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Redalyc.Singulares Hallazgos Evolutivos Y Taxonómicos En Multequina ISSN: 0327-9375 [email protected] Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Argentina Cei, José Miguel; Videla, F. Singulares hallazgos evolutivos y taxonómicos en géneros de iguánidos relevantes de la herpetofauna andina y de zonas limítrofes Multequina, núm. 11, 2002, pp. 65-73 Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Mendoza, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42801105 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 0327-9375 SINGULARES HALLAZGOS EVOLUTIVOS Y TAXONÓMICOS EN GÉNEROS DE IGUÁNIDOS RELEVANTES DE LA HERPETOFAUNA ANDINA Y DE ZONAS LIMÍTROFES SINGULAR EVOLUTIONARY AND TAXONOMIC FINDINGS IN REMARKABLE IGUANIAN GENERA FROM ANDEAN AND NEIGHBORING ZONES HERPETOFAUNA JOSÉ MIGUEL CEI1 Y F. VIDELA2 1 Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNC. Alte. Brown 500, 5507, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza 2 Unidad Ecología Animal, IADIZA. CC. 507, 5500, Mendoza. E-mail: [email protected] RESÚMEN Palabras clave: Phymaturus, Este artículo presenta y discute el compli- Liolaemus, cariotipo, grupos es- cado caso de las relaciones taxonómicas pecíficos, especiación entre Phymaturus sp. de Uspallata, Mendoza (2n= 30 cromosomas), consi- SUMMARY derado P. flagellifer hasta ahora, y P. palluma = P. flagellifer de Valle del This article reports and discuss the in- Maule, centro-sur de Chile (2n= 36 triguing case of taxonomic relationships cromosomas), teniendo en mente sus re- between Phymaturus sp. from Uspallata, laciones con Centrura flagellifer Bell 1843 Mendoza (2n= 30 cromosomes), still con- de la región cordillerana entre Uspallata y sidered P. flagellifer, and P. palluma = P. Santiago. Presenta comentarios acerca del flagellifer from Maule Valley, southern of estado evolutivo y los cariotipos de los Chile (2n= 36 cromosomes), having in dos grupos de Phymaturus (“flagellifer” mind their relationships with Centrura al norte, “patagonicus” al sur). Analiza flagellifer Bell 1843 from the Cordilleran asimismo las relaciones filéticas entre region from Uspallata to Santiago. The Liolaemus carentes de poros cloacales, evolutionary position and karyotypes of correspondientes al grupo “neuquensis” both Phymaturus groups (the Northern de Malargüe, Mendoza y zonas limítrofes “flagellifer”, the Southern de Argentina y Chile, y las formas afines “patagonicus”), are commented. The del grupo “elongatus”, destacando el sus- phyletic relationships are analysed tancial aporte que podría brindar una ade- among Liolaemus lacking cloacal pores, cuada información cariológica. corresponding to the “neuquensis” group from Malargüe, Mendoza and neighbor- ing areas of Argentina and Chile, and the MULTEQUINA 11: 65-73, 2002 65 related forms of the “elongatus” group. y adaptativas, lo que ha permitido suges- An adecuate caryological information tivas observaciones acerca de la presen- could bring a sustantial contribution. cia-ausencia de caracteres grupales, como por ejemplo los poros cloacales. La fun- ción fisiológica del mencionado carácter, Key words: Phymaturus, no bien conocida todavía, sería de tipo Liolaemus, kariotype, specific feromónico. Las relaciones filéticas de group, speciation las formas con carencia de órganos feromónicos con otros grupos afines han INTRODUCCIÓN sido evidenciadas y discutidas con dife- rentes enfoques metodológicos, que deri- Este trabajo tiene por objetivo discutir la varon en resultados convergentes. información disponible para una integra- ción entre estudios morfológicos y mi- croscópicos o submicroscópicos de las MATERIAL Y MÉTODO estructuras funcionales, propias de la in- Se efectúa un análisis comparativo de la dividualidad genética de cada organismo. información cuali-cuantitativa contenida Esta integración puede alcanzar resulta- en la bibliografía consignada, de acuerdo dos que, a primera vista, pasan desaperci- con el análisis de las series de individuos bidos en una simple clasificación. de las especies citadas, y de información Se han elegido elementos representa- complementaria proveniente de observa- tivos de la herpetofauna de Mendoza, la ciones sistematizadas efectuadas a cam- que presenta especiales adaptaciones a po y en las colecciones del Instituto de zonas áridas y semiáridas, abarcando allí Biología Animal (Universidad Nacional un notable porcentaje de la biodiversidad. de Cuyo, Mendoza), Instituto Argentino La rica familia Liolaemidae (Lacertidae, de Investigaciones de Zonas Aridas Iguania) se halla presente, con numerosas (Mendoza), Museo de la Plata (Universi- especies, en muchos ambientes dad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires) mendocinos Altoandinos y del Monte y Museo Municipal de Historia Natural (Cei, 1986). Dentro de esta familia se de San Rafael (Mendoza). encuentra el género Phymaturus, ecológica y morfológicamente muy sig- nificativo, dado que se trata de un lagarto RESULTADOS saxícola, herbívoro y vivíparo. Su estudio Inconfundibles por su aspecto rechoncho sistemático ha ofrecido interesantes mo- y escamas erizadas, sus hábitos herbívo- delos de evolución regional, a nivel ros y su preferencia por hábitats rocosos fenético y a nivel cromosómico, con com- de basaltos hendidos, los mansos lagartos plejos problemas nomenclaturales de an- del género Phymaturus han sido objeto de tiguo origen y todavía no resueltos. un creciente interés y estudio. Una única Otro género de interés dentro de la especie es citada en el “Catálogo” de mencionada familia, Liolaemus, presenta Peters & Donoso Barros (1970), mientras abundantes especies, muy diversificadas que actualmente hay once especies (cinco 66 José Miguel Cei y F. Videla andino-pampeanas y seis patagónicas) culó mundialmente por más de dos siglos. algunas de las cuales aún son escasamen- Hace unas décadas, luego de atenta revi- te conocidas en cuanto a su distribución, sión histórica, se intentó rectificar el lap- y podrían quedar aún nuevas especies por sus taxonómico-nomenclatural, devol- identificar. viendo a palluma su fisonomía de teiido, como Callopistes. Por otro lado, se recu- El género Phymaturus fue estableci- rrió al sinónimo Centrura flagellifer Bell do con caracteres somáticos válidos por 1843, procedente de Chile y recolectado Gravenhorst (1837), en base a por Darwin, a los efectos de presentar la especímenes andinos de Chile. Desde un nueva y más racional combinación comienzo se presentaron graves inconve- Phymaturus flagellifer (Bell, 1843), la nientes taxonómicos, debido a diversas que todavía figura en numerosas publica- inexactitudes de autores precedentes con ciones herpetológicas recientes (Cei & respecto a una antigua especie, denomi- Lescure, 1985; Lescure & Cei, 1991). nada Lacerta palluma en 1782 por el Estos cambios provocaron, sin embargo, jesuita chileno Ignacio Molina. Se trata largas y tediosas polémicas aún en curso del gran saurio conocido hoy como (Frost & Etheridge, 1989; Etheridge & Callopistes, exclusivo de Chile, que era Espinoza 2000; Veloso, Nuñez & Cei, llamado “palúm” por los aborígenes. 2000; Cei y Videla, en prensa a). Daudin (1802) atribuyó equívocamente una “cola espinosa” a Lacerta palluma, a Varias especies andinas, así como de pesar de que este tipo de cola no figura en relieves pampeanos relacionados con la la objetiva descripción de Molina referi- Cordillera, se han ido descubriendo pau- da a este gran lagarto, del cual lamenta- latinamente: en 1980 Phymaturus blemente no pudo dejar un Tipo. Al no mallimaccii Cei en la Sierra de Famatina, disponer del tipo de L. palluma, se suce- La Rioja; en 1983 P. punae Cei, Etheridge dieron equivocadas disquisiciones de di- & Videla en la Altiplanicie de San versos estudiosos, que influyeron desdi- Guillermo, San Juan; en 1985 P. chadamente en Gravenhorst. Engañado antofagastensis Pereyra, en Antofagasta por la evidente cola espinosa de los pocos de la Sierra, Catamarca y Phymaturus sp. especímenes recolectados por colonos Cei & Videla (en prensa a) en los alrede- alemanes en la Cordillera, Gravenhorst dores del Volcán Peteroa, Mendoza. elevó la forma consignada como Contemporáneamente, otros aislados taxa “palluma” por Molina a la posición de del género se describieron en varios ma- “especie typica”, sin duda convencido de cizos, prevalentemente volcánicos, de la presentar así al robusto teiido de más de amplia región patagónica. Tales formas 60 cm de largo, y no a un lagarto iguanídeo sureñas se considerarían diferenciadas, de mediana talla, que escasamente supera evolutivamente, de las especies norteñas 10 cm entre hocico y cloaca. andinas. Según los criterios sustentados por Etheridge (1995), entre los caracteres A pesar de su origen tan defectuoso, la más evidentes figurarían en ellas verticilos escasa bibliografía que menciona a caudales más reducidos. En este grupo Phymaturus palluma (Molina, 1782) cir- “patagonicus” se ubican el antiguo P. MULTEQUINA 11: 65-73, 2002 67 patagonicus Koslowsky 1896 (tratado en Navarro Suarez desarrollaron, en 1984, el el pasado como sinónimo de P. palluma), primer trabajo citogenético sobre este de gran difusión en Chubut; el P. taxón, considerado clásico y estable des- somuncurensis Cei y Castro 1973 de la de más de un siglo. Dichos autores esta- meseta basáltica de Somuncurá, Río Ne- blecieron el número cromosómico, gro; el P. zapalensis Cei y Castro 1973 de cariograma y determinación
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