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NEW WORLD SALVIAS CULTIVATED IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Starr, Gregory D. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 03/10/2021 22:51:29 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275411 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. 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Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 40106 1326716 Starr, Gregory Dirk NEW WORLD SALVIAS CULTIVATED IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES The University of Arizona M.S. 1985 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print 3. Photographs with dark background 4. Illustrations are poor copy 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages / 8. Print exceeds margin requirements 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print 11. Page(s) lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received 16. Other University Microfilms International NEW WORLD SALVIAS CULTIVATED IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES by Gregory D. Starr A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE WITH A MAJOR IN HORTICULTURE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 8 5 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial ful­ fillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowl­ edgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: C. T. Mason Professor of Plant Science ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following thesis came about after one trip to coastal southern California and observing the variety of Salvias being cultivated there. There were many unlabeled specimens at various arboreta and botanical gardens which were in need of some identification. I was able to collect pressed specimens and search records in order to put names to specimens. I am indebted to the staff at the Huntington Botanical Gardens and in particular to the curator Mr. Louis Randall. I would also like to thank Mr. John Provine, Superindendent, and the rest of the staff at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum for their cooperation, and Mr. John Dourly and the staff at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens for all their help. A major source for pressed specimens and respective names was from the garden of Betsy Clebsch near Palo Alto, California. I would like to thank her for spending so much time and energy in helping me gather material for my thesis. My thanks are also extended to Dr. Richard Dufresne in North Carolina for supplying me with much information about new species as well as old. Mr. Benny Simpson at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station deserves special thanks for providing information about species he is cultivating. iii iv I thank the staffs of the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum and the Boyce Thompson Arboretum for providing information about species which they are cultivating. Special acknowledgments go out to Florence Nishida for housing my wife and me during my work in Los Angeles, and to Jan Bowers for her invaluable suggestions and dili­ gent proofreading of early drafts. I would also like to thank Rebecca Van Devender for her help and suggestions regarding my thesis in general and the key in particular. Many thanks to Dr. Charles Sacamano and Professor Warren Jones, two of my committee members, who made invaluable suggestions which greatly improved my thesis. My most heartfelt thanks go out to Pat Mason for the superb drawings. She carefully and patiently studied each species and replicated each to the smallest detail. Special thanks to Dr. Charles T. Mason Jr. for his expertise and guidance throughout this whole project. He carefully reviewed all drafts of my thesis and made invaluable sugges­ tions which aided in the completion of the paper. Finally, My deepest appreciation to my wife for her support in all phases of my graduate work. She provided encouragement and typing skills, and went beyond any reasonable call of duty in taking care of me during the final stages of completion. This project would probably have remained unfinished if not for her support and extra drive near the end. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vi ABSTRACT vii 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1 Taxonomy Of The Genus 10 Distribution 11 Horticulture 12 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS l/l Literature Search 11 Field Studies 16 Correspondence 16 3. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT 17 Discussion 17 Species Key 18 4. SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS 29 5. CONCLUSIONS 109 6. LITERATURE CITED 115 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Verticillasters arranged in a terminal raceme and evenly spaced along the infloresence axis in Salvia greggii 2 2. Verticillasters arranged in an axillary raceme in Salvia regla 3 3. Verticillasters crowded along the inflorescence axis in Salvia lavanduloldes H U. Solitary and terminal glomerules as in Salvia mohavensls 6 5. Glomerules arranged in a terminal and spikelike inflorescence as in Salvia munzii 7 6. Glomerules arranged in a panicle as in Salvia aplana 8 7. Corolla variation in Salvia 9 8. List of species and region of adaptability . 113 9. List of species and corresponding landscape categories lit vi ABSTRACT A compilation of information on New World Salvias which have been cultivated in the southwestern United States is presented. The southwestern United States is defined to include three geographic regions, coastal California as far north as San Fransisco, mid and low elevation desert in southern Arizona, and Chihuahuan Desert Region in New Mexico and western Texas. Description, taxonomy, and horticulture of the genus are discussed in detail. A key to species is provided for identification of plants that have been cultivated in the southwestern United States. Detailed descriptions of eighty- eight taxa, and locale of native occurence are included. A summary of species and corresponding area of adaptability is provided. vii CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW Salvia with nearly 800 species, is the largest genus in the Labiatae. a family characterized by square stems; opposite leaves; a zygomorphic, sympetalous corolla; two or four stamens; and a superior, four-lobed ovary (Peterson 1979)• Species of Salvia vary in habit from annual, biennial, or perennial herbs to Bubshrubs and small to large shrubs. Leaves are simple or pinnate with toothed or pinnatleect margins. (Bailey 1902, Bailey 1928, Synge 1969, Taylor 1961) In subgenus Calosphace.

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