DOCSLIB.ORG

Hidden Female Physiological Resistance to Male Accessory Gland Substances in a Simultaneous Hermaphrodite Monica Lodi1,2,* and Joris M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hidden Female Physiological Resistance to Male Accessory Gland Substances in a Simultaneous Hermaphrodite Monica Lodi1,2,* and Joris M © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 1026-1031 doi:10.1242/jeb.149963 RESEARCH ARTICLE Hidden female physiological resistance to male accessory gland substances in a simultaneous hermaphrodite Monica Lodi1,2,* and Joris M. Koene1,2 ABSTRACT sperm for fertilization (the latter being referred to as cryptic female To increase fertilization chances compared with rivals, males are choice) are two evolutionary drivers that are difficult to separate as favoured to transfer accessory gland proteins to females during they both predict differential use of ejaculates in fertilization mating. These substances, by influencing female physiology, cause and favour post-copulatory adaptations that ultimately increase alteration of her sperm usage and remating rate. Simultaneously reproductive success (Eberhard, 1996; Birkhead and Pizzari, 2002; hermaphroditic land snails with love-darts are a case in point. During Snook, 2005; Orr and Brennan, 2015). Examples of these courtship, a love-dart is pierced through the partner’s body wall, adaptations, in males, include increased sperm mobility to reach thereby introducing accessory mucous gland products. This mucus the sperm-storage organ faster (e.g. domestic fowl; Birkhead et al., physiologically increases paternity by inhibiting the digestion of 1999), larger testes size to transfer more sperm under strong donated sperm. The sperm, which are packaged in a spermatophore, competition (e.g. frog Crinia georgiana; Dziminski et al., 2010) are exchanged and received in an organ called the diverticulum. and transfer of accessory gland substances that influence female Because of its length, this organ was previously proposed to be a physiology (reviewed by Gillott, 2003). Common effects include female anatomical adaptation that may limit the dart interference with reduced female remating rate to enhance storage of donated sperm the recipient’s sperm usage. For reproductive success of the donor, (e.g. fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster; Chapman and Davies, an anatomically long spermatophore, relative to the partner’s 2004) and altered sperm usage by inducing oviposition following diverticulum, is beneficial as sperm can avoid digestion by exiting mating (e.g. cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera; Jin and Gong, through the spermatophore’s tail safely. However, the snail Eobania 2001). In response, females may physiologically resist such male vermiculata possesses a diverticulum that is three times longer than manipulations by modifying the targeted receptors or by increasing the spermatophore it receives. Here, we report that the love-dart the threshold at which male products are effective (Holland and mucus of this species contains a contraction-inducing substance that Rice, 1998; Rowe et al., 2003). This could occur in response to shortens the diverticulum, an effect that is only properly revealed sexual conflict that leads to an arms-race between male adaptations when the mucus is applied to another helicid species, Cornu and female counter-adaptations (Arnqvist and Rowe, 2002), by aspersum. This finding suggests that E. vermiculata may have which females reduce the direct costs imposed by the manipulation evolved a physiological resistance to the manipulative substance and can select for males that are able to overcome such resistance received via the love-dart by becoming insensitive to it. This provides (Cordero and Eberhard, 2003; Eberhard, 1996, 2009). However, in useful insight into the evolution of female resistance to male this context it is useful to note that female choice, in general, can manipulations, indicating that it can remain hidden if tested on a vary plastically over a reproductive season or life time (e.g. Lynch single species. et al., 2005), thus adding a layer of complexity to the interpretation. Just like in many separate-sexed organisms, sperm of different KEY WORDS: Allohormone, Antagonistic coevolution, Diverticulum, donors can also co-occur in the female reproductive system of Love-dart, Sexual conflict, Sexual selection simultaneous hermaphrodites (i.e. organisms with functioning male and female reproductive organs at the same time) as these organisms INTRODUCTION also mate promiscuously (Baur, 1998; Michiels, 1998; Koene, 2017). Males are generally in competition for reproductive access to The male function of simultaneous hermaphrodites also transfers females prior to copulation (Andersson, 1994). However, when accessory gland substances that physiologically affect sperm usage by females mate promiscuously, ejaculates of rival males can compete the mating partner (Zizzari et al., 2014). An interesting case is for egg fertilization inside the female reproductive system, referred presented by the love-dart of land snails. This accessory reproductive to as sperm competition (Parker, 1970). This form of sexual device is a calcareous stylet with a species-specific shape (reviewed selection and the potential selection on females to selectively use by Lodi and Koene, 2016b). The love-dart pierces the partner’sbody wall during courtship, in a behaviour called dart shooting (Tompa, 1984), while holding accessory mucous gland products on its surface. 1Section of Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, In the model species the brown garden snail Cornu aspersum,the The Netherlands. 2Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, Leiden 2332 AA, mucus that enters the partner’s haemolymph has been shown to cause The Netherlands. two temporary changes in the female reproductive system (Koene and *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Chase, 1998; for a visualization of the effects, see supplementary movie 1 in Lodi and Koene, 2016a). The first change can be measured M.L., 0000-0002-6757-0433 as waves of muscular contractions that close the entrance to the sperm- This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution digesting organ, the bursa copulatrix, and have been shown to delay License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. sperm digestion. As a result, more sperm are stored and the successful dart user can double its paternity (Chase and Blanchard, 2006). The Received 26 September 2016; Accepted 20 December 2016 second change involves the diverticulum, the spermatophore- Journal of Experimental Biology 1026 RESEARCH ARTICLE Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 1026-1031 doi:10.1242/jeb.149963 receiving organ (i.e. the organ that receives the package containing conserved the effects of the dart mucus are, so we did not test sperm). Under the influence of dart mucus, contractions of this blind- whether such female physiological responses also occurred in ended duct are initiated, possibly making spermatophore uptake easier E. vermiculata. Thus, to investigate this prediction, we here studied (Koene and Chase, 1998). the extent of the shortening effect on the diverticulum of In this scenario, the female function of dart-bearing snails may C. aspersum by performing a dose–time response test. resist the manipulation of the dart. So far, only morphological Subsequently, we assessed whether this effect is specifically co-evolutionary patterns have been shown by an inter-species caused by mucus carried on the love-dart and, importantly, comparison (Koene and Schulenburg, 2005). That study found that whether the shortening response also occurs in E. vermiculata. in species where the shape of the dart increased the surface available to transfer mucus (e.g. by blades and perpendicular blades), the MATERIALS AND METHODS diverticulum appeared and became longer. Thus, the diverticulum Adult snails of the species Cornu aspersum (O. F. Müller 1774) has been proposed to be a female anatomical adaptation to counter and Eobania vermiculata (O. F. Müller 1774) were obtained from a dart manipulation. This is also based on the finding that sperm need snail farm (Euro Helix, Cherasco, Italy). The rearing conditions to leave safely through the spermatophore’s tail when it protrudes were 20°C, a reversed photoperiod (16 h light:8 h dark) and 60% from the diverticulum entrance into the vaginal duct in order to humidity. Twice a week, the snails were cleaned, fed lettuce ad reach the site of storage (Lind, 1973), so the length of the libitum and snail feed as a source of calcium (‘Chase’ mix; see Lodi diverticulum may limit the ability of the dart to interfere with the and Koene, 2016a). Before experiments began, snails were kept process of sperm digestion. This idea is strengthened by the positive individually for at least 2 weeks on moist paper in plastic boxes correlation found between the length of the spermatophore’s tail and (11.5×11.5×5 cm) to ensure that mucus would be available in the diverticulum (Koene and Schulenburg, 2005). However, the glands for the tests. The set-up used was a portion of the resistance to the dart probably also extends to the physiological reproductive system of either species, hereafter called ‘preparation’ and biochemical level. A recent cross-reactivity test between species (for a visualization, see Lodi and Koene, 2016a), kept in a small showed that the dart mucus of Eobania vermiculata caused a dish with 2 ml saline solution at pH 7.8 (control saline; Goldstein temporary contraction of the diverticulum of Cornu
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gastropods Alien to South Africa Cause Severe Environmental Harm in Their Global Alien Ranges Across Habitats
    Received: 18 December 2017 | Revised: 4 May 2018 | Accepted: 27 June 2018 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4385 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Gastropods alien to South Africa cause severe environmental harm in their global alien ranges across habitats David Kesner1 | Sabrina Kumschick1,2 1Department of Botany & Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Abstract Matieland, South Africa Alien gastropods have caused extensive harm to biodiversity and socioeconomic sys- 2 Invasive Species Programme, South African tems like agriculture and horticulture worldwide. For conservation and management National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Claremont, purposes, information on impacts needs to be easily interpretable and comparable, South Africa and the factors that determine impacts understood. This study aimed to assess gas- Correspondence tropods alien to South Africa to compare impact severity between species and under- Sabrina Kumschick, Centre for Invasion stand how they vary between habitats and mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, relationship between environmental and socioeconomic impacts, and both impact South Africa. measures with life- history traits. We used the Environmental Impact Classification for Email: [email protected] Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Socio- Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) Funding information to assess impacts of 34 gastropods alien to South Africa including evidence of impact South African National Department of Environmental Affairs; National Research from their entire alien range. We tested for correlations between environmental and Foundation; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence socioeconomic impacts per species, and with fecundity and native latitude range for Invasion Biology; South African National Biodiversity Institute using Kendall’s tau tests.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Eobania Vermiculata (O. F. Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Helicidae) in Romania
    Folia Malacol. 29(1): 51–53 https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.029.003 SHORT COMMUNICATION FIRST RECORD OF EOBANIA VERMICULATA (O. F. MÜLLER, 1774) (GASTROPODA: EUPULMONATA: HELICIDAE) IN ROMANIA STELIAN GRIGORE Museum of Human Evolution and Technology in Paleolithic, Princely Court National Museum Targoviste, Romania (e-mail: [email protected]); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-3634 ABSTRACT: Eobania vermiculata (O. F. Müller) is recorded for the first time in Romania. Other Mediterranean and Balkan species have entered the south of Romania – Dobrogea, or will do so in the near future. We expect the rest of Romania to be invaded, because the Danube is not an insurmountable barrier for some of these species. KEY WORDS: Eobania vermiculata; alien species; land snail; anthropochory A northward expansion of some terrestrial gas- tions for the invasion of Balkan and Mediterranean tropod species has been observed for the last two species. The climate and calcareous substrate of the decades; the spread has been accelerated by the coastal area in south-eastern Dobrogea favour accli- intensification of trade, tourism development and matisation of the new arrivals. cross-border freight transport. Among the regions of As early as four decades ago, Alexandru V. Grossu Romania, Dobrogea has the most favourable condi- anticipated the occurrence of this phenomenon in the Fig. 1. Map of Romania with the locality in Costinești 52 Stelian Grigore Fig. 2. Mature individuals of Eobania vermiculata in Costinești Fig. 3. The largest shell of Eobania vermiculata from Costinești near future (GROSSU 1983). In the last two decades, of perennials (Cichorium intybus, Convolvulus arvensis, there has been an expansion of the Mediterranean Echium vulgare, Elymus repens, Crupina vulgaris, Phleum species both in the east and in the northwest of their pratense, Malva pusilla, Teucrium polium, Juncus mariti­ original range (MIENIS 2002, UESHIMA et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Pests and Beneficial Species in Avocado Orchards in Antalya Province
    HortiS 37(2):150-154 http://doi.org/10.16882/HortiS.833769 R E S E A R C H P A P E R Determination of Pests and Beneficial Species in Avocado Orchards in Antalya Province Tuba KAHRAMAN1* , Musa KIRIŞIK1 , Mehmet Uğur KAHRAMAN1 1 Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Instiute, 07100, Antalya / Turkey Article History Received 12 October 2020 Abstract Accepted 29 November 2020 First Online 30 November 2020 This study was conducted to determine the pests and beneficial species found in Avocado orchards in Antalya province, Turkey. Survey studies were carried Corresponding Author out between the years of 2018-2020 in Alanya, Aksu, Finike, Gazipaşa, E-mail: Kemer, Manavgat, Muratpaşa, Serik and Kumluca districts of Antalya that [email protected] have avocado production. In the surveys, visual examination, counting of the Keywords branch, knock down, and trapping methods were used. As a result of the study, 18 pest species belonging to 13 families and 6 orders and 15 beneficial Avocado Parasitoid species belonging to 4 orders and 5 families were determined. Pest Predator 1. Introduction adaptation of avocado cultivars in Turkey have been conducted in Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Avocado (Persea americana Mill.), is a Institute (BATEM) in Antalya for many years and it subtropical plant that spreads over large areas of has been determined that Bacon, Fuerte, Hass, the world and stands out with its increase in Zutano, and Ettinger cultivars are suitable for the production every year. Avocado, which is in high region (Bayram et al., 2006). These data clearly demand in international markets with its nutritious show the importance of Antalya province in avocado properties and distinctive taste, entered to Turkey in production.
    [Show full text]
  • Chocolate-Band Snail Massylaea Vermiculata Syn
    Fact sheet Chocolate-band snail Massylaea vermiculata Syn. Eobania vermiculata Syn. Helix vermiculata Massylaea vermiculata also known as Eobania vermiculata, common name the "chocolate-band snail" is a species of large, air-breathing, land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicidae, the true snails or typical snails. This species of large land snail is common in the Mediterranean area and it ranges from eastern Spain to the Crimea. Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment reports that it is occasionally detected at quarantine intervention points (Wharf inspection areas) on the Chocolate band snail (Massylaea vermiculata outside of containers around Australia. Picture: Andreas Gruber. Description The colour of the shell is very variable, whitish to greenish yellow, often with multiple color bands or spots; the lower side is frequently with two brown bands and whitish between lowest band and umbilicus. The shell has 4-4.5 whorls. The width of the shell is 22–32 mm and the height is 14–24 mm. The body of the snail is gray on the dorsal side and yellowish on the ventral side. Ecological Threat With Massylaea vermiculata having a long lifespan from 2 to 5 years an established population can continually grow. The long lifespan could make this species grow from a minor concern to a major concern for native gastropod species, garden plants and agricultural crops alike. Vineyards are very threatened with Massylaea vermiculata being observed on grape plants in their native range. Management This species is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Terrestrial Gastropods Species in Sohag Governorate, Egypt
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 3(1): 45-48 (2018) https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2018.030105 This content is available online at AESA Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science Journal homepage: www.aesacademy.org e-ISSN: 2456-6632 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Identification of terrestrial gastropods species in Sohag Governorate, Egypt Abd El-Aleem Saad Soliman Desoky Department of Plant protection (Agriculture Zoology), Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, EGYPT E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE HISTORY ABSTRACT Received: 15 January 2018 The study aims to identify of terrestrial gastropods species in Sohag Governorate during the Revised received: 10 February 2018 year 2016 and 2017. The present study was carried out for survey and identification for ran- Accepted: 21 February 2018 dom land snail in 11 districts, i.e. (Tema, Tahta, Gehyena, El-Maragha, Saqultah, Sohag, Akhmim, El-Monshah, Gerga, El-Balyana, and Dar El-Salam) at Sohag Governorate, Egypt. Samples were collected from 5 different locations in each district during 2016-2017 seasons. The monthly Keywords samples were taken from winter and summer crops (areas were cultivated with the field crops Egypt such as wheat, Egyptian clover, and vegetables crops. The results showed that found two spe- Eobania vermiculata cies of land snails, Monacha obstracta (Montagu) and Eobania vermiculata (Muller). It was
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the BLACK SEA/MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT
    Journal of the BLACK SEA/MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT International Journal a Trimesterly International Publication of Earth, Marine, Environment and Engineering Science Special Issue 2015 ISSN: 1304-9550 Proceedings of MedCLIVAR 2014 Conference Understanding Climate Evolution and Effects on Environment and Societies in the Old World Region METU, ANKARA, TURKEY 23-25 JUNE 2014 Web www.blackmeditjournal.org, www.tudav.org Category Link Pollution, Marine Biology, Physical and Chemical Oceanography, Marine Geology and Geophysics, Maritime Policy, Biological Conservation, Coastal Zone Management Editor Bayram Öztürk Associate Editor Ayaka Amaha Öztürk Technical Editors Riccardo Buccolieri , Arda M. Tonay and Tuğçe Gül Guest Editors Piero Lionello (Italy) Serge Planton (France) Emin Özsoy (Turkey) Andrea Toreti (Italy) Vincenzo Artale (Italy) Murat Türkeş (Turkey) Gabriel Jordà (Spain) Elena Xoplaki (Germany) Levent Kurnaz (Turkey) Giovanni Zanchetta (Italy) Founder Kasım Cemal Güven Printed by: Metin Copy Plus (Tel: 0212 527 61 81) Editorial Address: TUDAV (Turkish Marine Research Foundation), P.O. Box: 10 Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey. E mail: [email protected] Abstracted in: Chemical Abstracts, ASFA (Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries abstracts), Biosis (Biological Abstracts, Biosis Previews ) Journal of the BLACK SEA/MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT Special Issue 2015 Contents Extreme precipitation events over the Euro-Mediterranean region: projections dependence on daily/sub-daily time scale definition Enrico Scoccimarro, Gabriele Villarini, Silvio Gualdi, Alessio Bellucci, Matteo Zampieri, Marcello Vichi, Antonio Navarra............................................1 Dry events in the Mediterranean basin at 5.2 and 5.6 ka as recorded by stable isotopes in Corchia (Italy) and Soreq (Israel) caves speleothems Giovanni Zanchetta, Mira Bar-Matthews, Eleonora Regattieri, Russell N. Drysdale, Piero Lionello, Avner Ayalon, Ilaria Isola, John C.
    [Show full text]
  • A First Record of Eobania Vermiculata (Of Müller, 1774)
    DOI : 10.35124/bca.2019.19.S1.2079 Biochem. Cell. Arch. Vol. 19, Supplement 1, pp. 2079-2081, 2019 www.connectjournals.com/bca ISSN 0972-5075 A FIRST RECORD OF EOBANIA VERMICULATA (O. F. MÜLLER, 1774), TERRESTRIAL SNAIL (GASTROPODA-HELICIDAE) FROM BAGHDAD, IRAQ Nibrass Lafta Al-Doori Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences (IbnAl-Haitam), University of Bagdad, Baghdad, Iraq. e-mail : [email protected] (Received 24 March 2019, Revised 21 May 2019, Accepted 17 June 2019) ABSTRACT : The terrestrial snail Eobania vermiculata (O. F. Müller, 1774) were collected from three station in Baghdad Al- Karkh, Iraq between the period from June 2016 to July 2017. Then we studied the life cycle from the egg to maturity. We studied and photographed the external morphology of it’s shell to identified the species. This species was recorded for the first time in Baghdad. Key words : Eobania vermiculata, gastropoda, terrestrial snail, helicidae. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The mollusca are a large phylum of the kingdom The specimens of terrestrial snail E. vermiculata Animalia, they are forming a major part of the world fauna were studied in three stations in Baghdad Al-Karkh from (Desoky, 2018). The gastropoda perform an important June 2016 to July 2017 in it’s habitat (the three stations) class in molluscans, and from the terrestrial gastropoda to study their life cycle from the eggs to the maturity. a family Helicidae, which our species belong Eobania The height, width, aperture width and aperture height of vermiculata, which is an important land snail, causing a the shell were measured using a ruler, about 50 specimens harmful damage in aagriculture (Ali et al, 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • Cernuella Cisalpina and Eobania Vermiculata), Hitchhiking with the Imported Tiles in Packaging, Using Steam and Vacuum
    Phytosanitary treatment of the Mediterranean snails, (Cernuella cisalpina and Eobania vermiculata), hitchhiking with the imported tiles in packaging, using steam and vacuum Zhangjing Chen and Marshall S. White Virginia Tech, 1650 Ramble Road, Blacksburg, VA 24060 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Ron Mack USDA APHIS, PPQ, Pest Survey, Detection and Exclusion Laboratory, W. Truck Road, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 Email: [email protected] This study was funded by USDA, APHIS, PPQ. Pest Survey, Detection and Exclusion Laboratory,W. Truck Road, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 Thanks also go to Dick Bean, Maryland Dept. of Agriculture for helping in collecting the snails for this study. 1 Abstract Alien species are being moved around the world at the unprecedented rates as a result of the increase in the international trade. Snails may be also transported from one country to another country in and on internationally traded commodities. Snails consume vegetation, but more importantly carry and spread diseases. Snails indigenous to Italy have arrived to the US on unit loads of tiles. In this study, two species of Mediterranean snails, (Cernuella cisalpina with weight of 0.096 g and Eobania vermiculata with the weight of 2.06g) were field collected in Maryland, transported to and quarantined at Virginia Tech. Unit loads of tile were inoculated with these snails and then subsequently treated with the saturated steam at the initial levels of 100, 250 and 500 mmHg. The results revealed that vacuum and steam technology can be used to kill both snails, Eobania vermiculata and Cernuella cisalpine at the temperature of 56°C with the holding time of 30 minutes in less than 61 minutes with average treating time of 51.1 minutes at the initial vacuum levels of 100 mmHg and 250 mmHg.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Trends and Challenges in the Food Sector
    COMMODITY SCIENCE IN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FUTURE TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN THE FOOD SECTOR SECTOR COMMODITY SCIENCE IN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE TREND FUTURE TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN THE FOOD SECTOR ISBN 978-83-940189-0-0 (printed version) Edited by Małgorzata Miśniakiewicz & Stanisław Popek ISBN 978-83-940189-4-8 ( h t m l ) 7_COMMODITY SCIENCE.indd 1 04/09/2014 01:57:35 COMMODITY SCIENCE IN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FUTURE TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN THE FOOD SECTOR Edited by Małgorzata Mi śniakiewicz, Stanisław Popek Polish Society of Commodity Science International Society of Commodity Science and Technology Faculty of Commodity Science Cracow University of Economics 1 Editors: Małgorzata Mi śniakiewicz, Stanisław Popek All published papers have been reviewed before publishing Reviewers of Commodity Science in Research and Practice series: Jadwiga Adamczyk, Wacław Adamczyk, Andrzej Chochół, Agnieszka Cholewa-Wójcik, Joanna Dziadkowiec, Tadeusz Fijał, Dariusz Firszt, Andrzej Gajewski, Marta Gollinger-Tarajko, Łukasz Jabło ński, Piotr Kafel, Agnieszka Kawecka, Małgorzata Lisi ńska-Ku śnierz, Małgorzata Mi śniakiewicz, Paweł Nowicki, Stanisław Popek, Anna Prusak, Joanna Ptasi ńska-Marcinkiewicz, Renata Salerno-Kochan, Grzegorz Suwała, Jerzy Szakiel, Jarosław Świda, Paweł Turek The monograph has not been amended or proofread and editors are not responsible for the language used by chapter’s Authors (in chapters). Suggested citation: Author A., 2014, Title of the paper, in: M. Mi śniakiewicz, S. Popek (eds.) Commodity Science in Research and Practice
    [Show full text]
  • A Persistent Population of the Chocolate-Band Snail Eobania Vermicu- Lata (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in Belgium
    Belg. J. Zool., 146 (1): 66-68 January 2016 A persistent population of the chocolate-band snail Eobania vermicu- lata (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in Belgium Jelle Ronsmans 1,* & Tom Van den Neucker 2 1 Royal Belgian Society for Conchology, Rerum Novarumlaan 26, 2300 Turnhout, Belgium. 2 University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Ecosystem Management Research Group, Universiteitsplein 1C, B-2160 Wilrijk, Belgium. * Corresponding author: [email protected] KEY WORDS: Mollusca, Eobania vermiculata, 40 empty shells were found at the same locality. alien species, non-native species, Belgium Most living E. vermiculata were found amongst rubble, mainly wooden planks and plastic, and Eobania vermiculata (O.F. MÜLLER, 1774) in drainage pipes. Approximately one year after is a large land snail species, with a maximum the species was first recorded, on September 9th shell width of 33 mm. The species occurs in a 2015, a follow-up survey was carried out during variety of habitats, usually in dry vegetation, in a conchological excursion with a group of twelve hedgerows, gardens, vineyards and agricultural persons. A 15-minute search yielded a total of fields, often in coastal areas. Reproduction takes 144 live E. vermiculata including 15 juveniles, place in autumn. About 60 to 80 eggs are laid in and 22 empty shells. Finally, on September 10th, the soil. The snails reach maturity two years after an extra 409 adult individuals, 49 juveniles, hatching. Adult snails hibernate in a hole in the and 45 empty shells were found by two persons soil and develop an epiphragma. Juveniles usually during a 45 minute collecting effort. In 2015, hibernate under stones or leaves [1,2].
    [Show full text]
  • European Red List of Non-Marine Molluscs Annabelle Cuttelod, Mary Seddon and Eike Neubert
    European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs Annabelle Cuttelod, Mary Seddon and Eike Neubert European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs Annabelle Cuttelod, Mary Seddon and Eike Neubert IUCN Global Species Programme IUCN Regional Office for Europe IUCN Species Survival Commission Published by the European Commission. This publication has been prepared by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) and the Natural History of Bern, Switzerland. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, the Natural History Museum of Bern or the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, the Natural History Museum of Bern or the European Commission. Citation: Cuttelod, A., Seddon, M. and Neubert, E. 2011. European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Design & Layout by: Tasamim Design - www.tasamim.net Printed by: The Colchester Print Group, United Kingdom Picture credits on cover page: The rare “Hélice catalorzu” Tacheocampylaea acropachia acropachia is endemic to the southern half of Corsica and is considered as Endangered. Its populations are very scattered and poor in individuals. This picture was taken in the Forêt de Muracciole in Central Corsica, an occurrence which was known since the end of the 19th century, but was completely destroyed by a heavy man-made forest fire in 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Raising Snails
    NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. Update: Visit AFSIC's Snail Culture Web site. Raising Snails Special Reference Briefs Series no. SRB 96-05 Updates SRB 88-04 ISSN: 1052-536X Compiled by: Rebecca Thompson, Information Centers Branch and Sheldon Cheney, Reference Section U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 Compiled for: The Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, National Agricultural Library July 1996 Web sites revised May 2008 Acknowledgement Mary Gold, Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, NAL/ARS, and Karl Schneider, Reference and User Services Branch, NAL/ARS, assisted with database searching. Ray Stevens, Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, reviewed this publication. The authors appreciate their valuable input and assistance. For additional reference sources on the many issues and techniques involved in sustainable agriculture, you may request AFSIC's List of Information Products. For a copy of this list, or for answers to questions, please contact: Alternative Farming Systems Information Center National Agricultural Library 10301 Baltimore Ave., Room 132 Beltsville MD 20705-2351 Telephone: (301) 504-6559, FAX: (301) 504-6409 Contents Introduction Edible Species Mating and Egg Laying Growth Farming Snails Farming Snails Introduction Pens and Enclosures Cannibalism by Hatchlings Gathering Snails Feeding Diseases and Pests Population Density Shipping Turning Snails into Escargot Restrictions and Regulations U.S.
    [Show full text]