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Las-Enseñanzas-Del-Chan-Y-Del-Zen-I.Pdf LAS ENSEÑANZAS DEL CH’AN Y DEL ZEN Volumen 1 Lu K’uan Yü (Charles Luk) A la memoria de UPASIKA 1 MARGUERITE LA FUENTE De Les Amis du Bouddhisme Cuyas palabras de aliento vencieron Las dudas del traductor cuando él comenzó A traducir los textos chinos en 1956. 1 Upasaka (masculino) y upasika (femenino), son términos que se aplican a los devotos laicos del Buda. Los términos respectivos para los devotos monásticos son bhiksu (bhikku en pali) y bhiksuni (bhikkuni). 1 Título original: Ch’an and Zen Teaching. Volume 1. Lu Kuan Yu (Charles LuK) Samuel Weiser, Inc. York Beach, Maine. 1993. 2 Tomamos refugio en el Buda, Tomamos refugio en el Dharma 2, Tomamos refugio en la Sangha 3, Tomamos refugio en las tres gemas, dentro de nosotros mismos. 2 Dharma (con mayúscula) son las enseñanzas del Buda.[N.de.T] 3 La comunidad budista [N.de.T] 3 4 Contenido Prólogo ............................................................................................................... 7 PARTE I ........................................................................................................... 16 DISCURSOS Y PALABRAS DEL ..................................................................... 16 DHARMA DEL MAESTRO HSU YUN .............................................................. 16 2 El entrenamiento Chan ................................................................................. 28 Preliminares al método de entrenamiento .................................................... 28 Prerrequisitos para la realización del deber religioso ................................ 28 El Método del Entrenamiento Ch’an ............................................................. 34 Lo esencial del entrenamiento Ch’an ............................................................ 34 Cómo comenzar el entrenamiento: ............................................................... 35 Distinción entre el Huésped y el Invitado ...................................................... 35 Hua t’ou y duda ............................................................................................. 36 Cuidar del hua t’ou y dirigir hacia adentro el oído para escuchar la Naturaleza- Propia. .......................................................................................................... 40 Seriedad con respecto a dejar el Samsara y desarrollar un propósito de larga duración ........................................................................................................ 41 Dificultades para los principiantes: La mente con negligencia ...................... 43 Facilidad para los principiantes: Dejar a un lado (la carga de) el pensar y suscitar un solo pensamiento ....................................................................... 44 Dificultad para los practicantes antiguos: Inhabilidad para dar un paso adelante, después de alcanzar la cima de un poste de cien pies alto ......... 45 Facilidad para los practicantes antiguos: Continuación del riguroso e ininterrumpido entrenamiento Ch’an ............................................................. 47 3. Conferencias diarias durante dos semanas Ch’an ....................................... 49 LA PRIMERA SEMANA ................................................................................ 49 El Primer día ............................................................................................. 49 El segundo día .......................................................................................... 53 El tercer día ............................................................................................... 58 El Cuarto Día ............................................................................................. 63 El Quinto Día ............................................................................................. 67 El Sexto Día .............................................................................................. 72 El séptimo día ........................................................................................... 80 LA SEGUNDA SEMANA............................................................................... 86 El Primer día ............................................................................................. 86 El segundo día .......................................................................................... 90 El tercer día ............................................................................................... 95 El cuarto día .............................................................................................. 98 5 El Quinto Día ........................................................................................... 101 El sexto día ............................................................................................. 102 El séptimo día ......................................................................................... 103 El día de la clausura ................................................................................ 104 Palabras del Maestro Hsu Yun ................................................................ 110 La llegada del maestro a Ts’ao Ch’i ............................................................ 114 PARTE II ........................................................................................................ 123 HISTORIAS DE SEIS MAESTROS CH’AN .................................................... 123 Prefacio....................................................................................................... 124 Maestro Ch’an, Teh Ch’eng, El Monje Bote en Hua Ting ........................... 126 Maestro Ch’an, Chi Hsien de Hisang Yen................................................... 131 Maestro Ch’an, Chu Ti de Chin Hua ........................................................... 135 Maestro Ch’an, Hui Ts’ang de Shih Kung ................................................... 137 Maestro Ch’an, Wu Chu (alias) Wen Hsi de Hang Chou ............................ 140 Maestro Fu Ta Shih .................................................................................... 143 PARTE III ....................................................................................................... 146 EL DIAMANTE QUE CORTA LAS DUDAS .................................................... 146 Prólogo ....................................................................................................... 147 Parte I ......................................................................................................... 152 Parte II ........................................................................................................ 184 PARTE IV ....................................................................................................... 200 UN DISCURSO FRANCO SOBRE EL SUTRA DEL CORAZÓN .................. 200 Prólogo ....................................................................................................... 201 El Sutra Prajna-Paramita-Hrdaya ............................................................... 203 APÉNDICE DE PERSONAS, LUGARES Y TÉRMINOS EN CHINO ............. 213 GLOSARIO DE NOMBRES, TÉRMINOS Y LUGARES EN CHINO Y EN SÁNSCRITO. ................................................................................................. 218 6 Prólogo El carácter chino Ch’an (o, en japonés, Zen) es el equivalente de la palabra sánscrita dhyana, que significa meditación, y es una de las seis perfecciones (paramitas) 4. 5 Éste se ha usado de manera errónea para designar la trasmisión de la mente que el Tathagata 6 entregó a Mahakasyapa 7, y que el vigécimooctavo Patriarca, Bodhidharma 8, introdujo en China. Esta trasmisión se hizo por fuera de los métodos convenientes que utilizó El Honrado por el mundo , cuando expuso los sutras, e indicó el dirigirse a la mente, de manera directa, para percibir la naturaleza-propia y alcanzar la budeidad. Por lo tanto, el Ch’an lo abarca todo, mientras que dhyana-paramita es solo uno de los seis modos de salvación. La diferencia entre la secta Ch’an y las diferentes escuelas consiste en que lo procura la primera es la iluminación instantánea, mientras que el objeto de las otras es el logro de estapas sucesivas de santidad previas al logro de la iluminación completa. Por iluminación, los maestros Ch’an no quieren dar a entender ningún logro pacial o auténtico del Dharmakaya 9 en sí mismo. Comentaristas modernos han dado lugar a interpretaciones confusas del Ch’an o el Zen, y por eso hemos oído de caligrafía Zen, pintura Zen, música Zen y arquería Zen. Si a un maestro se le preguntara sobre la naturaleza Zen de una pieza de caligrafía o de una pintura, respondería: “Hace tiempo que se fue la espada”. Acá es apropiado referirnos al siguiente pasaje de los Dichos de Chung Feng (Chung Feng Kuang Lu): ‘¿Qué es el Ch’an? Ch’an es el nombre de la mente, ¿Qué es la mente? La mente es la sustancia del Ch’an. Bodhidharma vino desde el oeste y lo único que explicó fue el señalar, de manera directa, a la mente del hombre. En un comienzo no se usó el término “Ch’an”, 4 En el Budismo Mahayana las paramitas o perfecciones son seis: Dana (generosidad, dar de uno mismo), Sila (virtud, moralidad, disciplina), Ksanti (paciencia, tolerancia, resistencia, aceptación), Virya (energía, diligencia, vigor, esfuerzo), Dhyana (concentración, contemplación) y Prajna (sabiduría). 5 Insertado acá por el traductor. 6 Tahtagata, es el nombre del Buda que se usa escrituras cuando se refiere al él mismo. Significa tanto aquel que así se ha ido como aquél que así ha venido . [N. de T.]
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