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Uddeholm Dievar® ® Uddeholm Dievar® ® UDDEHOLM DIEVAR UDDEHOLM DIEVAR® Uddeholm Dievar is a specially developed steel grade by Uddeholm, which provides the best possible performance. The chemical composition and the very latest in production technique make the property profile outstanding. The combination of excellent toughness and very good hot strength gives Uddeholm Dievar a very good heat checking- and gross cracking resistance. The steel is suitable in high demand hot work applications like die casting, forging and extrusion. The property profile makes it also suit- able in other applications, e.g. plastics and High Performance Steel. Uddeholm Dievar offers the potential for significant improvements in die life, thereby improving the tooling economy. © UDDEHOLMS AB No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes without permission of the copyright holder. This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specific properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a particular purpose. Classified according to EU Directive 1999/45/EC For further information see our “Material Safety Data Sheets”. Edition 9, 10.2017 2 UDDEHOLM DIEVAR GENERAL The unique properties profile for Uddeholm Dievar makes it the best choice for die cast- Uddeholm Dievar is a high performance ing, forging and extrusion. chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloyed hot work tool steel which offers a very good resistance to heat checking, gross cracking, hot wear and plastic deformation. Uddeholm HOT WORK Dievar is characterized by: • Excellent toughness and ductility in all APPLICATIONS directions Heat checking is one of the most common • Good temper resistance failure mechanism e.g. in die casting and now • Good high-temperature strength days also in forging applications. Uddeholm • Excellent hardenability Dievar’s superior ductility yields the highest • Good dimensional stability throughout possible level of heat checking resistance. heat treatment and coating operations With Uddeholm Dievar’s outstanding tough- ness and hardenability the resistance to heat Typical C Si Mn Cr Mo V checking can further be improved. If gross analysis % 0.35 0.2 0.5 5.0 2.3 0.6 cracking is not a factor then a higher working Standard hardness can be utilized (+2 HRC). specification None Regardless of the dominant failure mecha- Delivery condition Soft annealed to approx. 160 HB nism; e.g. heat checking, gross cracking, hot Colour code Yellow/grey wear or plastic deformation. Uddeholm Dievar offers the potential for significant improve- ments in die life and then resulting in better tooling economy. IMPROVED TOOLING Uddeholm Dievar is the material of choice PERFORMANCE for the high demand die casting-, forging- and Uddeholm Dievar is a premium hot work tool extrusion industries. steel developed by Uddeholm. Uddeholm Dievar is produced using the Electro-Slag- TOOLS FOR DIE CASTING Refining (ESR) technique. The ESR process gives Dievar a high level of homogeneity and Aluminium, Part magnesium alloys cleanliness which results in a high perfor- Dies 44–50 HRC mance hot work tool steel of the highest quality. The Uddeholm Dievar development has yielded a die steel with the ultimate resist- ance to heat checking, gross cracking, hot TOOLS FOR EXTRUSION wear and plastic deformation. Copper, Aluminium, Part copper alloys magnesium alloys HRC HRC Dies – 46–52 Liners, dummy blocks, stems 46–52 44–52 TOOLS FOR HOT FORGING Part Steel, Aluminium Inserts 44–52 HRC 3 UDDEHOLM DIEVAR PROPERTIES TENSILE PROPERTIES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE The reported properties are representative of samples which have been taken from the SHORT TRANSVERSE DIRECTION. centre of a 610 x 203 mm (24" x 8") bar. Rm, Rp0,2 A5, Z Unless otherwise is indicated all specimens ksi MPa % have been hardened at 1025°C (1875°F), 290 2000 100 quenched in oil and tempered twice at 615°C 261 1800 Z 90 232 1600 80 (1140°F) for two hours; yielding a working 203 1400 70 hardness of 44–46 HRC. 174 1200 Rm 60 145 1000 50 116 800 Rp0,2 40 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 87 600 30 DATA AT ROOM AND ELEVATED 58 400 20 TEMPERATURES 29 200 A5 10 100 200 300 400 500 600 700°C Temperature 20°C 400°C 600°C (68°F) (750°F) (1110°F) 210 390 570 750 930 1110 1290°F Density, Testing temperature kg/m3 7 800 7 700 7 600 lbs/in3 0.281 0.277 0.274 Modulus of elasticity MPa 210 000 180 000 145 000 Minimum average unnotched impact psi 30.5 x 106 26.1 x 106 21.0 x 106 ductility is 300 J (220 ft lbs) in the short trans- Coefficient of verse direction at 44–46 HRC. thermal expansion per °C from 20°C – 12.7 x 10–6 13.3 x 10–6 per °F from 68°F – 7.0 x 10–6 7.3 x 10–6 Thermal conductivity CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT TOUGHNESS W/m °C – 31 32 AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE Btu in/(ft2h°F) – 216 223 SHORT TRANSVERSE DIRECTION. Impact energy ft. lbs J MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 102 140 TENSILE PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERA- 88 120 TURE, SHORT TRANSVERSE DIRECTION 45 HRC 73 100 Hardness 44 HRC 48 HRC 52 HRC 58 80 47 HRC Tensile 44 60 strength 1480 MPa 1640 MPa 1900 MPa Rm 96 tsi 106 tsi 123 tsi 30 40 214 000 psi 237 000 psi 275 000 psi Yield 15 20 50 HRC strength 1210 MPa 1380 MPa 1560 MPa R 0,2 8 tsi 89 tsi 101 tsi p 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450°C 175 000 ps 200 000 psi 226 000 psi 120 210 300 390 480 570 660 750 840°F Elongation Testing temperature A5 13 % 13 % 12,5 % Reduction of area Z 55 % 55 % 52 % 4 UDDEHOLM DIEVAR TEMPER RESISTANCE STRESS RELIEVING The specimens have been hardened and After rough machining the tool should be tempered to 45 HRC and then held at different heated through to 650°C (1200°F), holding temperatures from 1 to 100 hours. time 2 hours. Cool slowly to 500°C (930°F), then freely in air. Hardness, HRC 50 500°C HARDENING (930°F) 45 Preheating temperature: 600–900°C (1110– 550°C 1650°F). Normally a minimum of two preheats, (1020°F) 40 the first in the 600–650°C (1110–1200°F) range, and the second in the 820–850°C 35 (1510–1560°F) range. When three preheats 600°C are used the second is carried out (1110°F) 30 at 820°C (1510°F) and the third at 900°C 650°C (1650°F). (1200°F) 25 Austenitizing temperature: 1000–1030°C 0,1 1 10 100 (1830–1890°F). Time, h Temperature Soaking time* Hardness before °C °F minutes tempering 1000 1830 30 52 ±2 HRC 1025 1875 30 55 ±2 HRC * Soaking time = time at hardening temperature after the HEAT TREATMENT tool is fully heated through – GENERAL Protect the tool against decarburization and RECOMMENDATIONS oxidation during austenitizing. SOFT ANNEALING Protect the steel and heat through to 850°C (1560°F). Then cool in furnace at 10°C (20°F) per hour to 600°C (1110°F), then freely in air. CCT GRAPH Austenitizing temperature 1025°C (1875°F). Holding time 30 minutes. °F °C 1100 2000 Austenitizing temperature 1025°C Holding time 30 min. 1800 1000 Ac 1f 900 = 890 °C 1600 Carbides Ac 1s 800 = 820 1°C 1400 Pearlite 700 1200 Cooling Hard- 600 curve ness T800–500 No. HV 10 (sec) 1000 500 1 681 1,5 800 400 2 627 15 Bainite 3 620 280 Ms 600 300 4 592 1 248 5 566 3 205 400 200 6 488 5 200 Martensite Mf 7 468 10 400 200 100 8 464 20 800 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 405 41 600 1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 Seconds 1 10 100 1 00 0 Minutes 1 10 100 Hours Air cooling of 0.2 1.5 10 90 600 bars, Ø mm 5 UDDEHOLM DIEVAR HARDNESS, GRAIN SIZE AND TEMPERING RETAINED AUSTENITE AS FUNCTIONS OF Choose the tempering temperature accord- AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE ing to the hardness required by reference to Grain the tempering graph below. Temper minimum size ASTM Hardness, HRC Retained austenite % three times for die casting dies and minimum 10 60 twice for forging and extrusion tools with Grain size intermediate cooling to room temperature. 8 58 Holding time at temperature minimum 2 hours. Hardness 6 56 Tempering in the range of 500–550°C (930– 1020°F) for the intended final hardness will 4 54 result in a lower toughness. Retained austenite 52 2 TEMPERING GRAPH 50 0 Hardness, HRC Retained austenite, % 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 °C 60 1815 1830 1850 1870 1885 1905 1920 °F Austenitizing temperature 1025°C (1875°F) Austenitizing temperature 55 50 QUENCHING 1000°C (1830°F) 45 Temper As a general rule, quench rates should be as embrittlement rapid as possible. Accelerated quench rates 40 6 are required to optimize tool properties speci- fically with regards to toughness and resist- 35 4 ance to gross cracking. However, risk of Retained austenite excessive distortion and cracking must be 30 2 considered. 25 QUENCHING MEDIA 100 200 300 400 500 600 700°C 210 390 570 750 930 1110 1290°F The quenching media should be capable of Tempering temperature (2 + 2h) creating a fully hardened microstructure. Different quench rates for Uddeholm Dievar Above tempering curves are obtained after heat treat- ment of samples with a size of 15 x 15 x 40 mm, cooling are defined by the CCT graph, page 5.
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