the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
The Automobile Industry Pocket Guide published by ACEA Communications department Please order your personal copy via [email protected]
This paper is made in an environmentally-friendly way and according to FSC certification © ACEA_september 2014 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
Foreword
The European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) produces this Pocket Guide annually in order to provide a clear overview of the main characteristics of one of Europe’s key industries. These statistics show an industry that continues to provide employment and mobility for Europe’s citizens, generate tax and trade revenue for governments, and lead the world in terms of innovation.
In 2013, around 13.6 million new cars, vans, trucks and buses were registered in the EU. Sales have dropped by over a quarter since the pre-crisis peak in 2007, but things are now gradually improving. With the European economy slowly recovering, ACEA predicts that sales in Europe will recover moderately over the next few years.
As one of the cornerstones of Europe’s economy, ACEA is continuing to contribute constructively to discussions with policy makers and other stakeholders in order to consolidate this growth and strengthen the global competitiveness of the automobile sector - thereby fully supporting the EU’s industrial renaissance. ACEA believes that the right policy environment can deliver this – that means a policy environment that is based on three building blocks: driving innovation, fostering growth through international trade, and building a supportive and smart regulatory framework.
Erik Jonnaert ACEA Secretary General
1 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015 A CE A about
About ACEA the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
ACEA represents Europe’s car, van, truck and bus makers
Members and partners The European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) is the advocate for the automobile industry in Europe, representing manufacturers of passenger cars, vans, trucks and buses with production sites in the EU. CE A ACEA’s members are: BMW Group, Daimler, DAF, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford of Europe, Opel Group, Hyundai Motor Europe, Iveco, Jaguar Land Rover, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault, Toyota Motor Europe, about A Volkswagen Group, Volvo Cars, Volvo Group.
ACEA has permanent cooperation with the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR), which is the industry body for collaborative research and development.
ACEA works closely with 29 national automobile manufacturers’ associations in Europe, and maintains a dialogue on international issues with automobile associations around the world.
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ACEA’s mission and priority areas
ACEA’s mission is to: Define and advocate the common interests, policies and positions of the European automobile industry; Engage in dialogue with the European institutions and other stakeholders in order to advance understanding of industry issues, and to contribute to effective policy and legislation at both European and global levels; Act as a portal for expert knowledge on vehicle-related regulation; Communicate the role and importance of the industry, using reliable data and information; Monitor activities that affect the automobile industry, cooperating with the other stakeholders involved; Undertake strategic reflection on the increasingly global challenges of mobility, sustainability and competitiveness.
Through its member companies, ACEA taps into a wealth of technical, regulatory and practical expertise in the following priority fields: – Competitiveness, Market and Economy – Environment and Sustainability – International Trade – Research and Innovation – Safety – Transport Policy
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How ACEA works
The ACEA Board of Directors is composed of the CEOs of its member companies. Additionally, CE A a Commercial Vehicle Board of Directors addresses the specific issues that face the commercial vehicle manufacturers that ACEA represents: DAF Trucks, Daimler Trucks, Iveco, MAN Truck & Bus, Scania, about A Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles and Volvo Group.
The day-to-day work of the ACEA secretariat is overseen by the Secretary General, who ensures that the Board of Directors’ priorities are addressed. Technical expertise and advisory input come from working groups on topics as diverse as emissions, road and vehicle safety, general transport policy and regulatory compliance. These specialist working groups are made up of experts from the member companies, and are chaired by ACEA staff.
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ACEA secretariat
Secretary General Regulatory Affairs Director Communications Director Erik Jonnaert Aldo Celasco Cara McLaughlin
Commercial Vehicles Director Safety Director Communications Manager Christine Buck Gianfranco Burzio Charles de Lusignan
Emissions & Fuels Director Technical Affairs Director Statistics & Communications Advisor Paul Greening Erwin Kirschner Francesca Piazza
Environmental Policy Director Trade & Economics Director Information Technology Director Tobias Bahr Erik Bergelin Marc Vanderstraeten
Environmental Policy Advisor Trade & Economics Manager Finance & Administration Director Silvia Vecchione Máté Kander Tanguy De Decker
Legal & Taxation Director Transport Policy Director ACEA Tokyo Office Marc Greven Fuensanta Martinez-Sans Anthony Millington +81 3 350 563 41 Mobility & Sustainable Transport [email protected] Director ACEA Petr Dolejsi Avenue des Nerviens 85 ACEA Beijing Office B – 1040 Brussels Dominik Declercq Parliamentary Affairs Director +32 2 732 55 50 +86 10 6463 4055 Céline Domecq [email protected] [email protected]
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ACEA members
BMW AG DAIMLER AG FORD OF EUROPE GmbH CE A Petuelring 130 D – 70546 Stuttgart Henry Fordstrasse 1 D – 80788 Munich T. +49 711 170 D – 50725 Cologne about A T. +49 89 3820 www.daimler.com T. +49 221 900 www.bmwgroup.com www.ford.com Fiat Chrysler Automobiles DAF TRUCKS NV www.fcagroup.com OPEL GROUP GmbH Hugo van der Goeslaan 1 Bahnhofsplatz NL – 5643 PT Eindhoven D – 65423 Rüsselsheim T. + 31 40 214 9111 T. +49 6142 770 www.daftrucks.com www.gm.com
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RENAULT SA Quai Alphonse Le Gallo 13-15 HYUNDAI MOTOR F – 92109 Boulogne-Billancourt EUROPE GmbH T. +33 1 41 04 50 50 Kaiserleipromenade 5 www.renault.com D – 63067 Offenbach am Main T. +49 69 271 4720 TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE SA www.hyundai-europe.com Avenue du Bourget 60 B – 1140 Brussels IVECO SpA T. +32 2 745 21 11 Via Puglia 35 www.toyota.eu I – 10156 Turin T. +39 011 006 11 11 VOLKSWAGEN AG www.iveco.com Berliner Ring 2 D – 38436 Wolfsburg JAGUAR LAND ROVER T. +49 536 190 MAN Truck & Bus AG Banbury Road www.volkswagenag.com (Commercial Vehicle Board member) Gaydon Postfach 50 06 20 UK – Warwick CV35 ORR VOLVO CAR CORPORATION D – 80995 Munich T. +44 19 2664 1111 S – 405 31 Gothenburg T. +49 891 580 01 www.jaguarlandrover.com T. +46 31 59 00 00 www.mantruckandbus.com www.volvocars.com PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN SCANIA AB Avenue de la Grande Armée 75 AB VOLVO (Commercial Vehicle Board member) F – 75116 Paris Cedex S – 405 08 Gothenburg S – 151 87 Sodertalje T. +33 1 40 66 55 11 T. +46 31 66 51 70 T. +46 8 55 38 10 00 www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com www.volvogroup.com www.scania.com
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Brussels ACEA member representations
Hyundai Motor Group BMW Group Brussels Office Representative Office Rue de la Loi 227 Boulevard de Waterloo 25 B – 1040 Brussels B – 1000 Brussels T. +32 2 205 03 60 T. +32 2 737 50 30 Ford Motor Company EU Affairs Daimler EU Rue Montoyer 40 B7 Jaguar Land Rover
Corporate Representation B – 1000 Brussels Brussels Office CE A Rue Froissart 133 T. +32 2 761 06 11 Avenue d’Auderghem 22-28 B – 1040 Brussels B – 1040 Brussels about A T. +32 2 233 11 45 T. +32 2 238 10 44
Opel Group Public Policy PSA Peugeot Citroën EU Delegation to Europe & Government Relations Delegation Rue Jules Cockx 12A Rue d’Idalie 11-13 Avenue des Arts 53 B – 1160 Brussels B – 1050 Brussels B – 1000 Brussels T. +32 2 513 63 92 T. +32 2 773 69 81 T. +32 2 545 11 79
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Volkswagen Group EU MAN Truck & Bus Brussels Office PSA Peugeot Citroën EU Representation (Commercial Vehicle Board member) Delegation Rue Archimède 25 Rue Jacques de Lalaing 4 Avenue des Arts 53 B – 1000 Brussels B – 1040 Brussels B – 1000 Brussels T. +32 2 645 49 53 T. +32 2 230 41 95 T. +32 2 545 11 79
Scania EU Representation Volvo Car Corporation (Commercial Vehicle Board member) Renault European Affairs Brussels Office EU Affairs c/o Kreab Gavin Anderson Avenue des Arts 40 Rue du Luxembourg 3 Avenue de Tervueren 2 B – 1040 Brussels B – 1000 Brussels B – 1040 Brussels T. +32 2 274 10 00 T. +32 2 503 69 67 T. +32 2 737 69 02
Toyota Motor Europe Volvo Group EU Representation Avenue du Bourget 60 Rue du Luxembourg 3 B – 1140 Brussels B – 1000 Brussels T. +32 2 745 33 13 T. +32 2 482 58 70
12 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
ACEA associated organisations
bulgaria ACM Association of Car austria Manufacturers & their Authorised FFOE Representatives for Bulgaria czech republic Automobile Industry Association Veliko Tarnovo Street 37 AIA CR (SAP) of Austria BG – 1504 Sofia Automotive Industry Association Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63 T. +359 2 946 12 50 of the CR A – 1045 Vienna F. +359 2 94 33 944 Opletalova 55 T. +43 5 90 900 48 00 www.svab.bg CZ – 110 00 Prague 1 F. +43 5 90 900 289 T. +420 221 602 982 www.automotiveindustry.at F. +420 224 239 690
cyprus www.autosap.cz CE A OEB belgium Employers & Industrialists about A FEBIAC Federation denmark Belgian Federation of Automobile Acropoleos Avenue & DBI & Motorcycle Industries Glafkou Street 2 Danish Car Importers Association Boulevard de la Woluwe 46 B6 PoBox 21657 Rådhuspladsen 16 B – 1200 Brussels CY – 1511 Nicosia DK – 1550 Copenhagen V T. +32 2 778 64 00 T. +357 22 66 51 02 T. +45 39 16 23 23 F. +32 2 762 81 71 F. +357 22 66 94 59 F. +45 39 16 24 24 www.febiac.be http://en.oeb.org.cy www.bilimp.dk
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estonia france greece AMTEL CCFA AMVIR (SEAA) Union of Estonian Car Sales French Automobile Association of Motor Vehicle & Service Enterprises Manufacturers’ Association Importers’ Representatives Pärnu Road 232 Rue de Presbourg 2 Kifisias Avenue 296 EST – 11314 Tallinn F – 75008 Paris GR – 152 32 Chalandri – Athens T. +372 672 23 08 T. +33 1 49 52 51 00 T. +30 210 689 1400 F. +372 650 21 97 F. +33 1 49 52 51 88 F. +30 210 685 9 022 www.amtel.ee www.ccfa.fr www.seaa.gr
finland germany hungary AUTOTUOJAT RY VDA AHAI (MGSZ) Association of Automobile German Association of Association of the Hungarian Importers in Finland the Automotive Industry Automotive Industry Ateneuminkuja 2 C Behrenstrasse 35 Thán Károly u. 3– 5 FIN – 00100 Helsinki D – 10117 Berlin H – 1119 Budapest T. +358 207 928 850 T. +49 30 897 8420 T. +36 1 371 5874 F. +358 207 928 859 F. +49 30 897 842 600 F. +36 1 371 5874 www.autotuojat.fi www.vda.de www.gepjarmuipar.hu
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ireland malta SIMI latvia ACIM Society of the Irish AUTO ASOCIĀCIJAS Association of Car Importers Motor Industry Automotive Association Malta Upper Pembroke Street 5 Vangažu Street 5 PoBox 50 Valletta Building IRL – Dublin 2 LV – 1024 Riga MT – San Gwann T. +353 1 676 16 90 T. +371 6 752 99 79 T. +356 21 38 57 74 F. +353 1 661 92 13 F. +371 6 754 03 15 F. +356 21 22 33 06 www.simi.ie www.lpaa.lv CE A
the netherlands italy lithuania RAI ANFIA LAA Motorcycle & Automobile Industry about A Italian Association of Lithuanian Autoenterpreneurs’ Association the Automobile Industry Association Koningin Wilhelminaplein 30 Corso Galileo Ferraris 61 P. Žadeikos g. 1b PoBox 74800 I – 10128 Turin LT – 06319 Vilnius NL – 1062 KR Amsterdam T. +39 011 554 65 11 T. +370 5 230 12 24 T. + 31 20 504 49 49 F. +39 011 545 986 F. +370 5 230 12 25 F. +31 20 646 38 57 www.anfia.it www.laa.lt www.raivereniging.nl
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slovak republic norway ZAP SR BIL portugal Automotive Industry Association SR Automobile Importers’ ACAP Tomášikova 26 Association Automobile Association SK – 821 01 Bratislava Økernveien 99 of Portugal T. +421 2 4364 2235 PoBox 71 Økern Avenida Torre de Belém 29 F. +421 2 4364 2237 N – 0508 Oslo P – 1400– 342 Lisbon www.zapsr.sk T. +47 22 64 64 55 T. +351 21 303 53 00 F. +47 22 64 85 95 F. +351 21 302 14 74 www.bilimportorene.no www.acap.pt slovenia ADS Association of Automobile poland romania Manufacturers PZPM ACAROM & Authorised Importers Polish Automotive Industry Automobile Manufacturers’ c/o Chamber of Commerce Association Association of Romania & Industry of Slovenia Al. Niepodległości 69 Str. Banu Mãrãcine – Bl. D5 Dimiceva 13 PL – 02– 626 Warsaw RO – 110194 Pitesti SI – 1000 Ljubljana T. +48 22 322 71 98 T. +40 248 211 245 T. +386 1 58 98 217 F. +48 22 322 76 65 F. +40 248 217 990 F. +386 1 58 98 219 www.pzpm.org.pl www.acarom.ro www.ads– slo.org
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spain switzerland united kingdom ANFAC auto-suisse SMMT Spanish Association of Car Automobile Association Society of Motor Manufacturers & Truck Manufacturers of Swiss Importers and Traders Iberia Mart II Building Wölflistrasse 5 Great Peter Street 71 Calle Orense 34 Postfach 47 UK – London SW1P 2BN E – 28020 Madrid CH – 3000 Bern 22 T. +44 207 235 70 00 T. +34 91 343 13 45 T. +41 31 306 65 65 F. +44 207 235 71 12 F. +34 91 343 13 77 F. +41 31 306 65 60 www.smmt.co.uk www.anfac.com www.auto-suisse.ch www.auto-schweiz.ch CE A
sweden BIL Sweden turkey Swedish Association of OSD about A Automobile Manufacturers Automotive Manufacturers’ & Importers Association PoBox 26173 – Storgatan 19 Atilla Sokak 10 Altunizade S – 100 41 Stockholm TR– 34676 Istanbul T. +46 8 700 41 00 T. +90 216 318 29 94 F. +46 8 791 23 11 F. +90 216 321 94 97 www.bilsweden.se www.osd.org.tr
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The European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) is the collaborative research organisation of the major automobile manufacturers in Europe, with the mission to strengthen the competitiveness of the manufacturers through strategic collaborative The EUCAR Office is composed of: research and innovation. Simon Godwin [email protected] Together with its members, EUCAR drives the strategy and Director assessment of collaborative automotive research and innovation, and establishes common work with the European Commission, Alessandro Coda member states and other key stakeholders. These activities facilitate [email protected] the participation of EUCAR’s members in high-quality projects with Research Coordinator industrially-relevant results. Projects are mainly financed through the European Union Framework Programmes for research and Mara Pieroni innovation, currently Horizon 2020, matched with industry funding. [email protected] Assistant to Chairman and Director EUCAR collaborative research and innovation activities cover both passenger and commercial vehicles, focused on the following EUCAR members are: “Strategic Pillars”: BMW Group, DAF, Daimler, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Sustainable Propulsion Ford of Europe, Opel Group, Safe and Integrated Mobility Hyundai Motor Europe, Affordability and Competitiveness Jaguar Land Rover, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault, EUCAR is governed by its Council, composed of the heads of the Scania, Toyota Motor Europe, research and advanced development divisions of the member Volkswagen Group, companies. EUCAR’s Chairman is nominated annually from the Volvo Cars and Volvo Group. Council on a rotating basis.
18 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015 s e y Figur
Key Figures e K the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
The automobile Delivering creating industry : the goods Skilled JOBS the engine 12.7 million people work Trucks and vans deliver the in the sector – representing of Europe goods and services we take 5.8% of the EU employed for granted in our daily lives, population. carrying 75% of freight The 3.1 million high-skilled jobs transported over land and in automotive manufacturing delivering 18 billion tonnes represent 10.3% of the EU’s of goods per year. manufacturing employment.
Serving spurring Moving people the Community innovation
The automotive sector is the EU’s largest investor in R&D, accounting for 25% of total R&D spending. Many of our essential public The EU auto industry invests Cars and buses offer freedom services – such as postal, waste over €32 billion into R&D. and mobility for all, providing us and emergency services – are The European Patent Office with direct access to education, delivered by cars, trucks registers 10,500 applications in health and employment. and vans. the auto sector per year. Key figures
21 key figures
manufacturing generating in europe government revenue Vehicle manufacturing is a strategic industry in the EU, where 16.2 million cars, vans, trucks and buses are Motor vehicles account for manufactured. €389 billion in tax contribution in just 14 EU countries – a vital ACEA’s members operate 190 source of government revenue. vehicle assembly and production plants in 22 countries across Driving sustainable Europe. powering mobility economic growth exporting Europe’s cars, vans, trucks worldwide The €843 billion turnover and buses are the cleanest, generated by the automotive safest and quietest in the world. sector represents 6.6% Europe leads the way in clean The European auto industry is of EU GDP. production, with decreasing a global player, delivering The automobile industry has quantities of water and energy 6.6 million ‘Made in Europe’ ripple effects throughout the used to manufacture a vehicle, vehicles around the world, and economy, supporting a vast and much less CO2 and waste bringing in a €95 billion trade supply chain and generating an produced in the process. surplus. array of business services.
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Driving safe and sustainable mobility
Europe’s cars, vans, trucks and buses are the cleanest, safest and quietest in the world. Huge advances have been made in air quality, largely through investments in new engine technologies. It now takes 100 modern passenger cars to produce the same quantity of pollutant emissions as just one from 1970. The average car engine emits 28 times less carbon monoxide than 20 years ago. Also, pollutant emissions from today’s EURO VI trucks have been slashed to near-zero levels, down 98% since 1990. Engine improvements have also reduced the CO2 emissions from new vehicles. Some 49% of new cars emit less than 120g of CO2 per kilometre, and car fleet CO2 emissions decreased by 31.7% between 1995 and 2013. The fuel consumption of today’s heavy duty vehicles is down at least 60% since 1965: a modern truck can transport 1 tonne of goods up to a distance of 100km using as little as 1 litre of fuel. EU road transport fatalities have been halved in the past decade, from 54,000 in 2001 to 26,000 in 2013. Noise from passenger cars has been reduced by 90% since 1970. Europe also leads the way in clean production, with decreasing quantities of water and energy used
to manufacture a vehicle, and much less CO2 and waste produced in the process. Key figures
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The automobile sector is the EU’s largest investor in R&D
R&D shares of sectors of the main world regions | 2013
Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology Technology Hardware & Equipment Automobiles & Parts Software & Computer Services electronic & Electronical Equipment Industrial Engineering Chemicals Aerospace & Defence General Industrials Leisure Goods Other
EU 17% 10% 25% 3% 5% 6% 5% 6% 2% 21%
US 22% 25% 7% 18% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 1 13%
Japan 11% 11% 25% 4% 11% 7% 7% 2% 10% 12%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Source: The 2013 EU industrial r&d investment scoreboard European commission, jrc/dg rtd
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Spurring innovation
Patent applications filed by the automotive sector | 2013
54.3% EU 24.5% Japan In 2013, 12.3% US a total of 10,568 patents 2.2% Switzerland were filed in the automotive sector 1.5% South Korea at the European Patent Office
1.0% China
0.9% Canada
0.9% Taiwan
2.3% Others
Source: based on European Patent Office data - 2014 Key figures
25 key figures
Key figures
Production Total motor vehicles (World) 2013 87.3 m units Total motor vehicles (EU27) 2013 16.2 m units = 19% of worldwide MV production Total passenger cars (World) 2013 65.4 m units Total passenger cars (EU27) 2013 14.6 m units = 22% of worldwide PC production production value 2012 € 681.5 bn New Registrations Total motor vehicles (World) 2013 85.6 m units Total motor vehicles (EU27) 2013 13.6 m units = 16% of worldwide MV registrations/sales Total passenger cars (World) 2013 73.1 m units Total passenger cars (EU27) 2013 11.9 m units = 16% of worldwide PC registrations/sales diesel (Western Europe) 2013 53 % Employment manufacture of motor vehicles (EU27) 2011 2.2 m people = 7.4% of EU manufacturing Total (including indirect, EU27) 2011 12.7 m people = 5.8% of EU employed population Turnover manufacture of motor vehicles (EU27) 2012 € 843.4 bn = 6.6% of EU GDP R&D Investment acea members 2012 € 32.3 bn = 3.8% of turnover Value Added eU27 2011 € 154.3 bn = 9% of manufacturing sector Exports extra-EU27 2013 € 123.1 bn Imports extra-EU27 2013 € 27.9 bn Trade Balance 2013 € 95.1 bn mV in use (Parc) Total motor vehicles 2012 281.4 m units (EU27) passenger cars 2012 246.3 m units motorisation rate (cars) 2011 487 per 1,000 inhab. Tax Revenue from Motor Vehicles (EU15) 2013 € 388.8 bn
W.Europe = EU15 + EFTA
Source: ACEA, VDA, AAA, IHS Global Insight, Eurostat
26 the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket Employment
Employment the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
The automotive industry generates 12.7 million jobs in the EU
Automobile sector: direct and indirect* employment e nt Employm
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY (PRODUCTION OPERATIONS) › Automobile manufacturing (NACE c291) 2.2m jobs › Coachwork, trailers, caravans (NACE c292) direct › Equipment and accessories (NACE c293)
oTHER MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES 3.1m jobs manufacturing › Manufacture, retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres and tubes (NACE c2211) › Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements (NACE c2815) 0.9m jobs › Manufacture of cooling and ventilation equipment (NACE c2825) indirect › Manufacture of computers and other information processing equipment (NACE c262) › Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers (NACE c2711)
AUTOMOBILE USE Total › Sale of motor vehicles (NACE g451) 12.7m jobs › Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles (NACE g452) 3.9m jobs 10.4m jobs › Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories (NACE g453) indirect › Retail sale of automotive fuel (NACE g473) › Renting and leasing of motor vehicles (NACE n771) 9.6m jobs TRANSPORT non-manufacturing › Passenger land transport (urban and suburban, taxi) (NACE h493) 4.9m jobs › Freight transport by road (NACE h4941)
CONSTRUCTION › Construction of roads and motorways (NACE f4211) 0.7m jobs › Construction of bridges and tunnels (NACE f4213)
BASED ON EUROSTAT MOST RECENT COMPREHENSIVE DATA AVAILABLE | 2011 AVAILABLE COMPREHENSIVE DATA MOST RECENT EUROSTAT : BASED ON Source * Indirect employment data does not report employment in the raw materials sector (eg steel, aluminium, glass, etc), textiles, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing, vehicle insurance and financing, etc.
29 employment
Trends in automotive employment in the EU
EU automobile employment — by year | 2008 – 2011
Units 16.000.000
14.000.000
12.000.000
10.000.000
8.000.000
6.000.000 Manufacturing direct
4.000.000 Manufacturing indirect * Automobile use 2.000.000 Transport 0 Construction
2008 2009 2010 2011
Employment related to the automotive sector 2008 2009 2010 2011 % chg 11/08 Manufacturing direct 2,233,422 2,218,600 2,171,800 2,239,100 0.3% Manufacturing indirect* 846,010 879,023 889,124 885,295 4.6% Automobile use 4,443,645 4,549,700 4,348,100 3,921,800 -11.7% Transport 5,111,300 4,816,500 4,818,900 4,901,400 -4.1% Construction 759,100 748,400 713,200 728,700 -4.0%
Total 13,393,477 13,212,223 12,941,124 12,676,295 -5.4% BASED ON EUROSTAT MOST RECENT COMPREHENSIVE DATA AVAILABLE | 2011 AVAILABLE COMPREHENSIVE DATA MOST RECENT EUROSTAT : BASED ON Source
* Indirect employment data does not report employment in the raw materials sector (eg steel, aluminium, glass, etc), textiles, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing, vehicle insurance and financing, etc.
30 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
10.3% of EU manufacturing employment is in the automotive sector
% share 2011 Total manufacturing employment in the EU — | e nt Employm
Direct automotive 7.4% manufacturing employment 2.2m EU manufacturing employment non-automotive 27.3m 89.7% Indirect automotive 2.9% manufacturing employment 0.9m | 2011 data E urostat : B ased on Source
Direct automotive employment (manufacturing) 2.2m people = 7.4% of total EU employment in manufacturing Manufacturing employment related to the automotive sector 3.1m people = 10.3% of total EU employment in manufacturing Total automotive employment (manufacturing, services* and construction) 12.7m people = 5.8% of EU employed population EU28 total population in 2011 497.9m people EU28 total employment in 2011 217.8m people EU28 employed population in the manufacturing sector 30.4m people = 13.9% of total employed population
Source: BASED ON EUROSTAT MOST RECENT DATA AVAILABLE | 2011 *in activities specified
31 employment
A closer look at automotive employment
Direct automotive employment — by country | 2011
Units - in thousands 900
800 784
700
600
500
400
300 224 200 169 154 148 140 129 125 100 71 66 57 37 30 30 20 13 13 7 6 3 3 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 DE FR IT PL CZ ES UK RO SE HU SK BE AT PT NL SI BG FI DK EE GR IE HR LT LV CY LU
| 2011 data E urostat : B ased on Source
32 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
Road transport accounts for almost half of all transport-related jobs
by mode of transport in the EU 2011 Employment* — | e nt Employm
Warehousing and support activities 23.9%
Passenger transport 18.7% Postal and courier activities 17.5%
Road transport 47.0% Railways 5.8%
Air transport 3.5% Feight transport 28.3% Sea transport 1.7%
Inland water transport 0.4%
Pipelines 0.3% | 2011 data E urostat : B ased on Source
* Employment in companies the main activity of which lies in the transport mode concerned
33 the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket Production
Production
the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
22.3% of the world’s cars are produced in the EU
Passenger car production — international comparison, % share | 2000 – 2013
EU* NAFTA Japan South Korea BRIC Units 30,000,000
39.6% 25,000,000
35.2% Production 20,000,000
39.3% 34.1% 26.2% 15,000,000 22.3%
10,000,000 19.2% 20.3% 20.3% 14.3% 12.5% 14.2% 15.8% 10.8% 8.7% 5,000,000 6.3% 8.4% 6.6% 6.3% 7.2%
0
: OICA | 2014 Source 2000 2005 2010 2013
Passenger car production — world | 2013
Volume % share EU* 14,616,202 22.3% NAFTA 7,084,136 10.8% Japan 8,189,323 12.5% South Korea 4,122,604 6.3% BRIC 25,886,146 39.6% Others 5,534,876 8.5% Total World 65.433.287 100% : OICA | 2014 Source * constant EU27 perimeter throughout the period
37 Production
Passenger car production — world, % share | 2013
10.8% NAFTA South Korea 6.3% 12.5% Japan India 4.8%
22.3% EU Asia-Others 4.7% Brazil 4.2% 27.6% China Russia 2.9% Others 2.7% Asia – others : Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand Europe – others : Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine ACEA, OICA | 2014 OICA : ACEA, Source Europe - Others 1.1% Others : Argentina, Egypt, Iran, South Africa, Uzbekistan
Commercial vehicle production — world, % share | 2013
Japan 6.6% 7.2% EU Thailand 6.4% 18.4% China Brazil 4.6%
43.0% NAFTA India 3.4% Europe - Others 3.4% Others 3.3%
Asia-Others 1.9% Asia – others : Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan Europe – others : Russia, Serbia, Ukraine ACEA, OICA | 2014 OICA : ACEA, Source South Korea 1.8% Others : Argentina, Egypt, Iran, South Africa, Uzbekistan
38 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
World car production is on the rise
World passenger car production — trend | 1997 – 2013
+3.7% Units +5.2% 60,000,000 +22.0% +2.9% +6.6% -0.9% +6.5% 50,000,000 +5.2% -9.4% +6.2% +3.7% +3.8% +1.5% Production +4.2% -3.4% 40,000,000 -0.7%
30,000,000
20,000,000
: OICA | 2014 Source 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
World passenger car production – international comparison | 2001 – 2013
Units 18,000,000
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000 EU 10,000,000 China 8,000,000 Japan 6,000,000 South Korea India 4,000,000 USA 2,000,000 Brazil 0 Russia
: OICA | 2014 Source 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
39 Production
World commercial vehicle production is climbing
World commercial vehicle production — trend | 1999 – 2013
Units 25,000,000 +4.8% +3.4% +6.7% -1.6% +3.9% +4.1% 20,000,000 +6.0% -1.6% +38.1% +7.0% -11.3% +4.0% -4.0% 15,000,000 -21.2%
10,000,000
5,000,000
0
: OICA | 2014 Source 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
World commercial vehicle production — international comparison | 2001 – 2013
Units 9,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000 USA 5,000,000 China 4,000,000 EU 3,000,000 Thailand Canada 2,000,000 Japan 1,000,000 Mexico 0 India
: OICA | 2014 Source 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
40 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
16.2 million vehicles are produced in the EU
Motor vehicle production in the EU — by country | 2013
+ TOTAL AUSTRIA 146,566 19,862 166,428 BELGIUM 449,600 30,564 480,164 Production CZECH REPUBLIC 1,128,473 4,458 1,132,931 FINLAND 8,000 8,000 FRANCE ² 1,460,000 280,000 n.a. 1,740,000 GERMANY ² 5,439,904 278,318 n.a. 5,718,222 HUNGARY 220,000 2,400 222,400 ITALY 388,465 236,040 33,702 658,207 NETHERLANDS ² 0 0 0 0 POLAND 475,000 104,055 4,203 583,258 PORTUGAL 109,698 40,918 3,400 154,016 ROMANIA 410,959 38 410,997 SLOVAKIA 975,000 975,000 SLOVENIA 89,395 4,339 93,734 ) | 2013 A ssociations utomobile SPAIN 1,719,700 419,954 23,684 2,163,338
A ational SWEDEN ² 161,080 n.a. 161,080 UNITED KINGDOM 1,509,762 68,823 18,848 1,597,433
EU ¹ 14,616,202 1,429,748 137,774 16,183,724 ACEA (N : ACEA Source
1. Double countings are deducted from the totals 2. Figures for certain categories were not communicated in 2013
41 Production
Trends in EU car production
Passenger car production in the EU | 1990 – 2013
Units 18,000,000 +5.6% +0.2% +1.1% +3.1% -1.2% -1.2% +1.9% -0.9% +1.3% -6.7% 16,000,000 +8.8% +9.9% +2.7% -6.8% -0.1% +4.3% -12.8% 14,000,000 +2.0% +3.8% +2.9% -3.2% +12.4% 12,000,000 -15.1%
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
ACEA | 2014 : ACEA Source 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
42 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
Trends in EU commercial vehicle production
Commercial vehicle production in the EU | 1990 – 2013
Units 3,000,000
+5.4% Production +3.8% -5.2% +13.2% +3.3% -3.3% +3.8% +7.5% +2.3% -3.3% -6.0% +17.3% 2,000,000 +9.8% +2.2% +39.3% -7.7% -1.0% +10.2% -19.5% +20.6% -2.4% -23.5% -47.3%
1,000,000
0
ACEA | 2014 : ACEA Source 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
43 Production
The EU produces 35 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants
Motor vehicle production per 1,000 inhabitants | 2013
200
180 180
160
140
120 108 100
80 70
60 46 46 43 40 35 27 25 22 21 20 17
, ACEA | 2014 , ACEA 20 15 15 11 1
Production / 1,000 inhabitants Production 0 SK CZ DE ES SI BE FR UK HU RO AT SE * PL PT IT FI * : E urostat Source
EU
* only production of cars available in 2013
44 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
ACEA members operate 190 plants across Europe
Automobile assembly and production plants in Europe | 2014
eu Plants NON - EU Plants Austria 5 Belarus 2 Belgium 9 Kazakhstan 4 Production Bulgaria 1 Russia 34 Croatia 2 Serbia 3 Czech Republic 8 Turkey 15 Finland 2 Ukraine 7 France 34 Uzbekistan 2 Germany 43 Hungary 4 ALL manufacturers Countries Plants Italy 22 Total Europe 26 293 Netherlands 9 Total EU 19 226 Poland 14 Portugal 6 Acea members Countries Plants Romania 3 Total Europe 22 190 Slovakia 3 Total EU 16 166 Slovenia 1 Spain 15 Sweden 11 United Kingdom 34 ACEA | 2014 : ACEA Source
45 Production
Europe leads the way in resource-efficient production
European automobile manufacturers have significantly reduced the environmental impact of vehicle production in recent years. Long-term strategies for reducing water consumption have made it possible to reduce water use per car produced by 33.5% between 2005 and 2013. This includes the increased application of recirculation technologies for the reuse of water.
Water used
million m3 m3/car 100 6.50 95 -40.2% 90 6.00 85 5.50 80
75 5.00 70 4.50 65 60 4.00 55 50 3.50
ACEA | 2014 : ACEA Source 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Water total (million m3/year) Water per unit produced (m3/car) Total industry volume production
46 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
Energy consumption
million MWh MWh/car 45 -11.1% 3.3 As cars are equipped with more and more fea- 40 3.1 tures to make them safer, more comfortable and 35 more environmental friendly, the complexity of 2.9 production increases as well, which affects ener- 30 gy demand. However, manufacturers constantly Production work on improving energy efficiency. As a result, 25 2.7 total energy consumption in recent years, between 2005-2013, decreased by 11.1%. Fluctuation in 20 2.5 energy per car produced can be explained by lower
ACEA | 2014 : ACEA Source 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 production volumes in certain years, as well as Energy total (million MWh/year) Energy per unit produced (MWh/car) Total industry volume production variable weather conditions in some years.
CO2 emissions
million tons/car tonnes 14 0.90 0.85
13 0.80
-22.8% 0.75 12 0.70
0.65
11 0.60
0.55 The CO2 emissions per vehicle produced between 10 0.50 2005-2013 dropped by 14.1%, while the overall
ACEA | 2014 : ACEA Source 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 figure went down by 22.8%, reflecting the industry’s CO2 emissions total (million t/year) CO2 emissions per unit produced (t/car) Total industry volume production efforts to reduce CO2 emissions.
47 Production
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emissions
tonnes kg/car 65,000 4.10
3.90 60,000 3.70 55,000 - 43.9% 3.50
50,000 3.30
45,000 3.10 - 35.6% 2.90 40,000 2.70 35,000 2.50
30,000 2.30
ACEA | 2014 : ACEA Source 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
VOC emissions total (t) VOC emissions per unit produced (kg/car) Total industry volume production
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are organic solvents mainly emitted from paintshops. The graph shows the VOC emissions per car produced and the absolute emissions of all passenger car manufacturers altogether. With new technologies, such as water-based paints that replace solvent-based paints, manufacturers have been able to reduce emissions by 35.6% per vehicle over the last nine years.
48 the automobile industry pocket guide 2014–2015
Waste (excluding scrap metal)
tonnes kg/car 1,700,000 120 +3.0% 1,600,000 100 Production 1,500,000 80
1,400,000 60
1,300,000 40 -7.3% 1,200,000 20
1,100,000 0
ACEA | 2014 : ACEA Source 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Waste total (t/year) excluding scrap metal Waste per unit produced (kg/car) excluding scrap metal Total industry volume production
The total amount of waste generated by the manufacturing of vehicles went down by 7.3% over nine years. The 3% rise in waste per unit produced occurs mainly due to the increasing portion of one-way packaging which is a result of globalisation. Fluctuation, both in absolute waste and waste per car, especially in 2008, can be explained by the occurrence of singular events, such as the formation of demolition waste.
49 the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket Registrations
Registrations
Source: ACEA, VDA | 2014 the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket New motor vehicle registrations Europe accountsfor21%of allmotorvehicle registrations Asia-Others SouthKorea India Japan China Ukraine Turkey Russia EFTA EU in 1,000units Mo rzl ,6 44 382 -0.9% 3,802 7.4% 4.4% 14,788 3,767 18.6% 15,883 ofwhichBrazil Mercosur ofwhichUSA NAFTA To Asia America Europe Others t or Vehicles tal World
1
,3 55 462 2.1% 4,632 7.0% 5.5% 17,527 4,731 21.9% 18,762 85,591 18,252 36,049 194 57 1,0 13.9% 19,306 25.7% 21,984 -1.4% 13,749 15.8% 13,563 344 74 2,5 6.0% 22,159 27.4% 23,494 7,796 ,1 46 389 1.6% 3,849 4.6% 3,910 ,3 35 318 -5.1% 3,198 3.5% 3,034 ,3 18 152 -0.2% -9.3% 1,542 0.1% 3,575 1.8% 5,370 3.8% 1,538 6.3% 3,241 5,376 hr 2012 %share 2013 3 03 24 -11.7% 9.2% 264 818 -3.6% 0.3% 549 1.0% 233 893 0.6% 529
100.0% 42.1% 21.3% — 9.1%
world
, market shares 82,112 33,642 18,577 7,734 0.8%
% change -1.8% 13/12 4.2% 7.2% | 2013 1. Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines,Taiwan, Thailand, Pakistan, Singapore, Vietnam Others Ukraine Turkey Russia EFTA EU E urope 21.3% 15.8% 9.1% 3.5% 0.3% 1.0% 0.6% Asia-Others India Japan China
Brazil4.4% USA18.6% South Korea Mercosur America N afta Asia
5.5% 1 42.1% 27.4%
25.7% 21.9% 4.6% 1.8% 3.8% 6.3% 53
Registrations registrations
16 million cars were registered in Europe in 2013
New passenger car registrations — world, market shares | 2013
Passenger Cars % change in 1,000 units 2013 % share 2012 13/12 Europe 21.8% America 31.3% Europe 15,964 21.8% 16,261 -1.8% EU 16.2% Nafta 25.1% EU 11,851 16.2% 12,054 -1.7% EFTA 0.6% USA 21.3% EFTA 457 0.6% 474 -3.5% Russia 3.8% Turkey 0.9% Mercosur 6.2% Russia 2,777 3.8% 2,939 -5.5% Ukraine 0.3% Turkey 665 0.9% 556 19.5% Brazil 4.9% Ukraine 213 0.3% 238 -10.2% America 1 22,837 31.3% 21,531 6.1% NAFTA 18,333 25.1% 17,100 7.2% of which USA 15,532 21.3% 14,442 7.5% Mercosur 4,504 6.2% 4,431 1.6% Asia 37.1% of which Brazil 3,580 4.9% 3,634 -1.5% China 22.3% Asia 27,111 37.1% 24,185 12.1% Others 9.8% Japan 6.2% China 16,304 22.3% 13,239 23.2% India 3.5% South Korea 1.8% Japan 4,562 6.2% 4,572 -0.2% Asia-Others 2 3.3% India 2,554 3.5% 2,761 -7.5% South Korea 1,292 1.8% 1,307 -1.1% Asia-Others 2 2,399 3.3% 2,306 4.0% Others 7,159 9.8% 7,104 0.8% 1. including Light Commercial Vehicles Total World 73,070 100.0% 69,080 5.8% ACEA, VDA | 2014 VDA : ACEA, Source 2. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan,Thailand, Pakistan, Singapore, Vietnam
54 Source: ACEA, VDA | 2014 New commercial vehicle registrations Europe accountsfor18%of commercial vehicle registrations worldwide the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket Asia-Others SouthKorea India Japan China ofwhichBrazil Mercosur ofwhichUSA NAFTA Ukraine Turkey Russia EFTA EU in 1,000units Vehicles Commercial To Asia America Europe Others tal World
1 2
2 18 21 13.0% 201 0.5% 427 1.8% 227 3.4% 430
12,521 8,938 2,288 ,8 4.% ,6 -6.4% 6,068 45.4% 5,680 ,1 1.% ,4 -2.1% 1,543 12.1% 1,511 ,1 1.% ,9 1.0% 1,695 13.7% 1,712 hr 21 13/12 2012 %share 2013 657 638 4 20 25 4.8% -15.6% 235 2.0% 814 797 2.0% 5.5% 11.6% 246 6.5% 687 168 1.7% 813 346 1.5% 187 2.8% -12.6% -1.1% 352 261 259 1.8% 2.0% 228 256 0 .% 6 -24.7% 26 0.2% 20 2 .% 5 -3.7% 75 0.6% 72
100.0% 71.4% 18.3% 5.2% 5.1% —
world 13,032 9,457 2,317 628 630
, market shares % change -3.9% -5.5% -1.2% 4.5% 1.3%
| 2013 Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines,Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam 2. Excluding light 1. Others Ukraine Russia Turkey EFTA EU E urope commercial vehicles 18.3% 13.7% 5.1% 1.8% 0.2% 2.0% 0.6% Asia-Others Japan India China Brazil1.5% USA2.8% South Korea Mercosur America N afta Asia
1.8% 3.4% 2 71.4%
45.4% 12.1% 5.2% 6.5% 5.5% 2.0% 55
Registrations registrations
The EU represents a market of almost 14 million vehicles
Motor vehicle registrations in the EU — by country | 2013
TOTAL TOTAL AT 319,035 30,701 7,443 713 357,892 LV 10,637 2,174 1,406 239 14,456 BE 486,065 53,419 7,655 765 547,904 LT 12,152 1,823 3,421 176 17,572 BG 19,352 3,614 n.a. n.a. 22,966 LU 46,624 3,142 949 171 50,886 CY 7,102 909 62 n.a. 8,073 NL 417,036 50,582 13,523 583 481,724 CZ 164,736 11,669 8,643 891 185,939 PL 289,913 42,182 19,715 1,385 353,195 DK 182,198 24,039 4,310 401 210,948 PT 105,921 18,202 2,392 174 126,689 EE 19,500 2,702 861 126 23,189 RO 57,710 8,681 3,192 865 70,448
FI 103,450 10,405 3,508 388 117,751 SK 66,000 5,075 3,856 275 75,206 FR 1,790,456 364,989 44,965 6,963 2,207,373 SI 50,878 6,727 1,195 154 58,954 DE 2,952,431 212,691 86,772 5,824 3,257,718 ES 722,703 85,463 13,136 1,648 822,950
GR 58,694 3,431 345 100 62,570 SE 269,599 37,342 4,896 1,230 313,067 HU 56,139 11,418 4,986 432 72,975 UK 2,264,737 271,073 52,952 6,951 2,595,713 IE 74,303 11,076 1,554 163 87,096 EU ¹ 11,850,905 1,374,518 304,333 32,992 13,562,748 IT 1,303,534 100,989 12,596 2,375 1,419,494 IS 7,274 584 91 73 8,022 ) | 2014 A ssociations utomobile NO 142,151 30,859 5,773 1,259 180,042 CH 307,885 29,242 3,569 585 341,281 A ational
EFTA 457,310 60,685 9,433 1,917 529,345
ACEA (N : ACEA Source 1. Data for Malta not available EU+EFTA 12,308,215 1,435,203 313,766 34,909 14,092,093
56 Source: AAA, ACEA, DG ECFIN Source: AAA, ACEA, DG ECFIN New commercial vehicle registrations intheEUandGDP| New passengercarregistrations intheEUandGDP| Vehicle sales mirror economicgrowth the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket
New CV registrations (units) New PC registrations (units) 1,500,000 1,700,000 1,900,000 2,100,000 2,300,000 2,500,000 2,700,000 10,000,000 11,000,000 12,000,000 13,000,000 14,000,000 15,000,000 16,000,000 1997 1990
New CVregistrations –EU New PCregistrations –EU 1998 1991 1992 1999 1993 2000 1994 2001 1995 2002
1996 EU GDP EU GDP 2003 1997 1998 2004 1999 2005 2000 1990-2013 2006 2001 1997-2013 2007 2002 2008 2003 2004 2009 2005 2010 2006 2011 2007 2012 2008 2009 2013 Eurostat forecast 2010 2014 2011 2015 2012 2013 +0 +1 +2 +3 +4 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 2014 GDP growth (%) Eurostat forecast 2015 +0 +1 +2 +3 +4 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
GDP growth (%) 57
Registrations registrations
Trend in new EU car registrations
New passenger car registrations in the EU — in units, % change | 1990-2013
Units 16,000,000 +1.0% +3.8% +1.6% -0.6% 15,000,000 +5.0% +5.0% -2.1% +0.6% -8.0% -2.7% -1.2% 14,000,000 +7.2% -5.5% +0.8% -1.7% -0.6% +4.9% 13,000,000 +6.3% -8.3% 12,000,000 -1.7% +6.0% +0.7%
11,000,000 -16.9%
10,000,000
ACEA | 2014 : ACEA Source 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
58 Source: ACEA, based on AAA data | 2014 Source: ACEA, based on AAA data | 2014 New medium&heavy commercial vehicle registrations intheEU New lightcommercial vehicle registrations intheEU Trend innewEU commercial vehicle registrations the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket 2,000,000, 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,500,000 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 500,000 Units Units 0 0 1997 1997 +13.1% +16.5% 1998 1998 +12.7% +9.0% 1999 1999 2000 2000 +5.6% +2.5% 2001 2001 -2.8% -3.7% -10.0% 2002 2002 -2.5% 2003 2003 -2.7% -1.2% 2004 2004 +9.5% +9.5% 2005 2005 +3.0% +6.1% —
in units,%change 2006 2006 +0.4% +6.4% 2007 2007 +5.7% +6.5% — 2008 2008 -9.7% -2.6%
in units,%change
| -29.5% -44.4% 2009 2009 1997-2013 2010 2010 +8.7% +7.1% +26.6% 2011 2011 +7.5% | 1997-2013 -13.5% 2012 2012 -8.5% 2013 2013 +6.7% -0.5% 59
Registrations registrations
A closer look at consumer demand
New passenger cars sold in Europe* — by segment, in units | 1994-2013
Units Small (A+B) Lower Medium (C) Upper Medium (D) Luxury (E+F) MPV SUV Others 6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
I nsight : IHS G lobal Source 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
New cars sold in Europe* — by segment, % share | 2013
Lower medium (C) 21.0% Upper medium (D) 9.0% Luxury (E+F) 4.0% MPV 14.0% SUV 18.0% Others 2.0% Small (A+B) 33.0%
I nsight : IHS G lobal Source * Europe = EU27 (without Luxembourg) + Norway, Switzerland
60 More information on trends in new car characteristics at www.acea.be Source: ACEA, Eurostat | 2013 New passengercarregistrations per100inhabitants 2.4 newcars were registered per100inhabitants intheEU in2013 the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket EU11 EU15 EU =EU27,dataforMaltan.a. =BG,CY, CZ,EE,HU,LV, LT, PL,RO, SK,SI =AT, BE,DE,DK,ES,FI,FR,GR,IE,IT, LU, NL,PT, SE,UK 10.0 Units 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 LU 8.7 4.4 BE
3.8 CH 3.8 AT 3.6 DE 3.5 UK 3.3 DK
2.8 SE 2.8 NO 2.8 FR EU 15 2.8 2.5 NL 2.5 — SI EU 27 in units 2.4 2.3 IS | 2.2 2013 IT 1.9 FI 1.6 IE 1.6 CZ 1.5 ES 1.5 EE 1.2 SK 1.0 PT 0.8 CY 0.8 PL EU 11 0.7 0.6 HU 0.5 GR 0.5 LV 0.4 LT 0.3 RO BG 0.3 61
Registrations registrations
The drive towards fuel efficiency
Demand for passenger cars ≤ 120g CO2 /km | 1995-2013
Units
7,000,000
6,000,000 5,740,437
5,000,000 4,594,922 4,283,478 4,000,000 3,865,560 3,247,803 3,000,000 2,057,924 +20% 2,000,000 1,494,098 839,488 958,591 904,845 1,008,992 1,000,000 583,614 306,514 813 20,339 88,174 159,384 0 2 0
| 1995-2009: AAA data : B ased on Source n . a .) MT CY, for BG, RO, ( data EU15, 2010-2012: 23 EU countries 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
New passenger cars in the EU — by CO2 emissions | 1995-2013
CO2 emissions (g/km) 161+ 160-141 140-121 120 and less
80%
65%
49% 42% 37% 39% 35% 36% 34% 29% 31% 30% 33% 27% 27% 29% 33% 32% 27% 28% 23% 26% 25% 25% 23% 21% 20% 21% 19% 19% 17% 16% 15% 18% 15% 11% 12% 9% 7% 8% 3% 0% 0% 3%
| 1995-2009: AAA data : B ased on Source n . a .) MT CY, for BG, RO, ( data EU15, 2010-2012: 23 EU countries 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
62 the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket Average CO2 emissionsofnewcarsintheEU2013(ingCO2 /km)and%changefrom 2007 CO2 emissions of newcars: continuingthedownward trend as %change ofnewcars
LV EE 148 LT SE DE PL HU 136 CZ 135 SK LU AT FI UK SI ES BE IT GR FR PT DK NL IE
126 143 149
Average CO2 in 2013 0 -33.7% 109 3 -24.7% -20.1% 137 -12.0% 136 136 -18.4% 135 -17.9% 134 -25.6% 133 -21.7% 132 129 -20.9% -18.9% 124 -17.0% 124 122 -28.2% -21.5% 118 -20.3% 117 -27.6% 114 114 2 -26.7% 121 2013/2007 PT: 114;-20.3% Source: A ES: 124;-20.9% cea |2014 IE: 121;-26.7% UK: 129;-21.7% FR: 117;-21.5% BE: 124;-18.9% NL: 109;-33.7% LU: 134;-18.4% AT: 133;-17.9% DE: 136;-20.1% DK: 114;-27.6% IT: 122;-17.0%
SE: 137;-24.7% SI: 126 CZ: 135 PL: 136;-12.0% HU: 136 SK: 135 GR: 118;-28.2% FI: 132;-25.6% LT: 143 EE: 148 LV: 149 63
Registrations registrations
Most new cars have a diesel engine
Diesel penetration in the EU15 + EFTA — % of new cars registered | 1990-2013
% share 60
50
40
30
20
10
0
for the EU15 + EFTA) AAA ( data : based on Source 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Diesel penetration in the EU15 + EFTA — by country, % of new cars registered | 2013
% share 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 LU PT IE FR ES BE SE GR AT IT NO IS UK DE CH FI DK NL
for EU15 + EFTA) AAA ( data : based on Source EU15 + EFTA
More information on trends in new car characteristics at www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/trends_in_new_car_characteristics 64 the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket Vehicles in Use
Vehicles in Use
Source: ANFAC, ACEA | 2014 Source: ANFAC, ACEA | 2014 Passenger carfleet* Average passengercarage Cars intheEU are onaverage 8.6years old the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket * foravailable countries:Austria, Belgium,Estonia, Denmark,Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain,Sweden,UK. Netherlands, Portugal, Years 10 12 14 16 0 2 4 6 8 30.8% 31.7% 37.5% ESTONIA 14.0
Cars ≤5years old Cars 5-10years old Cars >10years old —
by age,% share FINLAND 12.3 —
by
country | PORTUGAL 2011 10.5 | 2011 SWEDEN 9.8 EU* 8.6 GERMANY 8.5 FRANCE 8.2 BELGIUM 8.0 AUSTRIA 7.7 67
Vehicles in Use vehicles in use
The share of diesel in the EU car fleet is gradually increasing
EU car fleet — by fuel type, % share | 2011
Gasoline 60.2%
Diesel 36.8%
Other 3.0%
ANFAC, ACEA | 2014 ACEA : ANFAC, Source * for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom.
EU car fleet — by fuel type, % share | 2010
Gasoline 61.6%
Diesel 35.5%
Other 3.0%
ANFAC, ACEA | 2012 ACEA : ANFAC, Source * for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, UK.
68 Source: EUROSTAT | 2014 Source: EUROSTAT | 2014 EU commercial vehicle fleet EU passengercarfleet The EU’s vehicle fleetcontinuestogrow the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket Units -inthousands Units -inthousands 100,000 200,000 300,000 150,000 250,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 15,000 25,000 35,000 5,000 0 0 1990 1990 — in units — inunits
| 1995 1995 1990 –2012 | 1990 –2012 2000 2000 2005 2005 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 69
Vehicles in Use vehicles in use
Vehicle spread in the EU
Passenger car fleet — by country, % share & in units | 2012
Units in millions 45 17.7% 40 15.1% 35 13.3% 30 12.1%
25 9.1%
20 7.7%
15
10 3.2% 2.2% 2.1% 5 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0 DE IT FR UK ES PL NL BE GR CZ AT PT RO SE FI HU BG DK IE SK LT SI LV EE CY LU MT
EUROSTAT | 2014 : EUROSTAT Source
70 Source: Eurostat, IHS Global Insight Source: Eurostat, IHS Global Insight Passenger carfleetgrowth Passenger carfleet International comparison the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket in millions in millions Units Units 100 200 300 100 200 300 150 250 150 250 50 50 0 0 242.2 EU* EU* — in units 130.7 USA USA — | 2012 in units JAPAN JAPAN 59.1 | 1995-2012 CHINA CHINA 67.8 RUSSIA RUSSIA 36.9 BRAZIL BRAZIL 29.1 S. KOREA S. KOREA
1995 14.6 2012 INDIA INDIA 15.8 * 27countriesincludedover thewholeperiod 71
Vehicles in Use vehicles in use
The EU has 487 cars per 1,000 inhabitants
Car density per 1,000 inhabitant — world | 1995-2012 Units 500 487 448 447 463 461 454 404 400 380 373
300 300 259 236 200 179 143 147 1995 108 106 I nsight , IHS G lobal 100 100 50 2005 2 11 3 6 13 0 2012 EU JAPAN USA S. KOREA RUSSIA BRAZIL CHINA INDIA : E urostat Source
Passenger car density per 1,000 inhabitants — EU | 2012
Units
700 663 621 592 590 600 563 549 542 539 518 512 487 487 486 500 476 472 467 465 464 456 448 429 415 399 400 385 337 305 300 301 224 200
100
0 LU IT MT LT FI CY AT DE SI FR BE EU PL ES NL GR SE UK EE CZ PT IE DK BG SK LV HU RO
| 2014 : E urostat Source
72 the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket Trade
Trade
Source: based on Eurostat data | 2013 EU exports ofpassengercars EU exports The EU automotive isaformidableexporter industry the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket South America&Caribbean North America(NAFTA)North 28.6% 2.7% —
by value, %share | 2013 Africa Middle East5.2% EFTA &EasternEurope 6.5% Asia &Oceania 23.1% 33.9% 75
Trade TRADE
The EU exported 6.6 million vehicles in 2013
EU motor vehicle trade — by type, in €m | 2013
2012 2013 % chg 13/12 trade trade trade trade in value (¤m) imports exPORTS BALANCE IMPORTS ExPORTS BALANCE IMPORTS Exports balance Passenger cars 24,074 107,751 83,677 23,510 111,560 88,050 -2.3% 3.5% 5.2% Commercial vehicles (up to 5t) 3,401 4,637 1,236 3,487 4,503 1,016 2.5% -2.9% -17.8% Commercial vehicles (over 5t) + buses & coaches 823 7,156 6,333 995 6,987 5,992 20.9% -2.4% -5.4% total 28,298 119,544 91,246 27,992 123,050 95,058 -1.1% 2.9% 4.2% | 2013 : E urostat Source
EU motor vehicle trade — by type, in units | 2013
2012 2013 % chg 13/12
trade in volume (units) imports exPORTS IMPORTS ExPORTS IMPORTS Exports Passenger cars 1,976,748 5,764,041 2,022,602 5,888,736 2.3% 2.2% Commercial vehicles (up to 5t) 332,002 427,487 286,831 512,452 -13.6% 19.9% Commercial vehicles (over 5t) + buses & coaches 91,560 220,134 89,342 247,215 -2.4% 12.3% total 2,400,310 6,411,662 2,398,775 6,648,403 -0.1% 3.7% | 2013 : E urostat Source
76 Source: based on Eurostat data | 2013 Source: Eurostat | 2013 Origin ofEUmotor| vehicle imports Origin ofEUmotor vehicle imports ofallvehicleA closercategories lookatimports the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket
100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000
Thailand Morocco Units World India South Africa Mexico China States United Japan South Korea Turkey 0 TURKEY
S. KOREA 3,620,596 4,7 2809 0,5 1493 6,8 1291 7,7 -.% 7.2% 9.2% -5.5% -9.5% 16.3% 172,976 219,932 3.5% 182,961 242,930 161,487 390,616 243,264 377,448 164,993 186,702 376,618 209,158 156,215 295,044 268,069 366,619 349,075 350,740 450,878 446,070 640,323 5,1 1214 1,4 1939 8,6 1689 0,3 -57 4.5% -35.7% 107,335 15.4% 166,889 -5.2% 19.0% 184,367 369,211 139,319 -4.9% 389,425 116,449 455,137 516,008 478,779 182,124 605,229 151,916 458,543 671,091 434,401 862,930 369,309 966,429 529,232 516,265 830 895 5,5 2008 5,8 1045 6,1 73 6.7% 7.3% 161,411 150,495 258,884 230,018 259,357 98,935 58,380 308 293 599 444 040 522 108 26 1.7% 62.6% 41,088 25,262 40,470 44,434 35,919 62,943 83,088 523 232 594 001 758 229 667 91 2.4% -9.1% 56,637 62,289 77,578 70,091 35,934 32,392 25,263 ,9 236 ,7 381 ,5 1,1 5,7 171 2.1% 157.1% 50,172 19,515 7,150 3,891 3,877 2,386 2,995 2007 JAPAN 3,246,820 — 2013 in units 2008 USA
| 2013 2,522,080 CHINA 2009 INDIA 2,488,966 2010 MEXICO 2,527,846 S. AFRICA 2011 Morocco 2,400,310 2012 Thailand 2,398,775 share in2013 %share %chg13/13 2013 -0.1% 100.0% 77
Trade TRADE
Most EU motor vehicle exports go to the US
Main destinations of EU motor vehicle exports — in units | 2013
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 % chg 13/12 % share in 2013 World 5,319,592 5,359,061 3,740,221 4,772,147 6,372,235 6,411,662 6,648,403 3.7% 100.0% United States 981,406 880,676 550,839 714,941 751,800 884,522 960,721 8.6% 14.5% China 98,355 137,777 174,239 349,704 487,103 534,744 564,613 5.6% 8.5% Russia 603,832 728,660 191,339 320,398 506,738 606,985 481,499 -20.7% 7.2% Turkey 204,205 202,778 155,691 301,825 335,711 310,040 429,021 38.4% 6.5% Switzerland 263,514 254,674 222,420 275,923 316,752 326,368 296,746 -9.1% 4.5% Japan 191,055 145,009 114,670 148,109 177,898 207,151 245,172 18.4% 3.7% Norway 165,650 135,024 114,962 155,595 167,996 163,107 217,598 33.4% 3.3% Algeria 64,699 85,369 81,906 86,072 109,419 224,969 210,194 -6.6% 3.2% Australia 135,932 136,538 96,374 141,255 156,381 190,290 186,843 -1.8% 2.8% Ukraine 126,023 164,788 39,334 111,509 132,544 165,736 171,683 3.6% 2.6% | 2013 : E urostat Source
Destination of EU motor vehicle exports — in units | 2013
Units 1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0 USA CHINA RUSSIA TURKEY Switzerland JAPAN Norway Algeria Australia Ukraine | 2013 data E urostat : based on Source
78 Source: based on Eurostat data | 2013 Source: Eurostat | 2013 Passenger cars-originofEU Origin ofmostEUpassengercar valueThe US andJapan accountforthehighestimport cars the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket
Thailand Morocco World India 0.1% 5.1% 25.5 % 24.1% 17.4% 14.9% China South Africa Mexico Turkey South Korea States United Japan Middle East Others NAFTA Japan South Korea Turkey
33,617 185 070 ,8 771 ,6 588 ,7 -.% 24.1% -3.2% 5,678 5,868 7,469 7,701 8,284 10,720 11,875 ,9 244 ,0 173 ,6 234 ,0 -24 6.8% 14.9% 17.4% -32.4% 12.2% 1,604 18.3% 4.4% 3,513 -21.8% 2,374 4,087 3,132 4,313 3,915 2,467 5,516 3,353 3,424 1,773 4,670 3,416 2,477 1,501 3,491 3,210 2,631 2,414 2,967 3,719 1,998 3,997 4,256 6,007 6,746 6,368 3 56 ,3 137 ,7 98 ,6 90 4.5% 9.0% 1,066 978 1,775 1,347 1,539 586 333 3 19 1 12 6 8 4 228 0.6% 1.0% 282.8% 145 -26.8% 243 38 332 96 394 142 455 112 399 179 541 139 483 2007 0 0 40 4 95 4 56 .% 2.5% 6.8% 586 548 905 847 470 301 70 6 0 7 0 6 68 6 2.% 3.2% 25.5% 763 608 163 10 27 40 46 imports imports 29,953 — 2008 by value 22,137 —
by value, in€m | 2013 2009 | 2013 22,572 2010 Russia ASEAN0.6% China India4.5% 25,268 2011 Mercosur Australia 0.0% Africa E fta 24,074 0.1% 0.1% 1.0% 5.8% 0.7% 2012 23,510 in 2013 % share % chg 13/12 2013 -2.3% 100.0% 79
Trade TRADE
Most EU car imports come from South Korea
Origin of most EU passenger car imports — in units | 2013
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 % chg 13/11 % share in 2013 World 3,236,814 2,804,881 2,221,187 2,149,773 2,271,044 1,976,748 2,022,602 2.3% 100.0% South Korea 657,404 452,143 353,724 297,744 386,592 406,684 405,138 -0.4% 20.0% Japan 955,261 859,627 680,141 606,489 515,648 390,939 365,652 -6.5% 18.1% Turkey 390,123 365,758 316,224 332,643 337,340 319,690 362,355 13.3% 17.9% United States 441,753 352,300 150,744 180,241 236,822 235,420 212,636 -9.7% 10.5% India 61,621 99,547 266,204 232,821 260,604 150,914 172,965 14.6% 8.6% Mexico 152,462 184,391 116,468 139,314 184,354 166,866 107,060 -35.8% 5.3% China 336,866 253,813 154,775 155,679 149,464 110,642 101,418 -8.3% 5.0% Morocco 6,977 5,472 3,044 2,959 19,846 62,385 83,956 34.6% 4.2% South Africa 3,905 20,612 31,418 65,420 72,100 43,934 42,482 -3.3% 2.1%
| 2013 : E urostat Source Switzerland 41,287 36,315 26,263 23,962 23,506 22,562 30,422 34.8% 1.5%
Origin of EU passenger car imports — in units | 2013
Units
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0 S. KOREA JAPAN TURKEY USA INDIA MEXICO CHINA Morocco S. AFRICA SWITZERLAND | 2013 data E urostat : based on Source
80 Source: based on Eurostat data | 2013 Source: Eurostat | 2013 Passenger cars-destinationofEUexports Main destinationsofEUpassengercar The US is theEU’s most valuable market export the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket
World Norway Switzerland 0.1% 1.7% 6.5% 28.6% 17.7% 8.4% 6.5% Canada South Korea Australia Turkey Japan Russia China States United India Mercosur Others NAFTA China EFTA Africa 69,751 478 050 278 918 942 499 784 16 24.9% 11.6% 27,834 24,939 19,482 19,128 12,768 20,520 24,748 ,7 207 ,8 244 ,8 296 ,4 -.% 2.6% -5.0% 3.3% 2,846 4.0% 2,996 3,636 2,480 3,497 2,414 3,177 1,789 2,758 2,057 1,613 2,074 2,186 2,097 ,9 210 ,5 269 ,1 314 ,3 -.% 2.7% -4.2% 3,039 5.6% 3,174 -9.1% 3,016 6,210 6,832 2,699 6,646 1,854 5,219 2,180 2,694 3,935 4,360 4,318 ,3 286 ,6 425 ,2 484 ,0 2.% 5.4% 5.7% 23.0% 6.3% 6,006 1.4% -19.1% 17.7% 4,884 6,390 7,071 2.1% 6,304 5,229 8,744 19,698 5,089 4,255 19,296 7,016 3,843 2,067 17,335 4,063 2,713 2,806 12,182 2,563 2,834 5,475 3,249 8,758 4,115 4,608 6,627 3,344 7 91 0 162 ,5 247 ,2 2.% 2.8% 25.3% 3,129 2,497 1,955 1,682 805 911 974 2007 68,453 2008 exports 47,714 —
by value —
2009 in value, in€m | 2013 75,767 | 2010 2013 ASEAN 1.8% Australia 3.3% Turkey 5.4% Japan Russia 93,171 2011 South Korea 2.8% Middle East 5.2% 107,751 5.7% 6.3% 2012 111,560 in 2013 % share % chg 13/12 2013 3.5% 100.0% 81
Trade TRADE
16% of EU car exports set sail to the US
Main destinations of EU passenger car exports — in units | 2013
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 % chg 13/12 % share in 2013 World 4,644,439 4,712,598 3,339,191 4,197,131 5,111,768 5,764,041 5,888,736 2.2% 100.0% United States 972,325 874,513 547,328 708,586 731,144 874,588 950,095 8.6% 16.1% China 95,927 136,241 172,220 345,582 478,877 526,878 555,253 5.4% 9.4% Turkey 225,508 223,334 170,457 339,561 388,001 357,131 487,134 36.4% 8.3% Russia 528,678 670,382 176,595 291,164 470,880 565,987 442,025 -21.9% 7.5% Switzerland 243,349 233,164 203,942 255,875 291,900 303,503 273,953 -9.7% 4.7% Japan 190,864 145,006 114,650 148,083 175,242 206,714 245,364 18.7% 4.2% Algeria 61,895 77,949 75,484 74,694 102,859 215,936 194,425 -10.0% 3.3% Australia 107,470 109,740 84,157 123,250 141,396 150,429 165,846 10.2% 2.8% Norway 151,956 122,103 110,027 147,473 153,693 145,260 136,836 -5.8% 2.3% South Africa 102,828 65,611 62,834 93,145 123,355 116,179 129,605 11.6% 2.2% | 2013 : E urostat Source
Destination of EU passenger car exports — in units | 2013 Units 1.000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0 USA CHINA TURKEY Russia Switzerland JAPAN Algeria Australia Norway S. AFRICA | 2013 data E urostat : based on Source
82 the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket Taxation
T axation
these regrets thelack of uniformityin the implementationof For more information,visitwww.acea.be neutral. – budget – – – taxation forpassengercarsthatis: trend The European automobilethis welcomes industry United Kingdom. Romania, Slovenia,Portugal, Spain, Sweden andthe Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, the Cyprus, Denmark,Finland,France,Germany, Greece, are:consumption fuel and/or Austria, Belgium, Croatia, totallyor CO2 cars’ emissions on the based partially levythat 20 taxesThe EUcountriescar passenger or ownershipofpassengercars,upfrom 17in2010. form ofCO2 apply sometaxtoregistration the and/ European acrossCO2 taxation isnowwellestablished the CO2 taxationisgainingground intheEU the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket linear; and neutral; technologically exclusively emissions; basedonCO2 taxes. towards Union. European CO2-related 20 auto EU member makers car taxation. therefore states However, currently support it
Source: ACEA T ax Guide|2014 85
Taxation Taxation
Tax incentives help shape demand for electric vehicles
Incentives for electrically-chargeable vehicles are now applied in all western European countries. The incen- tives mainly consist of tax reductions and exemptions, as in countries such as Austria, Germany and the Netherlands, and bonus payments and premiums for the buyers of electric vehicles in France, Luxembourg and the UK.
The European car industry supports the further intro- duction of fiscal incentives for fuel efficiency. Tax measures are an important tool in shaping consumer demand towards fuel-efficient cars and help create a market for breakthrough technologies, notably during the introduction phase.
Innovations generally first enter the market in low volumes and at a significant cost premium, and this needs to be offset by a positive policy framework. Electric mobility will make an important contribution towards ensuring sustainable mobility. However, ad- vanced conventional technologies, engines and fuels will play a predominant role for years to come. Govern- ments must continue to include these CO2-efficient technologies and solutions in their overall sustainable mobility policy approach.
For more information, visit www.acea.be Source: ACEA Tax Guide | 2014
86
Source: ACEA | 2014 Fiscal incomefrom motor vehicles intheEU* Motor vehicles are avital source ofgovernment revenue the automobile industry guide2014–2015 pocket
* Nodataavailable forotherEUmemberstates.
EURO ae 173 .1 982 .9 286 .0 117 .0 115 .5 352 .0 1.0 5.880 12.000 0.506 3.592 6.350 0.432 1.155 1.495 26.700 48.000 1.304 1.370 2.254 1.157 0.478 12.500 7.670 21.000 0.706 0.052 Othertaxes 38.620 1.431 2.886 2.117 2.665 1.311 Customs duties 8.991 1.008 3.774 14.800 9.872 0.310 35.609 0.363 Tolls 3.742 1.512 0.156 17.868 taxes Insurance 1.773 13.817 39.304 1.310 16.970 Driving licensefees 7.534 3.600 13.800 0.408 5.471 ownershiptaxes Annual 26.319 N.A. 0.507 3. Salesandregistration taxes 6.060 2.510 2. Fuels andlubricants servicing/repair, tyres parts, 1. Purchase or transfer T VAT onvehicle sales O TAL
12.483 .9 079 .1 030 .2 005 .0 284 .9 420 1.500 4.200 0.196 2.864 5.600 2.800 0.055 1.624 0.403 4.620 0.390 1.010 4.373 0.759 0.299 0.290 0.600 3.786 1.757 0.934 0.310 .2 030 052 .3 0.800 1.730 10.542 0.370 1.622 2012 12.5 € bn AT
.3 – .2 0.028 0.306 – 0.535 – 0.062 0.010 0.007 17.2 17.214 2012 € bn BE
DKK bn 42.769 2011 5.7 DK
79.955 2012 80.0 25.7 € bn DE ES GRAND T
25.716 2012 € bn O
TAL = €388.8bn 7.065 2011 € bn 7.1 69.2 FI
69.239 2012 € bn FR
5.341 2013 € bn 5.3 GR
2013
4.661 € bn 4.7 73.1 17.6 IE
73.090 2012 € bn IT
17.641 2012 € bn NL
4.847 2013 € bn 4.8 PT
88.800 SEK bn 2012 10.0 55.8 SE
46.580 2012 £ bn UK 87
Taxation Taxation
Share of VAT in net price of cars
Hungary 27% Italy 22% Austria Bulgaria Denmark Belgium 25% Estonia Sweden Czech Republic 20% Latvia Slovakia Romania 21% 24% Slovenia Finland Lithuania UK Netherlands Greece Spain France 19.6% Ireland 23% Germany Poland 19% Cyprus Portugal Malta 18%
Luxembourg 15% ACEA | 2014 : ACEA Source
Excise duties on fuels in €/1,000 litres
AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GR HU IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK EU minimum rates
Unleaded petrol 515 628 363 479 501 423 456 650 607 670 454 416 587 728 434 465 434 411 509 759 395 586 383 656 549 551 674 359
Diesel 425 443 330 450 427 393 331 470 428 330 349 383 479 617 330 338 330 333 422 478 345 369 352 609 442 386 674 330 | 2014 : E uropean C ommission Source
88 eu28 Cars AT Austria MT Malta PC Passenger cars BE Belgium NL Netherlands SUV Sport utility vehicles MPV Multi-purpose vehicles BG Bulgaria PL Poland Vans CY Cyprus PT Portugal LCV Light commercial vehicles + minibus / coaches 3.5t CZ Czech Republic RO Romania Trucks DE Germany SE Sweden MCV Medium commercial vehicles > 3.5t but 16t DK Denmark SI Slovenia HCV Heavy commercial vehicles > 16t EE Estonia SK Slovakia CV MCV + HCV ES Spain UK United Kingdom Buses + Coaches Europe EU27 + EFTA B&C Buses > 3.5t FI Finland EFTA Iceland + Norway + Switzerland Motor Vehicles FR France NAFTA USA + Canada + Mexico MV Cars + vans + trucks + buses & coaches GR Greece OTHERS BRIC Brazil + Russia + India + China Mercosur Argentina + Brazil + Paraguay + Uruguay HR Croatia CH Switzerland ASEAN Brunei + Cambodia + Indonesia + Laos HU IS Hungary Iceland + Malaysia + Myanmar + Philippines PM particulate matter NOx nitrogen oxides IE Ireland NO Norway + Singapore + Thailand + Vietnam CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxide IT Italy RS Serbia AAA Auxiliary Automobile Association m million bn billion LT Lithuania RU Russia VDA German Association of the Automotive g gramme t tonne Industry tkm tonne-kilometre pkm passenger-kilometre LU Luxembourg TR Turkey OICA International Organization GCW gross combined weight GDP gross domestic LV Latvia UA Ukraine of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers product Avenue des Nerviens 85 B–1040 Brussels T. +32 2 732 55 50 [email protected] @ACEA_eu www.acea.be