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insights into the taxonomy of Mystrium with us. This manuscript benefited much from the collection of images of (type) specimens provided by B.L. Fisher on AntWeb (www.antweb.org) and the critical and con- structive comments of B.L. Fisher, K. Eguchi & J.T. Longino. Stefan Scharf kindly helped us with the produc- tion of figures. References Bolton, B. (1994) Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachu- setts, 222 pp. Brown, W.L. (1960) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. III. Tribe Amblyoponini (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 122, 145–230. Emery, C. (1889) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XX. Formiche di Birmania e del Tenasserim rac- colte da Leonardo Fea (1885–87). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 27, 485–520. Forel, A. (1899) Trois notices myrmécologiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 43, 303–310. Gronenberg, W., Hölldobler, B. & Alpert, G.D. (1998) Jaws that snap: control of mandible movements in the ant Mystrium. Journal of Insect Physiology, 44, 241–253. Harris, R.A. (1979) A glossary of surface sculpturing. Occasional Papers of the Bureau of Entomology of the California Department of Agriculture, 28, 1–31. Karawaiew, W. (1925) Ponerinen (Fam. Formicidae) aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. Konowia, 4, 69–81. Menozzi, C. (1929) Revisione della formiche del genere Mystrium Roger. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 82, 518–536. Moffett, M. (1986) Mandibles that snap: notes on the ant Mystrium camillae Emery. Biotropica, 18, 361–362. Molet, M., Peeters, C. & Fisher, B.L. (2006) Winged queens replaced by reproductives smaller than workers in Mystrium ants. Naturwissenschaften, 94(4), 280–287. Roger, J. (1862) Einige neue exotische Ameisen-Gattungen und Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 6, 233–254. Saux, C., Fisher, B.L. & Spicer, G.S. (2004) Dracula ant phylogeny as inferred by nuclear 28S rDNA sequences and implications for ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolu- tion, 33, 457–468. Xu, Z. (1998) Two new species of the genera Mystrium and Cryptopone from Yunnan, China (Hymenoptera: Formi- cidae). Zoological Research, 19, 160–164. 12 · Zootaxa 1642 © 2007 Magnolia Press BIHN & VERHAAGH.

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Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Myrmecological News 20 25-36 Online Earlier, for print 2014 The evolution and functional morphology of trap-jaw ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Fredrick J. LARABEE & Andrew V. SUAREZ Abstract We review the biology of trap-jaw ants whose highly specialized mandibles generate extreme speeds and forces for predation and defense. Trap-jaw ants are characterized by elongated, power-amplified mandibles and use a combination of latches and springs to generate some of the fastest animal movements ever recorded. Remarkably, trap jaws have evolved at least four times in three subfamilies of ants. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about the evolution, morphology, kinematics, and behavior of trap-jaw ants, with special attention to the similarities and key dif- ferences among the independent lineages. We also highlight gaps in our knowledge and provide suggestions for future research on this notable group of ants. Key words: Review, trap-jaw ants, functional morphology, biomechanics, Odontomachus, Anochetus, Myrmoteras, Dacetini. Myrmecol. News 20: 25-36 (online xxx 2014) ISSN 1994-4136 (print), ISSN 1997-3500 (online) Received 2 September 2013; revision received 17 December 2013; accepted 22 January 2014 Subject Editor: Herbert Zettel Fredrick J. Larabee (contact author), Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Andrew V. Suarez, Department of Entomology and Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Univer- sity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S.
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Myrmecological News 19 31-41 Vienna, January 2014 Trophic ecology of tropical leaf litter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) – a stable isotope * study in four types of Bornean rain forest Martin PFEIFFER, Dirk MEZGER & Jens DYCKMANS Abstract We measured δ 15N values and inferred the trophic positions of 151 ground ant species from four types of rain forests (alluvial, limestone, dipterocarp forest, and Kerangas) in Gunung Mulu National Park, in Sarawak, Malaysia. Four hypo- theses were tested: 1) Ground-foraging ants occur in all trophic levels; 2) ant subfamilies differ in their trophic status; 3) δ 15N values differ among species within genera and among genera within subfamilies; and 4) ant assemblages in differ- ent forest types differ in their trophic structure. Base-line corrected mean δ 15N values for different ant species ranged from -0.67‰ to 10.56‰ thus confirming that forest ants occupy a variety of trophic levels. Based on stable isotopes we distinguished three major trophic groups: a) species mostly feeding on hemipteran exudates and other plant-derived food resources; b) omnivorous species with mixed diet of plant and animal prey; and c) truly predacious species, in- cluding arthropod specialists. Ant subfamilies differed significantly in their trophic positions, as did many ant genera with- in subfamilies and ant species within ant genera. Several ant species exhibited dietary flexibility and differed significantly in trophic positions across forest types. Key words: Trophic position, stable isotopes, food webs, functional groups, leaf litter ants. Myrmecol. News 19: 31-41 (online 9 July 2013) ISSN 1994-4136 (print), ISSN 1997-3500 (online) Received 11 September 2012; revision received 9 April 2013; accepted 10 April 2013 Subject Editor: Nicholas J.
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insects Article Nest Site Selection during Colony Relocation in Yucatan Peninsula Populations of the Ponerine Ants Neoponera villosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Franklin H. Rocha 1, Jean-Paul Lachaud 1,2, Yann Hénaut 1, Carmen Pozo 1 and Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud 1,* 1 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Avenida Centenario km 5.5, Chetumal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico; [email protected] (F.H.R.); [email protected] (J.-P.L.); [email protected] (Y.H.); [email protected] (C.P.) 2 Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-98-3835-0440 Received: 15 January 2020; Accepted: 19 March 2020; Published: 23 March 2020 Abstract: In the Yucatan Peninsula, the ponerine ant Neoponera villosa nests almost exclusively in tank bromeliads, Aechmea bracteata. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors influencing nest site selection during nest relocation which is regularly promoted by hurricanes in this area. Using ants with and without previous experience of Ae. bracteata, we tested their preference for refuges consisting of Ae. bracteata leaves over two other bromeliads, Ae. bromeliifolia and Ananas comosus. We further evaluated bromeliad-associated traits that could influence nest site selection (form and size). Workers with and without previous contact with Ae. bracteata significantly preferred this species over others, suggesting the existence of an innate attraction to this bromeliad. However, preference was not influenced by previous contact with Ae. bracteata. Workers easily discriminated between shelters of Ae. bracteata and A.
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Taxonomic Classification of Ants (Formicidae)
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/407452; this version posted September 4, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Taxonomic Classification of Ants (Formicidae) from Images using Deep Learning Marijn J. A. Boer1 and Rutger A. Vos1;∗ 1 Endless Forms, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, 2333 BA, Netherlands *[email protected] Abstract 1 The well-documented, species-rich, and diverse group of ants (Formicidae) are important 2 ecological bioindicators for species richness, ecosystem health, and biodiversity, but ant 3 species identification is complex and requires specific knowledge. In the past few years, 4 insect identification from images has seen increasing interest and success, with processing 5 speed improving and costs lowering. Here we propose deep learning (in the form of a 6 convolutional neural network (CNN)) to classify ants at species level using AntWeb 7 images. We used an Inception-ResNet-V2-based CNN to classify ant images, and three 8 shot types with 10,204 images for 97 species, in addition to a multi-view approach, for 9 training and testing the CNN while also testing a worker-only set and an AntWeb 10 protocol-deviant test set. Top 1 accuracy reached 62% - 81%, top 3 accuracy 80% - 92%, 11 and genus accuracy 79% - 95% on species classification for different shot type approaches. 12 The head shot type outperformed other shot type approaches.
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A Ants: Phylogeny and 1758 when the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné Classification published the tenth edition of his catalog of all plant and animal species known at the time. Marek L. Borowiec1, Corrie S. Moreau2 and Among the approximately 4,200 animals that he Christian Rabeling3 included were 17 species of ants. The succeeding 1University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA two and a half centuries have seen tremendous 2Departments of Entomology and Ecology & progress in the theory and practice of biological Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, classiﬁcation. Here we provide a summary of the NY, USA current state of phylogenetic and systematic 3Social Insect Research Group, Arizona State research on the ants. University, Tempe, AZ, USA Ants Within the Hymenoptera Tree of Ants are the most ubiquitous and ecologically Life dominant insects on the face of our Earth. This is believed to be due in large part to the cooperation Ants belong to the order Hymenoptera, which also allowed by their sociality. At the time of writing, includes wasps and bees. ▶ Eusociality, or true about 13,500 ant species are described and sociality, evolved multiple times within the named, classiﬁed into 334 genera that make up order, with ants as by far the most widespread, 17 subfamilies (Fig. 1). This diversity makes the abundant, and species-rich lineage of eusocial ants the world’s by far the most speciose group of animals. Within the Hymenoptera, ants are part eusocial insects, but ants are not only diverse in of the ▶ Aculeata, the clade in which the ovipos- terms of numbers of species.
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Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)
Molecular Phylogenetics and Taxonomic Revision of Ponerine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Schmidt, Chris Alan Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 23:29:52 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194663 1 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF PONERINE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: PONERINAE) by Chris A. Schmidt _____________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN INSECT SCIENCE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2009 2 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Chris A. Schmidt entitled Molecular Phylogenetics and Taxonomic Revision of Ponerine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 4/3/09 David Maddison _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 4/3/09 Judie Bronstein
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Jaws That Snap: Control of Mandible Movements in the Ant Mystrium ¨ Wulfila Gronenberg A,*, Bert Holldobler A, Gary D
Journal of Insect Physiology 44 (1998) 241–253 Jaws that snap: control of mandible movements in the ant Mystrium ¨ Wulfila Gronenberg a,*, Bert Holldobler a, Gary D. Alpert b a Theodor Boveri Institut, Lehrstuhl fu¨r Verhaltensphysiologie und Soziobiologie der Universita¨t, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wu¨rzburg, Germany b Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 26 June 1997; received in revised form 22 September 1997 Abstract Ants of the genus Mystrium employ a peculiar snap-jaw mechanism in which the closed mandibles cross over to deliver a stunning blow to an adversary within about 0.5 ms. The mandible snapping is preceded by antennation and antennal withdrawal. The strike is initiated by contact of the adversary with mechanosensory hairs at the side of the mandible, and is powered by large yet slow closer muscles whose energy is stored by a catapult mechanism. Recording of closer muscle activity indicates that the mandibles are not triggered by any fast muscle. Instead, we suppose that activity differences between the left and right mandible muscles imbalance a pivot at the mandible tip and release the strike. The likelihood for the strike to occur can be modulated by an alarm pheromone. The presence of specialized sensilla and of a complex muscle receptor organ shows that the mandibles are also adapted to functions other than snapping and suggests that the force of the mandible can be finely adjusted for other tasks. 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Fast movements; Functional morphology; Insect mechanoreceptors; Motor control 1. Introduction including the genus Mystrium, have very small or no eyes at all, so presumably they find their prey guided Ants belonging to the genus Mystrium employ a pecu- mainly by olfactory and mechanical cues.
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3. Predation by Ants on Arthropods and Other Animals
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The Phylogeny and Evolution of Ants
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Dissertation Zur Erlangung Des Naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades Der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Vo
Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Jürgen Paul aus Nürnberg Würzburg 2001 THE MOUTHPARTS OF ANTS - Contents p. II - Contents General Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 A. THE MANDIBLES A.1. Review: Mandible movements in ants ................................................................. 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6 Muscle fiber types of the mandible closer muscle ......................................................... 7 Muscle fiber composition reflects adaptive differences among species ........................ 8 Trap-jaw mechanism yields maximum velocity ........................................................... 12 A.2. Optimizing force and velocity: Mandible muscle fiber attachments in ants ..................................................... 15 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 16 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................. 18 Results .......................................................................................................................... 18 - Composition of the apodeme ..................................................................................
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Termite's Twisted Mandible Presents Fast, Powerful, and Precise Strikes
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