*, Päp*, Samvar, Nirjarä, Vattakera's Mulachara, and Trivarnachara; and Moksha Samantabhadra's Ratnakaranda Shravakachara (5th Century), • Sravakacara of Amitagati (11 th century) and the Purusartha- It includes every essential aspect of Jain philosophy, epistemology siddhyupaya of Amrtacandra (12 th century). (which studies the nature of knowledge, justification, and the rationality of belief), psychology. • The specific attention is given to the soul (its pure and impure state) and present time or current moment (not past or future). Dravyanuyog Summary 1. Prathamanuyoga or Kathanuyog Most of the stories are mythology and not historical. Some stories use Literature historical character and mixed with mythology. Hence one should not Sthanang Sutra; Lok Prakash: Prajnapana Sutra; Tatvartha; use any story to dervive the Jain principle. Mahashastra; Visheshavashyak Bhashya etc 2. Karananuyoga or Ganitanuyog Jain geography indicates Earth is flat, not moving, Sun is closer to Philosophical works of Acharya Kunda kunda (Samaysar, Earth than the Moon, Mahavideh area is connected with land to Bharat Panchastikay, Pravachansar etc..), area and many more. Umasvami's 'Tattvarthadhigama sutra, and Mahavir was a spiritual teacher and not a teacher of geography. He Samantabhadra's Aptamimansa. used the current knowledge of the Universe existed at that time and Commentries on literature explained the Jain priciple that in this vast universe your existance is not even a dot on the map. Your life is not a fraction of a second and hence you do not be power hungry or Egoistic. 4 9/24/2018 Summary 3. Charananuyoga or Charan-karananuyog The reword and punishment described in the Charananuyog sutras are to motivate us to live a life with a limited need and desire. In reality, any religion practice done in order to gain some thing (with greed) and to avoid suffering (fear) is wrong. 4. Dravyanuyoga Dravya means "substance" or "existent”. Its sutras consist the real Jain philosophy, conduct, and path of liberation. It indicates our Mithyatva and Kashay (impurities of the soul) are the real cause of our suffering. Elimination these impurities, soul will attain liberation. 5.
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