Ol Aktive Volkeno Blong Vanuatu
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21. Volcanic Ash Layers from Sites 828, 830, 831, 832, and 833, New Hebrides Island Arc1
Greene, H.G., Collot, J.-Y., Stokking, L.B., et al., 1994 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 134 21. VOLCANIC ASH LAYERS FROM SITES 828, 830, 831, 832, AND 833, NEW HEBRIDES ISLAND ARC1 Peter E. Baker,2 Massimo Coltorti,3 Louis Briqueu,4 Toshiaki Hasenaka,5 and Eric Condliffe2 ABSTRACT Volcanic ash layers (1-3 cm thick) are abundant in the North Aoba Basin drill sites but less common at forearc sites. Ash deposited on the forearc slopes is liable to be redistributed as turbidites. In addition, the westerly upper winds also minimize ash-fall on the western (forearc) side of the New Hebrides Island Arc. Crystalline components in the ashes are primarily Plagioclase (An90-An44), clinopyroxene (Ca46Mg49Fe5-Ca43Mg33Fe24), olivine (Fo87-Fo62), and titanomagnetite. There are also small amounts of orthopyroxene, magnetite, apatite, and quartz. Glass shards occur in most of the ashes and range in composition from basalt to rhyolite. There is often a variety of glass compositions within a single ash layer. One explanation for this is that the rate of accumulation of ash from several different eruptions or eruptive phases exceeded the background sedimentation rate: there may also have been a certain amount of reworking. The high-K and low-K trends previously recognized in volcanic rocks from the New Hebrides Island Arc are clearly represented in the Leg 134 glasses. All of the ashes investigated here are thought to have originated from the Central Chain volcanoes. The source of the high-K group was probably the Central Basin volcanoes of Santa Maria, Aoba, and Ambrym. -
Can Insurance Play a Role? Volcano Risk in Vanuatu: Can Insurance Play a Role? 2 Figure 1: Maps of Ambae Disaster Response, Phases 2 and 3
MAY 2018 Mount Yasur Volcano on Tanna Island in Vanuatu Credit: Kate Humble/Red Vanuatu Volcano Risk in Vanuatu Can Insurance Play a Role? Overview of Volcanic Risk in Vanuatu Vanuatu has 83 islands, most of which are volcanic. There are total of 16 volcanoes in Vanuatu, of which six are active and ten are dormant. Since the 1600s, the major recorded eruptions resulted in substantial changes to Vanuatu’s land formation and migration. This includes fatalities and permanent resettlements either within the island or to other islands. The most recent volcanic eruptions on record since 1995 are: Manaro Voui on Ambae in 2017, 2005 and 1995; Yasur volcano on Tanna in 2016 and 1998, Benbow and Marum on Ambrym Island and Gaua in 2010 and 2009. (See Table 1) Table 1: Recent volcanic eruptions in Vanuatu (1995 – 2017) Name of Name of Alert No. of People Year Government Response / Fiscal Impact / International Aid Island Volcano Level Affected (Est.) 1995 Ambae Manaro Voui 2 French aid for scientific assesment worth US$19,000 (VT 2,000,000) n/a Ban is placed on accessing areas surrounding the volcano; communities are evacuated 1998 Tanna Yasur 3 7,000 and is funding by the government and development partners 2001 Lopevi Lopevi 3 Government provides funds for scientific assessment - US$4,703 (VT 500,000) 200 Government funds scientific assessment and expenses to distribute humanitarian 2003 Lopevi Lopevi 3 500 relief - US$47,000 (VT 5,000,000) Government funds scientific assessment and humanitarian relief for 5,000 people - 2005 Ambae Manaro Voui 3 -
Fifth National Report
FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT Executive Summary Vanuatu is an array of 83 volcanic islands that were formed during the Miocene Era. Her geographical location means that Vanuatu’s biological diversity has developed commonalities with Pacific Island Countries in close proximity such as that of Fiji and Solomon Islands. Vanuatu is fundamentally an agricultural society, where the majority of the population is involved in farm and fishing activities, either for subsistence, livelihood or cash income. The Overarching Productive Sector Policy 2012-2017 also identifies agriculture, forestry and fisheries as priority areas for economic development. In 2013, the Vanuatu National Statistics Office estimated the population of Vanuatu to be 264,000 people, with 75% of the population living in the rural areas. A large portion of the population still depends heavily on the Vanuatu productive sector therefore, the Government has a crucial role to play in defining a policy and institutional framework which both enables and encourages good participation and high performance from all sector stakeholders. The country’s development goals and priorities in the Priorities and Action Agenda (PAA) 2006-2015 identify the productive sector as an engine for investment, economic growth and employment. The sector’s contribution to the overall economic growth has required a strategic commitment by the Government. This is so the Government can support and facilitate an enabling environment for private sector operators. The need to protect and conserve the resources that are critical elements of the productive sector saw Vanuatu commit itself internationally to the Convention on Biological Diversity in the 1992. Since its ratification of this Convention, Vanuatu has made significant progress in ensuring it meets all of its obligations. -
TORBA Provincial Disaster & Climate Response Plan
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT OFFICE NATIONAL TORBA ADVISORY BOARD Provincial Disaster & Climate ON CC & DRR Response Plan 2016 Province of TORBA – 2016 PLAN AUTHORIZATION This Plan has been prepared by TORBA Provincial Government Councils in pursuance of Section 11(1) of the National Disaster Act of 2000 and the National Climate Change & Disaster Risk Reduction Policy. ENDORSED BY: _______________________ Date: / / 2016 Mr. Judas Silas Chairperson Provincial Disaster & Climate Change Committee This Plan is approved in accordance with Section 11(2) of the National Disaster Act 2000 and is in-line with the National Climate Change & Disaster Risk Reduction Policy 2015-2030. APPROVED BY: ___________________ Date: / / 2016 Mr. Shadrack Welegtabit Director National Disaster Management Office Ministry Of Climate Change and Disasters ___________________ Date: / / 2016 Mr. David Gibson Director VMGD Office Ministry Of Climate Change and Disasters ___________________ Date: / / 2016 Ms Anna Bule Secretariat National Advisory Board on Climate Change & Disaster Risk Reduction ___________________ Date: / / 2016 Ms Ketty Napwatt Secretary General TORBA Provincial Government i | Province of TORBA – 2016 PREFACE Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Provincial level is a dynamic process. In order to adequately respond to disasters, there must be a comprehensive and coordinated approach between national, provincial and community levels. This plan has been developed to provide guidelines on how to manage different risks in the province, taking into account the effects of the climate change that increase the strength of the hazard and potential impacts of future disasters. This Provincial Disaster & Climate Response Plan provides directive to all agencies on the conduct of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency operations. -
NEOC Situation Update
NEOC Situation Update Response Name Ambae Volcanic Activity Situation Report 19 Date 16:30 24th August 2018 Reporting period 22/08/2018 - 24/08/2018 Provinces affected Penama, Sanma Attachment(s) Maewo EOC daily update, Penama Health Cluster update, WASH Cluster update, Sanma Health and Gender&Protection cluster update NEOC Status Operational Situation Overview . A State of Emergency is in place on the island of Ambae until the 26th September 2018. The Vanuatu Meteorology and GeoHazard Department has the Ambae Volcano at Alert Level 3. All evacuees on Maewo are now settled into host communities. Clusters and humanitarian partners are working closely with NDMO to provide the evacuees with their basic needs. According to Health Cluster, no disease outbreaks have been reported on Maewo. The Sanma Health and Gender & Protection cluster through the Provincial Emergency Operations Center (PEOC) continues to focus on providing mental and psychosocial support to the vulnerable group in Luganville. MV Aganda will be departing Port Vila for Maewo this evening with NFI’s from Care International, Save the Children, UNICEF, Education Cluster and Digicel Vanuatu. A further shipment of dry rations for Santo and Maewo Evacuees is scheduled for next week. Water sample report from North Pentecost confirms that the water is contaminated by recent Ambae ash fall and not suitable for drinking. WASH Cluster is working to upscale its water- trucking services on North Pentecost. General Coordination . The onsite emergency operations center (EOC) in Kerembei is the primary coordination hub for evacuations to Maewo. Daily coordination meetings are held each morning. Another smaller emergency operation center is also active in Narovorovo to support host communities in the South. -
3. Quaternary Vertical Tectonics of the Central New Hebrides Island Arc1
Collot, J.-Y., Greene, H. G., Stokking, L. B., et al., 1992 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, Vol. 134 3. QUATERNARY VERTICAL TECTONICS OF THE CENTRAL NEW HEBRIDES ISLAND ARC1 Frederick W. Taylor2 ABSTRACT Hundreds of meters of uplift of both the frontal arc and backarc characterize the late Quaternary vertical tectonic history of the central New Hebrides Island Arc. This vertical deformation is directly related to large, shallow earthquakes on the interplate thrust zone postulated on the basis of coral emergence data. This chapter presents evidence from the best documented and illustrated examples of uplifted coral reefs from the central New Hebrides Island Arc for the pattern and rates of vertical deformation caused by subduction of the d'Entrecasteaux Zone and the West Torres Massif over the past few 100 k.y. The pattern of vertical movement based on upper Quaternary coral reef terraces documents that the islands of Espiritu Santo, Malakula, Pentecost, and Maewo have risen hundreds of meters during the late Quaternary. This history suggests that the present pattern and rates of vertical deformation should be extrapolated back to at least 1 Ma, which would indicate that the total amount of structural and morphological modification of the arc during the present phase of deformation is more significant than previously assumed. The morphology of the central New Hebrides Island Arc may have resembled a more typical arc-trench area only 1-2 Ma. If the late Quaternary patterns and rates of vertical deformation have affected the central New Hebrides Island Arc since 1-2 Ma, then virtually all of the anomalous morphology that characterizes the central New Hebrides Island Arc can be attributed to the subduction of the d'Entrecasteaux Zone and the West Torres Massif. -
C. Household Living (Dwelling) Conditions
C. HOUSEHOLD LIVING (DWELLING) CONDITIONS 53 Living conditions vary considerably across Vanuatu, based in part on access to infrastructure and utilities. Those living outside urban areas and towns tend to go without electricity and often lack piped water and sewage systems. On most islands, almost all households mainly rely on wood or coconut shell for cooking – even in Port Vila almost half of households still cook using these sources. In the more urbanized parts of the country, houses have concrete or wood floors. Many households in Vanuatu live in basic conditions. For instance, even though traditional materials appear to be widely used for housing across the country, only 17% of households report living in dwellings with walls made of makeshift or improvised materials. A generally low access to electricity in Vanuatu is an area of concern. At the national level, only 38% of households report having electricity (from main grid, solar, or own generator) as a main source of lighting. Outside of the key urban areas (Port Vila and Luganville), less than 20% of households have access to the main grid, and even that number may be driven by those households that live close to provincial centers. In fact, in most ACs, less than 2% of the population has access to the main grid. Solar power has become an important source of electricity, especially in more remote locations. In some ACs, up to 50% of households report reliance on solar power as the main source of lighting. The national average for this source is 6.3% (as of 2009). Only about 2% of the population relies on small petrol generators, which could be a reflection of high costs of fuel. -
The Mosquitoes of the Banks and Torres Island Groups of the South Pacific (Diptera: Culicidae)
Vol. 17, no. 4: 511-522 28 October 1977 THE MOSQUITOES OF THE BANKS AND TORRES ISLAND GROUPS OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) By Mario Maffi1 and Brian Taylor2 Abstract: In August 1971 a total of 1003 specimens of Culicidae were collected from 2 little known island groups ofthe New Hebrides, the Banks and the Torres, 637 (39 $$, 12 S$, 148 P, 13 p, 419 L, 6 1) and 366 (46 $$, 3 $<$, 73 P, 13 p, 231 L), respectively. Of 9 species of Culicidae previously recorded, 6 are confirmed. 3 species are added: Culex (Cux.) banksensis, Culex {Cux,) sitiens, Culex (Eum.) Jemineus. The distribution (considerably wider than previously recorded) and the bionomics of the species are presented. Located at the northern end of the territory of the New Hebrides Condominium, and administratively part of it, 2 island groups, the Banks and the Torres, rise from the New- Hebrides submarine ridge and are dispersed over a wide area of the Southwest Pacific: 13°04' to 14°28' S, and 166°30' to 168°04' E. The Banks, the southern ofthe 2 groups, are more scattered and consist of 2 major islands (Gaua, Vanua Lava) and 6 minor islands (Merelava, Merig, Mo ta, Motalava, Parapara, Ro wa) with a total land area of approx imately 750 km2. The Torres group is more compact and consists of 5 small islands (Toga, Loh, Tegua, Metoma, Hiu) with less than 100km2 ofland area. There are a few off-shore islets. Except for the reef island of Rowa, the islands are of volcanic origin; however, on some of the smaller islands, particularly in the Torres, there are terraces of coral limestone. -
CBD Strategy and Action Plan
VANUA TUNA TIONAL BIODIVERSlTY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN PROJECT NATIONAL BIODIVERSlTY CONSERVATION STRATEGY November 1999 Environment Unit, PMB 063, Port Vila Phone: 25302 Fax: 23565 Emaif: [email protected] I Table of contents I Foreword........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................. 5 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 7 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................. 7 2 BIODIVERSITY IN VANUATU ..................................................................................................................... 9 TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY ............................................................................................................................... 9 FRESHWATER BIODIVERSITY .................................. _............................................................................................. 9 COASTAL AND MARINE BIODIVERSiTY .............................................................................................................. -
Notes on the Uses of Metroxylon in Vanuatu
PALMS Dupuyoo: Metroxylon in Vanuatu Vol. 51(1) 2007 Notes on the JEAN-MICHEL DUPUYOO Jardin d’Oiseaux Tropicaux Uses of Conservatoire Biologique Tropical, 83250 La Londe-les-Maures, Metroxylon in France Vanuatu [email protected] 1. As members of Metroxylon section Coelococcus, both M. warburgii and M. salomonense flower only once and die after the fruit crop is mature (Anatom island). Sago palms of the genus Metroxylon play an important role in the daily life of the inhabitants of these islands. Their primary use is in the making of roofing material for traditional dwellings from the huge leaflets as. The secondary use as a foodstuff is becoming increasingly rare. PALMS 51(1): 31–38 31 PALMS Dupuyoo: Metroxylon in Vanuatu Vol. 51(1) 2007 Vanuatu is an archipelago composed of more 60–80 cm at chest height (Fig. 3). The leaves than 80 islands, stretching over 850 kilometers can be more than 6 meters long with leaflets on a southeast to northwest line. Situated in 100–190 cm long and 14–19 cm wide. The the southwestern Pacific Ocean, Vanuatu is a petioles have long and flexible spines (Fig. 4). neighbor of the Solomon Islands to the northwest, New Caledonia to the southwest Varieties of Natangura Palms and Fiji to the east. Its total surface area is Metroxylon warburgii is known as Natangura 12,189 km2, and the eight biggest islands throughout the archipelago. This palm is represent 87% of that surface (Weightman highly polymorphic and inhabitants 1989). differentiate and name several varieties. The The Genus Metroxylon in Vanuatu variety Ato, indigenous to the south of Espiritu Santo, is often taller than 15 meters (Fig. -
Living with Volcanoes 4
LIVE&LEARN Environmental Education Vanuatu Volcanic Alert Levels (Vanuatu Geohazards Observatory) Living with COLOUR LEVEL FREQUENTLY ACTIVE VOLCANO DORMANT VOLCANO (YASUR, LOPEVI, AMBRYM) (AMBAE, GAUA, VANUA LAVA) volcanoes GREEN 0 Normal low level activity Normal, quiet A community’s guide to preparedness and response, 1 Increased activity. Signs of awakening Danger near crater only before, during and after volcanic eruptions YELLOW 2 Moderate eruptions. Danger Confirmation of awakening. close to the volcano vent and Minor eruptions and danger within parts of the Volcanic near crater Hazards Map ORANGE 3 Large eruption. Danger in Moderate to large eruption. specific areas within parts of Danger in areas near crater and Volcanic Hazards Map Red and along main stream valleys Yellow Zones RED 4 Very large eruption, Island-wide Very large eruption. Island-wide danger danger and potential impacts on neighbouring islands LIVE&LEARN Environmental Education This guide was developed by Live & Learn Environmental Education for the World Health Organization (WHO) & the Applied Geoscience and Technology Division (SOPAC), Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). LIVE&LEARN Environmental Education Acknowledgements Valuable contributions were made to the development of content by representatives from the Department of Geology, Mines & Water Resources, Department of Geohazards, Department of Public Health, National Disaster Management Office (NDMO), TauleTaule Association, CARE International (Vanuatu), WHO-Vanuatu, Kamal Khatri Program Officer, WHO SP office and members from Launaula, Middle Bush, Imaiou, Kalili, Lenimaha, Isaka, Imaelo, Ikquamanu, Letaus, Galilee, Tapaur, Saraling, Valley and Whitesands communities. This Guide has been developed through national consultations, with input from selected community health awareness workshops relating to volcanic impacts and field trials on the island of Tanna. -
A Survey of Village Subsistence Fishing in Vanuatu
11 A SURVEY Of VILLAGE SUBSISTENCE FlSHING IN VANUATU Gilbert DAVID and Espérance OLLAURRE1'1 ORSTOM Mission in Port Vila P.O. Box 76, PORT VILA, VANUATU 1. GEOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROIJND Extending over 12,200 sq.km, the Vanuatu archipelago is made up of a Y-shaped chain of sorne eighty mountainous islands located in the South West Pacific Ocean (Fig. 1). Most of the islands are of voicanic and coralline origin. They are surrounded bv a narrow stri!' of fringing reefs. There are few lagoons, and the outer reef slope drops rapidly, which means that deep ocean borders the coast. According to the 1979 population census, 94% of the population (111,250 inhabitants) is of Melanesian origin. Respectively 9,970 and 5,180 inhabitants live in Port Vila and Luganville, the two urban areas of the Cou11try. These tm'....ns draw in the majority of EuroI?eans, ...ô,.sians and other ethnic groups from the Pacifie region. Although the popUlation is estimated to be growing at 3.1 % per annum, the population density lS very Low (9 persons per sq.km). However, variations l'an be signifieant from island to island. The population dens1ty can reach over 500 Dersons per sq.km in the smaller islands of the archipelago, such as Shepherd Islands, w'here there are signs of severe land pressure. In the larger islands, a distinction can be made between L.tla."1d areas and the shore areas, most househoids living along the coastline. The country is weIl endowed with soils. About 44% of the total surface area 1S covered by good fertile soils.