ANNALS OF MEDICAL HISTORY

CONTENTS: VOLUME VIII

ORIGINAL ARTICLES PAGE

Poetry and Physic...... Sir Humphry Rolleston ... i Gleanings from Old Chinese Medicine ...... Bernard E. Read...... 16 Some Humble Workers in the Cause of Anatomy a Hundred Years Ago...... W. B. Howell...... 20 Pirate and Buccaneer Doctors...... Leo Eloesser...... 31 Galen...... Archibald Mallocb .... 61 Studies in Paleopathology xiv (Second Series, i) Roy L. Moodie...... 69 Studies in Paleopathology xv (Second Series, 11) . . . Roy L.Moodie ...... 73 Studies in Paleopathology xvi (Second Series, hi) . . . Roy L.Moodie ...... 78 The Life and Time of Adolf Kussmaul.Theodore H. Bast...... 95 Medical Numismatics...... Fielding H. Garrison . . . . 128 Samuel D. Gross...... John H. Gibbon...... 136 Pioneer Medicine in Western Pennsylvania (Parts i-ii) . Theodore Diller...... 141, 292 Concerning Some Old Medical Journals ../... W. B. Howell...... 155 • Galen’s Discovery and Promulgation of the Function of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve...... Joseph Walsh...... 176 Fragments of Chinese Medical History...... K. K. Chen and Amy S. H. Ling 185 China’s Contribution to Medicine in the Past .... Wang Chi Min...... 192 John Redman...... William Sbainline Middleton. . 213 The Operative Story of the Heart...... Claude S. Beck...... 224 Teachers and Textbooks of Medicine in the Medieval University of Paris...... Stephen d’Irsay...... 234 The Use of Unicorn’s Horn, Coral and Stones in Medi­ cine ...... W. G. Aitchison Robertson . . 240 The Poore’s Plague and Mr. Pepys...... G. R. Owen...... 249 Dr. Bernard de Mandeville and His Fable of the Bees . James Hendrie Lloyd.... 265 Sir William Lawrence...... Burton Chance...... 270 Studies in Paleopathology xvii: An Alveolar Abscess in the Mandible of an Extinct Mammal...... Roy L. Moodie...... 280 The History of Herpes from the Earliest Times to the Nineteenth Century ...... Charles Greene Cumston . . . 284 Some Worthies of the Cambridge Medical School . . . Sir Humphry Rolleston . . .331 Francesco Redi...... Rufus Cole...... 347 • Some Medical Medals and Tokens To Be Presented to the College of Physicians of Philadelphia...... E. B. Krumbhaar...... 360 Remarks on the Presentation of Microscopical Prepara­ tions Made from Some of the Original Tissue Described by Thomas Hodgkin...... Herbert Fox...... 370 * Abraham Chovet...... William Snow Miller .... 375 Studies in Paleopathology xviii: Tumors of the Head among Pre-Columbian Peruvians...... Roy L. Moodie...... 394 Studies in Paleopathology xix: Pleistocene Examples of Traumatic Osteomyelitis...... Roy L. Moodie...... 413 The Worship of Asklepios with Special Reference to the Tholos and the Theater...... Ira S. Wile...... 419 Ayurvedic Medicine in Ancient and Medieval Ceylon. . Casey A. Wood...... 435 PAGE EDITORIALS

The William Wood Gerhard Gold Medal of the Philadelphia Pathological Society . . 83 An Interesting Medical Celebration...... 84 The Medical History of Louis xiv...... 202 New Views of Max Wellmann on the Authorship of Celsus ...... 203 The Teaching of Anatomy at Edinburgh...... 325 The Order of the Hospitals...... 446

CORRESPONDENCE

A Letter from Charles Bonnet on the Death of Haller...... 86

BOOK REVIEWS

Male Infibulation, Dingwall...... 88 MoNUMENTA MeDICA, VoLS. II AND III, SlGERIST...... 88 Remedes Contre la Peste, Klebs and Droz...... 91 The Evolution of Anatomy, Singer...... 92 The Healing Gods of Ancient Civilization, Jayne...... 93 Development of Our Knowledge of Tuberculosis, Flick...... 208 Entwicklung und Bibliographie der Pathologisch-Anatomischen Abbildung, Goldschmid 209 Les Curiosites de la Medecine, Cabanes...... 210 Medical Heredity, Distinguished Children of Physicians, Browning...... 210 Centenario da Regia Escola de Cirurgia do Porto, 1825-1925, Vitorino and Saavedra. . 327 Recent Advances in Paleopathology...... 327 The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Historical Notes from 1505 to 1905, Cress­ well ...... 448 Principles of Anatomic Illustration, Garrison ...... 448 Les Curiosites de la Medecine, ii. Les Cinq Sens, Cabanes...... 450 hi. Les Fonctions de la Vie, Cabanes...... 450 The Peaks of Medical History, Dana...... 451 Il Volto di Hippocrate, Castiglione...... 452

INDEX ...... 453 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PORTRAITS PAGE MISCELLANEOUS ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE

Abernethy, John...... 274 Vertebrae of Pleistocene Crocodile, Akenside, Mark...... 2 Three Conjoined...... 79 Allbutt, Sir T. Clifford...... 345 Sagittal Section...... 79 Blackmore, Sir Richard...... 8 Crocodile Vertebra, Anterior End, Bonnet, Charles...... 86 Showing Asymmetrical Development Caius, John .... Cover No. 4. of Ossified Ligament...... 80 Chovet, Abraham...... 390, 391 Posterior Surface...... 80 Clobery, Robert Glynn...... 335 Microscopic Sections...... 81 Craik, James...... 143 Headband from Fernelius, Universa Darwin, Erasmus...... 6 Medicina, Geneva, 1679...... 83 Galen, Claudius . . . Cover No. 1. Kussmaul, Adolf, on His Death-bed Galen, Five Portraits of...... 177 Facing 95 Galileo...... 348 Headband from Fernelius: Universa Glisson, Francis...... 333 Medicina, Geneva, 1679...... 95 Halford, Sir Henry...... 4 Kussmaul’s Drawings of Esophagoscop- Hand, Brigadier General Edward . . 147 ical Pictures...... 123 Harwood, Sir Busick...... 336 Esophagoscope Which Kussmaul Used . 123 Haviland, John...... 338 Jeton of Guy Patin...... 135 Heberden, William, the Elder . . . 334 Plan of the Present Pergamum . . . 178 Holmes, Oliver Wendell . . . Facing 1 Acropolis of Pergamum Restored . . 179 Humphry, Sir George Murray. . . . 341 Galen in the Amphitheater of Pergamum Irvine, Brigadier General William . . 148 Treating a Wounded Gladiator . . 180 Kussmaul, Adolf . . . Cover No. 2. . 101 Dwelling House on Farm Outside of Lawrence, Sir William . Cover No. 3. . 271 Pergamum Owned and Operated by Lee, Arthur...... 149 Galen’s Father...... 181 Macalister, Alexander...... 344 Galen’s Demonstration of the Recur­ Mercer, Hugh, as a Country Doctor in rent Laryngeal Nerve...... 182 Pennsylvania...... 144 Glossocome of Galen...... 183 Monro, Alexander, Primus . .Facing 213 Hua Tu, An Effigy...... 186 Paget, Sir George-Edward...... 341 Box Containing 109 Lots...... 187 Passavant, Rev. William A...... 320 Prescriptions, Three, Corresponding to Pennington, Sir Isaac...... 337 Three Lots...... 187 Redi, Francesco...... Facing 331 Illustrations of Drugs in Pen Tsao Redman, John...... 215, 216 Kang Mu...... 188 St. Clair, General Arthur . . . . 146 Front Page of Pen Tsao Kang Mu. . . 188 Trotter, Dr. Thomas, at the Age of Title Page of Stuart’s Chinese Materia Thirty-seven...... 3 Medica...... 189 Walter, Albert G...... 305 Diagram of Doctrine of the Five Ele­ Watson, Sir Thomas (2)...... 339 ments...... 194 Headband from Wirzung: General Prac­ MISCELLANEOUS ILLUSTRATIONS tise of Physicke, London, 1605. . . 202 Headband from Neander: Tabacologia, Headband from Galen: De Simplicium, Lugduni Batavorum, 1626 . . . . 213 Venice, 1625...... 1 Old Academy, Philadelphia . . . .214 Fu Hsi, Father of Mystic Rites in Title Page of Redman’s Thesis . . . 218 Chinese Medicine...... 17 Redman’s Diploma...... 219 Shen Nung, Father of Chinese Agricul­ Caricature of Redman...... 220 ture ...... 17 Sketch of Circulation Showing Short- Frontal and Occipital Aspects of the circuit of Blood Through Patent Mummy Skull from a Prehistoric Ductus Arteriosus...... 227 Grave in Peru, Showing Method of Sketch of Human Heart Showing Patent Retaining Bandage in Place by a Ductus Arteriosus...... 228 Group of Quipu Cords...... 70 Human Hearts Showing Stenosis of the Gauze from Which Bandage was Made, Mitral Valve as Seen from the Enlargement of...... 71 Auricle...... 231 Lateral Aspect of Skull, Showing Primi­ Cardiovalvulotome...... 232 tive Arrangements for Holding Band­ Skull and Mandible of Hyracodon . . 280 age ...... 71 Photograph of Section...... 281 Hadrosaurian Dinosaur...... 73 Abscess in Mandible of Fossil Mammal . 282 Metapodials of Thespesius Annectens, Photograph of Adjacent Areas. . . 283 Normal and Pathological .... 74 Building in Which Dr. Walter Con­ Fractures of Manus of Thespesius ducted His Private Hospital . . . 307 Annectens...... 75 Pittsburgh Infirmary, 1849, the Cradle 323 Histology...... 76 Passavant Hospital, First Building, 1851 324 Ligaments of Lumbar Vertebrae in Headband from Willis: Opera Omnia, Man, Diagrammatic Representation 78 Genevae, 1676...... 325 MISCELLANEOUS ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE MISCELLANEOUS ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE

Headband from Crooke: A Description Orbital Tumor in Skull from Ancon, of the Body of Man. London, 1631. . 331 Peru...... 406 Degrees, Medical, Taken at Cambridge Pre-Columbian Cranial Tumors from DURING THE FlFTY YEARS 1876-I925. . 34O Peru...... 407,408 Medal of Redi...... 350 San Diego Museum, Room iv, Showing Signature of Redi...... 350 Cases Containing Specimens of Pre- Title Page of Redi’s “Esperienze In- Columbian Pathology...... 409 torno Alla Generazione Degl’ In- Archeological Map of West Coast of setti, 1668 Edition...... 352 South America...... 410 Statue of Redi...... 358 Humerus (left) of Pleistocene Lion, Bookplate of Redi...... 359 Anterior Aspect...... 413 edal of alpighi and baraglia M M S . . 361 Roentgenogram of...... 414 Priestley...... 362 Posterior Aspect...... 414 Rush...... 363 Diagrammatic Sketch of Roentgeno­ SoEMMERRING...... 363 gram of...... 415 Cuvier...... 364 Osteomyelitis in the Humerus and Tibia Humboldt...... 364 of the Giant Wolf...... 416 Ecoles de Medecine, Napoleonic . . 365 Roentgenogram of Right Tibia and Mary Ellis Bell Prize...... 366 Fibula of Giant Wolf . . * . . 417 Vaccination...... 366 Photomicrograph of Tissue Described Roentgenogram of Left Humerus of Under Hodgkin’s Case ii .... 373 Giant Wolf Showing Effects of Osteo­ Chovet’s Syllabus, Page 20 of. . . . 376 myelitis ...... 417 Title Page of...... 376 Temple, Altar and Tholos, GroundP lan 421 Last Page of...... 378 Tholos, Ground Plan in Its Present Deformation of Head by Hyperostosis . 396 State...... 420 Pre-Columbian Hyperostosis Cranii Ground Plan of...... 422 from Peru...... 397 Restoration of...... 423 Enlarged View of...... 398 Suggested Serpentine Form of . . 424 Pre-Columbian Skull from Ancon, Peru Asklepios Figures Showing Serpent with 399, 400, 401 One Coil...... 425, 426, 427 Possible Relation of Broad Meningeal Showing Serpent with Two Coils 427,428,429 Tumor to the Skull on Which an Showing Serpent with More than Two External Hyperostosis Has Developed 402 Coils...... 430, 431 Roentgenological Appearance of Sinhalese Stone Bebethoruwa or Cranial Hyperostosis in Skull from “Canoe”...... 444 Chavina, Peru...... 403 Tailpiece from Redi: Opere. Napoli, Roentgenological Appearance of Pre- 1778 ...... 445 Columbian Tumors...... 404 Headband from Erastus: Varia Opus- Bony Tumor of Left Frontal and cula Medica. Frankfurt a. m., i590 . 446 Parietal of Skull of Pre-Columbian Tailpiece from Redi: Sonetti. Firenze, Indian...... 405 1702...... 447