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Ornithological Observations from Reserva Natural Tambito, Cauca, South-West Colombia

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Ornithological Observations from Reserva Natural Tambito, Cauca, South-West Colombia Ornithological observations from Reserva Natural Tambito, Cauca, south-west Colombia Thomas M. Donegan and Liliana M. Dávalos Cotinga 12 (1999): 48– 55 Este artículo describe la avifauna de la Reserva Natural Tambito, una importante reserva con instalaciones para ecoturismo e investigación. Los autores realizaron dos estudios estandarizados en 1997 y 1998, cuyos resultados representan la mayor parte de los datos sobre la avifauna de la reserva: unas 313 especies fueron registradas incluyendo cuatro globalmente amenazadas y nueve casi-amenazadas. Es posible que también existan otras especies con problemas de conservación. También se presentan nuevos registros altitu d in ales y de distribución. También rendimos un sentido homenaje a Alvaro Negret — cuya trágica muerte en agosto de 1998 representa una pérdida considerable para la ornitología y la conservación en Colombia. Alvaro proveyó los fondos, tiempo y energía para establecer la Fundación Proselva y la Reserva Natural Tambito, excelente localidad para el estudio y observación de aves en Colombia. Introduction restricted-range bird species, the most of any EBA This paper seeks to portray the avifauna of an in the Neotropics18. Munchique and Tambito (site important nature reserve with facilities for CO53)20 is identified as one of Colombia’s most im­ ecotourists and researchers, and to pay tribute to portant key areas, known or suspected to contain Alvaro Negret — whose tragic death in August 1998 at least 10 threatened species — more than any other was a considerable loss to ornithology and site in Colombia20. conservation in Colombia. Alvaro provided the funds, time and energy to establish Fundación L o g is tic s Proselva and Reserva Natural Tambito. The reserve administrator, Luis-Alfonso Ortega Reserva Natural Tambito is located 50 km west (Corporación Regional del Cauca [CRC], Popayán. of Popayán on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera Tel: 0928 243040. E-mail: [email protected]), Occidental, in dpto. Cauca, Colombia, at c. 02°30'N should be contacted in advance of visiting and can 77°00'W. It is adjacent to Parque Nacional Natural advise on transport to and from the reserve. From (PNN) Munchique, and encompasses c. 3000 ha of Popayán to 20 de Julio or Juntas takes 3–8 hours, very humid premontane forest and very humid depending on mode of transport, and from there, lower montane forest8,9, at 1200–2400 m. the reserve centre is a 3–5-hour hike, depending on The northern Andes features the most complex route taken and physical fitness. The reserve centre, topography in South America that supports an with two cabins, is at 1450 m. Tambito is a private extremely wide variety of ecosystems and high nature reserve and no official permits are required levels of endemism16. For example, Colourful to visit the area excluding those required for Puffleg Eriocnemis mirabilis has, to date, only been collection purposes. recorded within a few hundred metres of the type The INDERENA cabin, in PNN Munchique, is locality within PNN Munchique2. Tambito is administrated by the Dirección de Parques in Popayán. situated within the Choco Endemic Bird Area18, Accommodation can be arranged, but to work within widely acknowledged as one of the world’s most PNN Munchique, a permit is required, so the park biologically diverse regions. The Chocó EBA has the director, Isaac Bedoya, should be contacted in advance. highest (number of EBA birds / area) ratio in the Access is much simpler as the 20 de Julio Sector Cabin world18, and is known to contain at least 62 is on the El Tambo–20 de Julio road. SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3 SITE 4 SITE 5 Dates 16–20/8,26/8 20– 25/8 27– 30/8 6– 10/9 1–6/9 Altitude (m) 1480 1620 1850 2 0 2 0 2 1 8 0 Coordinates 0 2°3 0 '525N 7 7°0 0 '14 2 W 0 2°3 0 '422N 77°00'1 6 5 W c. 02°30'50N c. 76°58'90W c. 02 ° 3 1'50N c. 77°0 0 ’ 15 W 02°3 2 '0 13N 76°59'4 0 0 W (GPS not operable at Sites 3– 4) Life zone9,10 Very humid subtropical forest Very humid lower montane forest Vegetation profile Clearing and edge Mature 2° palm 1° fo re st 1° fo re s t 1° forest and o f 1° fo re s t fo re s t forest border Metres of nets 100 64 88 91 112 Metre/Net/h 4 6 0 0 3 2 5 0 3 0 5 0 2 0 5 0 5 8 5 0 4 8 Cotinga 12 Ornithological observations from Reserva Natural Tambito, south-west Colombia 1997 and 1998 studies: sites and Tambito / Munchique a relatively safe haven for the m e t h o d species. The majority of records from the reserve derive from two standardised surveys of Tambito by the authors Bicoloured Antvireo Dysithamnus occidentalis in 1997 and 1998. In 1997, a month-long Status: Vulnerable ornithological investigation was conducted using This secretive species is known from a handful of mist-nets and observation, largely following records on the west slope of the Andes, including standard procedures. Five mist-netting sites at several around Munchique and other sites in different elevations were selected on the basis of Colombia, with the subspecies punctetis known from experience and intuition in order to maximise net the east slope of the Andes2. Until very recently22, captures. Species inventories were compiled for this species was virtually unknown in life2. We different habitats at 1470, 1620, 1850, 2020 and trapped and photographed four individuals in 1997: 2180 m. The sites are marked in Figure 1. an adult female at site 3 on 28 August; and three at Up to 10 mist-nets were deployed at each site, site 5 — an adult male and adult female together, opened at dawn (06h00) and left open until dusk with a juvenile male caught two hours later on 6 (18h00) or until adverse weather intervened, with September. AN also observed a female around site the aim of maximising the catch, and hence data. 2 in 1998. We therefore consider it uncommon at Birds were identified, ringed, aged and sexed. 1620–2180 m at least. D. occidentalis is a species Biometrics were taken, and each plumage-type was of re-growth areas and natural forest clearings22, photographed. In addition to mist-netting, the which correlates with our results. The bird caught surrounding area was intensively but non- at site three was in a mist-net placed in a primary systematically searched for other species of birds. forest tree-fall clearing; site two encompasses a large In 1998, mist-netting took place from 24–27 June expanse of steep-sloped dense mature secondary 1998 at site five, followed by two days of palm forest and the birds caught at site five were observations throughout the reserve. in typical ridge-top habitat. A call was also noted, Compiling mist-net data, our own observations different from those recently described22, and and additional information from Robert Giles (RG), presumably the bird’s alarm call. The site three bird Alvaro Negret (AN), Paul Salaman (PS), Ville called deeee da-da-da-da, as it was released. One of Vepsäläinen (W), and notes from the 1,000-species the site five birds called da-da-da-da-da-da upon birding trip in October 1997 (in which LD release. This species’ taxonomic history is tortuous14. participated) a checklist of the reserve has been That the calls we have noted in the western produced, totalling 313 species (Appendix 1). subspecies differ from those known in D. o. punctetis Further records are found at: http:// may be significant in our understanding of the www.soft.net.uk/pcl/colombia/tambito.htm5. relationship between the two forms. Red Data birds Long-wattled Umbrellabird Cephalopterus IUCN / BirdLife International categories' are penduliger followed below. Status: Vulnerable AN reports this species as local and uncommon in Black-and-chestnut Eagle Oroaetus isidori Tambito, presumably at lower elevations. Status: Near-threatened Relatively frequently recorded, soaring over forests Beautiful Jay Cyanolyca pulchra throughout much of the reserve. Status: Near-threatened This species is fairly common at c. 1400m–1700 m, Chestnut Wood-Quail Odontophorus hyperythrus being observed several times at sites 1 and 2, and Status: Near-threatened especially around the Rio Tambito. Fairly common throughout the reserve (AN). This species is widely hunted throughout much of its Multicoloured Tanager Chlorochrysa nitidissima range, making Tambito an important site for its Status: Vulnerable protection. Two observed in a mixed flock in the canopy at site 5 in 1997 (TD, LD). The species is also recorded Toucan Barbet Semnornis ramphastinus regularly around Río Tambito and along the path Status: Near-threatened from the cabin to 20 de Julio. Seen several times and heard regularly at all sites in 1997 and 1998. Nonetheless, as the species is very Purplish-mantled Tanager Iridosornis vocal, a regular encounter rate may refer to a small porphyrocephalus population. One bird was caught and photographed Status: Near-threatened at site 2 in 1997. As a popular cagebird, effective This species is relatively common in the Tambito / enforcement of regulations on access routes makes Munchique region, especially at higher elevations. 49 Cotinga 12 Ornithological observations from Reserva Natural Tambito, south-west Colombia Nine were caught in 1997 at sites 3–5, with numer­ Key areas of the reserve for threatened ous other sight records at these elevations. One site and endem ic species five individual was re-trapped in 1998. Birds around Tam bito cabin Tanager Finch Oreothraupis arremonops A small clearing around the reserve centre, at 1400 Status: Vulnerable m, attracts a number of ubiquitous species, including This Pacific slope endemic is known from a handful up to 13 hummingbird species, with Violet-tailed of localities in Colombia and Ecuador, but is absent Sylph Aglaiocercus coelestis particularly common from numerous apparently suitable areas2.
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